Early and current physical activity: Cross-sectional associations with overweight among adults

Introduction: The health benefits of physical activity in all ages are widely known, however the effects of early physical activity on future health are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the cross-sectional associations between previous and current physical activity with overweight among adults.Methods: A probabilistic sample of 534 teachers was included in the study. Independent variables were physical activity in childhood, adolescence, and current, and clustering of physical activity through life, all analyzed using a self-report questionnaire. The dependent variable was overweight, estimated by the body mass index, assessed using self-report measures of weight and height. Covariates were sex, age, skin color, income, sedentary behavior, medication use for weight control, and nutritionist counseling. Poisson regression was adopted to estimate Prevalence Ratios (PR) in the multivariate analysis.Results: Physical activity at ages 6-10 (PR=1.03 to 1.13), 12-14 (PR=0.96 to 0.98), and 15-17 (PR=0.76 to 0.90) years was not associated with overweight. Participants who do not meet the recommendation of current physical activity have a higher likelihood of being overweight (PR=1.55 to 2.17) and the magnitude of the association increased when analyzing those who were not physically active through all stages of life (PR=3.69 to 4.69).Conclusion: Performing physical activity only in early life does not seem to promote health benefits in the sample analyzed. Although current physical activity is associated with the outcome, promoting physical activity continuously through lifespan seems to be a better strategy to prevent overweight among adults

Avaliação da potência anaeróbia antes e após o período competitivo em atletas profissionais de futebol

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a potência anaeróbia antes e após o período competitivo em atletas profissionais de futebol. Participaram do estudo 25 atletas do gênero masculino avaliados antes e após o período competitivo. A potência anaeróbia foi avaliada através do teste de corridas de velocidade repetidas (RAST), com o qual foram determinadas a potência máxima (PMAX), potência média (PMED), potência mínima (PMIN) e o índice de fadiga (IF). O teste foi realizado na primeira (PRE) e na ultima (POS) sessão de treinamento do período competitivo, que teve a duração de 20 semanas. Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) entre PRE e POS em nenhum dos parâmetros analisados, PMAX (10,70 ± 0,95 vs 10,83 ± 0,87), PMIN (8,48 ± 0,92 vs 8,28 ± 0,76), PMED (9,52 ± 0,83 vs 9,41 ± 0,61) e IF (22,73 ± 7,48 vs 25,53 ± 8,79). Não há alteração significativa na potência anaeróbia após um período competitivo de 20 semanas em atletas profissionais de futebol

Relação dos saltos vertical, horizontal e sêxtuplo com a agilidade e velocidade em crianças

The aim of the present study were: 1) To verify the relationship of vertical, horizontal and sextuple jumps with agility and velocity of 5, 10 and 25 m; 2) To verify the capacity of these jumps to predict the agility and 5, 10 and 25 m velocity performance in children. Twenty eight boys (9.47 ± 0.64 years) and thirty girls (9.69 ± 0.70 years) were evaluated. The correlation values between agility and velocity on 5, 10 and 25 m velocity were, respectively, r = 0.63, 0.51, 0.44 and 0.64 with vertical jump, r = 0.68, 0.62, 0.28 and 0.62 with sextuple jump, and r = 0.60, 0.50, 0.26 and 0.57 with horizontal jump. The vertical and sextuple jumps were able to predict the agility and 25 m velocity performance (p < 0.05). Furthermore, they demonstrated capacity to predict 5 and 10 m velocity, respectively (p < 0.05). The vertical and sextuple jump tests may be used for assessment and control of training with children practicing activities that require agility and velocity, since both jumps predicted the agility and velocity performance, which did not occur with the horizontal jump.Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1) verificar a relação dos saltos vertical, horizontal e sêxtuplo com a agilidade e velocidade de 5, 10 e 25 m; 2) verificar a capacidade desses saltos em predizer o desempenho da agilidade e velocidade de 5, 10 e 25 m em crianças. Vinte e oito meninos (9,47 ± 0,64 anos) e 30 meninas (9,69 ± 0,70 anos) foram avaliados. Os valores de correlação entre a agilidade, velocidade de 5, 10 e 25 m foram, respectivamente, r = 0,63, 0,51, 0,44 e 0,64 com o salto vertical, r = 0,68, 0,62, 0,28 e 0,62 com o salto sêxtuplo, e r = 0,60, 0,50, 0,26 e 0,57 com o salto horizontal. O salto vertical e o salto sêxtuplo foram capazes de predizer o desempenho da agilidade e da velocidade de 25 m (p < 0,05). Além disso, demonstraram capacidade de predizer a velocidade de 5 e 10 m, respectivamente (p < 0,05). Os testes de salto vertical e sêxtuplo podem ser utilizados para avaliação e controle do treinamento com crianças praticantes de atividades que demandam agilidade e velocidade, uma vez que ambos os saltos predisseram o desempenho da agilidade e velocidade, o que não ocorreu com o salto horizontal

Physiology Responses and Players' Stay on the Court During a Futsal Match: A Case Study With Professional Players

Physiological responses in futsal have not been studied together with temporal information about the players' stay on the court. The aim of this study was to compare heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration ([La-]) responses between 1-H and 2-H considering the time of permanency of the players on the court at each substitution in a futsal match. HR was recorded during entire match and [La-] was analyzed after each substitution of seven players. %HRmean (89.61 ± 2.31 vs. 88.03 ± 4.98 %HRmax) and [La-] mean (8.46 ± 3.01 vs. 8.17 ± 2.91 mmol·L-1) did not differ between 1-H and 2-H (ES, trivial-small). Time in intensity zones of 50-100 %HRmax differed only in 60-70 %HRmax (ES, moderate). HR coefficient of variation throughout the match was low (7%) and among the four outfield players on the court (quartets, 5%). Substitutions (2 player's participation in each half), time of permanence on the court (7.15 ± 2.39 vs. 9.49 ± 3.80 min), ratio between time in- and out-ratio on the court (In:Outcourt = 1:1.30 ± 1:0.48 vs. 1:1.05 ± 1:0.55 min) also were similar between 1-H and 2-H (ES, moderate and small, respectively). Balancing the number of substitutions, and the In:Outcourt ratio of players in both halves of the match, playing lower time at 1-H, ~8 min for each participation in the match, made it possible to maintain intensity of the match in 2-H similar to the 1H. These results are a good guidance to coaches and for application in future studies

Predictors of health care utilization, medication consumption, absenteism and presenteeism in teachers of public schools of Londrina-PR : a mediation model

Elevada prevalência de agravos mentais, tais como o estresse, burnout, depressão e os transtornos mentais comuns, tem sido descrita na literatura em função das exigências impostas pelo trabalho do professor de Educação Básica. Ainda, há acometimentos por dores musculoesqueléticas, comportamentos e fatores de risco à saúde, que também afetam a população em geral, assim como as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs). Além de influenciar a saúde dos professores, essas condições resultam em maior utilização de serviços de saúde, consumo de medicamentos, absenteísmo e presenteísmo, aspectos que geram prejuízos ao docente e ao empregador. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os preditores da utilização de serviços de saúde, medicamentos, absenteísmo e presenteísmo em professores. Estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal realizado na rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Londrina-PR, no ano de 2014. Participaram voluntariamente do estudo 633 professores de 63 escolas, sendo que 50 realizaram apenas o estudo piloto. Os professores responderam a um questionário autorrelatado para estimar as seguintes variáveis independentes: estresse ocupacional, transtornos mentais comuns, burnout, atividade física na infância e atual, comportamento sedentário, estado nutricional, dores musculoesquléticas, consumo de álcool e tabaco. Da mesma forma, foram analisadas 10 DCNTs. As variáveis dependentes foram a quantidade consultas médicas, com psicólogo (a), realização de exames, uso de medicamentos, absenteísmo, presenteísmo e dificuldade em realizar os trabalhos que envolvam esforço físico. Com exceção do consumo de medicamentos (6 meses), todas as outras variáveis foram relatadas de acordo com os últimos 12 meses. Foi elaborado um modelo teórico inicial para predizer as variáveis dependentes. O modelo foi avaliado por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais, assim como foram estimados os efeitos diretos, indiretos e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Devido ao ajustamento inaceitável do modelo inicial, as variáveis atividade física na idade jovem, comportamento sedentário no trabalho e no tempo livre foram eliminadas. Foram encontrados efeitos diretos significativos entre estado nutricional (&#x3B2;=0,081), transtornos mentais comuns (&#x3B2;=0,355), estresse no trabalho (&#x3B2;= 0,068), burnout (&#x3B2;=0,113) e dores musculoesqueléticas (&#x3B2;=0,152) sobre o somatório de DCNTs, sendo que a atividade física apresentou apenas efeito indireto (&#x3B2;=-0,009). As DCNTs apresentaram efeito direto sobre todos os desfechos analisados (&#x3B2;=0,081 a 0,627). As dores musculoesqueléticas apresentaram efeito direto sobre a quantidade de consultas médicas (&#x3B2;=0,136) e exames (&#x3B2;=0,098). Os transtornos mentais comuns apresentaram efeito direto sobre as consultas com psicólogo(a) (&#x3B2;=0,104). As variáveis que apresentaram efeito direto sobre o consumo de medicamentos, absenteísmo e presenteísmo foram os transtornos mentais comuns (&#x3B2;=0,072, 0,129, 0,209) e o burnout (&#x3B2;=0,069, 0,074, 0,140). Por fim, a atividade física (&#x3B2;=-0,102), transtornos mentais comuns (&#x3B2;=0,153), burnout (&#x3B2;=0,099) e dores musculoesqueléticas (&#x3B2;=0,095) apresentaram efeito direto sobre a dificuldade em realizar as tarefas do trabalho que envolvam esforço. Programas de intervenção com objetivo de reduzir a utilização de serviços de saúde, consumo de medicamentos, absenteísmo e presenteísmo em professores devem prevenir o sobrepeso, os transtornos mentais comuns, o estresse no trabalho, o burnout, a dor musculoesquelética e aumentar a atividade física.High prevalence of mental health problems, such as stress, burnout, depression and common mental disorders has been described on literature, due to the demands imposed by the work of teachers of basic education. Still, there is involvement by musculoskeletal pain, health risk behaviours and factors that affects the general population, as well as chronic non communicable diseases (NCDs). In addiction of affect the teacher's health, these conditions result in increase of health related services use, medication consumption, absenteeism and presenteeism, aspects that generate impairment for the teacher and the employer. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the predictors of health related service use, medication use, absenteeism and presenteeism in teacher. Cross sectional epidemiological study conducted on public schools of Londrina City, Parana, Brazil in 2014. 633 teachers of 63 public schools participated in the study and 50 performed only the pilot study. Teachers answered a self report questionnaire to assess the following independent variables: occupational stress, common mental disorders, burnout, physical activity in childhood and actual, sedentary behavior, nutritional status, musculoskeletal pain, alcohol and tobaco use. In the same way, it were analyzed 10 NCDs. The dependent variables were the amount of medical visit, psychologist, exams, medication use, absenteeism, presenteeism and difficulty to perform tasks that require effort in the worsite. Except for medication use (6 months), all variables were related to the last 12 months period. It was developed a theoretical initial model to predict the dependent variables. The model was assessed through structural equation modeling and the direct and indirect effects and their confidence intervals of 95% of the independent variables were estimated. Due to the unacceptable adjustment of the initial model, the variables physical activity in childhood, sedentary behavior on worksite and on leisure time were eliminated from the model. Direct effects were found between nutritional status (&#x3B2;=0,081), common mental disorders (&#x3B2;=0,355), job stress (&#x3B2;=0,068), burnout (&#x3B2;=0,113) and musculoskeletal pain (&#x3B2;=0,152) on sum of NCDs, physical activity showed only indirect effect (&#x3B2;=-0,009). NCDs showed direct effect on all outcomes analyzed (&#x3B2;=0,081 a 0,627). Musculoskeletal pain showed direct effect on medical visit (&#x3B2;=0,136) and exams (&#x3B2;=0,098). Common mental disorder presented direct effect on psychologist visit (&#x3B2;=0,104). The variables that presented direct effect on medication use, absenteeism and presenteeism were common mental disorders (&#x3B2;=0,072, 0,129, 0,209) and burnout (&#x3B2;=0,069, 0,074, 0,140). Lastly, physical activity (&#x3B2;=-0,102), common mental disorder (&#x3B2;=0,153), burnout (&#x3B2;=0,099) and musculoskeletal pain (&#x3B2;=0,095) presented direct effect on difficulty to perform tasks that require effort on the worksite. Intervention programs that aim to reduce health related services use, medication use, absenteeism and presenteeism in teachers should prevent overweight, common mental disorders, occupational stress, burnout, musculoskeletal pain, and increase physical activity

Engagement in physical education classes and health among young people: does sports practice matter? A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Physical education classes aim to promote health but it is unknown whether benefits occur independently of sports practice. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between engagement in physical education classes and physical fitness and obesity according to sports practice among Brazilian students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional school-based study involving 737 students aged 10-17 years in southern Brazil. METHODS: Engagement in physical education classes and sports practice were analyzed using a self-report questionnaire. The health indicators analyzed were cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, obesity and combinations thereof. The covariates were sex, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and sedentary behavior. Prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted for confounding variables were estimated using Poisson regression. Analyses were stratified according to sports practice. RESULTS: Engagement in physical education classes was associated with achievement of health-related criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness (PR = 1.52), muscle strength (PR = 1.55), obesity + cardiorespiratory fitness (PR = 1.51), obesity + muscle strength (PR = 1.70), cardiorespiratory fitness + muscle strength (PR = 2.60) and the three outcomes combined (PR = 2.43), only among non-sports practitioners, all P 0.05). No associations were found for sports practitioners (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Engagement in physical education classes was associated with health among non-sports practitioners. However, to protect students from obesity and promote additional health benefits for sports practitioners, the conventional physical education program offered to the sample studied should be reformulated

Efeito agudo do aquecimento realizado através de exercícios dinâmicos e jogo de futebol em campo reduzido sobre a agilidade em crianças

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of warm up performed by dynamic exercises (DYN) and small sided soccer game (SOC) on agility with ball (AB) and agility without ball (AG). Eighteen children of both genders (n=18) performed the AB and AG tests after three conditions: without warm-up (WWU), DYN and SOC. The effects of DYN and SOC warm-ups on AG test was higher than WWU (p<0,05) and it was similar among them (WWU=12,2 ± 1,0, DYN= 11,3 ± 0,7, SOC=11,4 ± 0,6 s), as well as on AB test (WWU=15,0 ± 2,1, DYN= 14,4 ± 2,1, SOC=14,0 ± 1,6 s). Results in both tests were similar by gender, except in AB test performed with DYN warm-up, in girls. SOC is an effective warm-up protocol for agility tests with or without ball and can be used before agility motor tasks in children