A infusão de cascas de romã é efetiva na desinfecção de escovas dentais?

Introdução: Os métodos de descontaminação ou desinfecção de escovas dentais têm sido questionados. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a eficácia da infusão de cascas de romã como um desinfetante de escovas dentais contra Streptococcus mutans. Material e método: Uma amostra de 16 escolares com idade entre 7 e 9 anos realizou escovação dentária cuidadosa, uma vez ao dia por 5 dias/semana durante 4 semanas. Após cada dia de escovação, as escovas foram lavadas e pulverizadas com uma solução desinfetante. Este procedimento foi repetido por 4 semanas utilizando uma das diferentes soluções por semana: água destilada (G1; grupo controle), infusão de casca de romã (Punica granatum Linn) (G2), hipoclorito de sódio a 1% (G3) e digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (G4). Após o quinto dia, as escovas foram coletadas para análise laboratorial. As cabeças das escovas foram agitadas em solução salina diluída em 10–1, 10–2,10–3, e 25μL de cada diluição foi semeada em meio de cultura agar mitis salivarius para contagem de unidade formadora de colônias (UFC) de S. mutans. Um examinador calibrado (Kappa = 0,91) realizou a contagem de UFC mL–1 × 104 . Os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Comparações Múltiplas de Dunn foram usados em um nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: G1 apresentou o maior número de UFC (3,9 ± 8,4), seguido de G2 (3,2 ± 4,0). Não foi observado crescimento de S. mutans em G3 e G4. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre G1 e G2 e entre G3 e G4 (p>0,05). Conclusão: A infusão de romã foi completamente ineficaz para a desinfecção de escovas dentais contra S. mutans quando comparada às soluções de hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%.Introduction: Methods of decontamination or sanitization of toothbrushes have been questioned. Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of pomegranate peels infusion as a disinfectant of toothbrushes against Streptococcus mutans. Material and method: A sample of 16 schoolchildren aged between 7 and 9 years performed brushing 5 days/week, with a careful brushing once a day. After each day of brushing, the toothbrushes were washed and sprayed with one disinfectant solution. This procedure was repeated for 4 weeks using one of the different solutions per week: distilled water (G1; negative control), pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn) peels infusion (G2), 1% sodium hypochlorite (G3) and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (G4). After the fifth day, toothbrushes were collected for laboratory analysis. Toothbrushes heads were subjected to agitation in saline dilution of 10–1, 10–2,10–3, and 25 μL of each dilution were seeded in mitis salivarius agar culture medium for S. mutans colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. One calibrated examiner (Kappa = 0.91) performed the CFU (mL–1 × 104 ) counts. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn Multiple Comparison tests were used at a significance level of 5%. Result: G1 presented the highest number of CFU (3.9 ± 8.4), followed by G2 (3.2 ± 4.0). No S. mutans growth was observed in G3 and G4. There was no statistically significant difference between G1 and G2 and between G3 and G4 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pomegranate infusion was completely ineffective for the disinfection of toothbrushes against S. mutans when compared with 1% sodium hypochlorite and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate solution

Initial Mechanical Stabilization of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cements with Different Active Principles

Objective: To determine the initial mechanical stabilization of conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) indicated for the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in different storage periods. Material and Methods: Specimens were divided according to the GIC (n=12): IZ - Ion-Z, KM - Ketac Molar Easymix, RS - Riva Self Cure, and GL - Gold Label 9. They were prepared and stored in distilled water. Superficial microhardness (SMH) was evaluated (KHN) in three phases: (A) after 1, (B) 3, and (C) 7 days of storage. Data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 5%). Results: The average KHN values for phases A, B, and C were, respectively, 33.05 ± 9.74; 33.21 ± 10.31 and 52.07 ± 11.75 (IZ); 50.35 ± 11.39; 66.05 ± 10.48 and 67.77 ± 13.80 (KM); 89.63 ± 15.59; 71.31 ± 23.86 and 57.70 ± 16.89 (RS); 42.18 ± 9.03; 68.54 ± 6.83 and 57.95 ± 8.24 (GL). Significant differences were observed: GIC, time, and interaction of both (p<0.05). KHN values differed between the groups, except in the GIC parameter for KM and GL. The time parameter values of phase A were lower than those of B and C, except for IZ and RS. Conclusion: The initial mechanical stabilization differed between the types of GIC tested and the storage time, and after the final period, all had similar SMH

Initial Mechanical Stabilization of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cements with Different Active Principles

Objective: To determine the initial mechanical stabilization of conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) indicated for the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in different storage periods. Material and Methods: Specimens were divided according to the GIC (n=12): IZ - Ion-Z, KM - Ketac Molar Easymix, RS - Riva Self Cure, and GL - Gold Label 9. They were prepared and stored in distilled water. Superficial microhardness (SMH) was evaluated (KHN) in three phases: (A) after 1, (B) 3, and (C) 7 days of storage. Data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 5%). Results: The average KHN values for phases A, B, and C were, respectively, 33.05 ± 9.74; 33.21 ± 10.31 and 52.07 ± 11.75 (IZ); 50.35 ± 11.39; 66.05 ± 10.48 and 67.77 ± 13.80 (KM); 89.63 ± 15.59; 71.31 ± 23.86 and 57.70 ± 16.89 (RS); 42.18 ± 9.03; 68.54 ± 6.83 and 57.95 ± 8.24 (GL). Significant differences were observed: GIC, time, and interaction of both (p<0.05). KHN values differed between the groups, except in the GIC parameter for KM and GL. The time parameter values of phase A were lower than those of B and C, except for IZ and RS. Conclusion: The initial mechanical stabilization differed between the types of GIC tested and the storage time, and after the final period, all had similar SMH

Shame from Smiling and Speaking Due to Oral Health Problems in Brazilian Adolescents: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Objective: To investigate the association between oral health problems and being ashamed of smiling or speaking among Brazilian adolescents. Material and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study carried out with secondary data from 7,328 12-year-old Brazilian adolescents from the latest Brazilian national oral health survey (SB Brasil 2010). The question “In the previous 6 months, have you been ashamed of smiling or speaking due to your teeth?” was the outcome variable. Calibrated examiners performed clinical examinations on adolescents for the diagnosis of dental caries (DMF-T), dental trauma, dental fluorosis and occlusal alterations. Data were analyzed descriptively and by Poisson unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). The final model was controlled by family income. Results: The prevalence of being ashamed of smiling or speaking was 13.6%. The following variables were associated with the outcome: female sex (PR=1.33; 95% CI: 1.17-1.53), cavitated dental caries on upper incisors (PR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.51-2.15), dental trauma (PR=1.36; 95% CI:1.16-1.60), increased maxillary overjet (PR=1.36; 95% CI:1.18-1.57), dental crowding (PR=1.60; 95% CI:1.40-1.83), midline diastema (PR=1.30; 95% CI:1.11-1.44), tooth loss (PR=1.45; 95% CI:1.16-1.80), mild/questionable dental fluorosis (PR=1.23; 95% CI:1.06-1.44) and moderate/severe dental fluorosis (PR=1.67; 95% CI:1.15-2.44). Conclusion: Oral health problems that impact dental aesthetics were predisposing factors for being ashamed of smiling or speaking in Brazilian adolescents

Influence of examiners’ experience on the reproducibility of different gold standard techniques and histological criteria for validation of the diagnosis of occlusal caries lesions

The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence (1) of the examiner experience and (2) three histological classification criteria on the reproducibility of two gold standard techniques (non-dye or dye) for validation of the diagnosis of occlusal caries. This study comprised a sample of 210 digital images of 105 permanent teeth (105 rhodamine B dyed and 105 dyefree hemisections) and six examiners. Images were evaluated on a laptop computer and categorised according to three different histological classification criteria (proposed by Ekstrand, Lussi or Downer) and repeated in order to allow reproducibility calculation. For data analysis, the six participants were divided into two groups: G1: examiners with previous experience in histological evaluation and G2: examiners with no experience in histological evaluation. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results. The mean intraexaminer reproducibility values in G1 were higher than G2 in all variables. Intra-examiner reproducibility was lower for the dye-free technique in both groups. The mean values of inter-examiner reproducibility in G1 ranged from 0.60 to 0.68, and in G2 values ranged from 0.34 to 0.69. Conclusion. It can be concluded that: (1) the examiners’ experience seems to influence the reproducibility of the two gold standard techniques studied and reproducibility tends to be lower when the dye-free technique is used, and (2) the histological classification criterion does not appear to influence the reproducibility for validation of the diagnosis of occlusal caries