Do the Sealer Solvents Used Affect Apically Extruded Debris in Retreatment?

Introduction: We evaluated apically extruded debris in the retreatment of root canals filled with different root canal sealers and gutta-percha using different solvents. Methods: Ninety human mandibular central and lateral teeth were prepared using the Reciproc #25.08 nickel-titanium system (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) and were divided randomly into 6 groups. In groups 1, 2, and 3, root canals were filled with epoxy resin based sealer and gutta-percha, and in groups 4, 5, and 6, root canals were filled with zinc oxide eugenol based sealer and gutta-percha. Each tooth was placed in a glass vial experimental apparatus. All root canal fillings were removed with the ProTaper Retreatment nickel-titanium system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). During the retreatment procedure, in group 1, Resosolv (Pierre Rolland, Merignac, France) was used; in group 4, Endosolv E (Septodont, Paris, France) was used; and in groups 2 and 5, Guttasolv (Septodont) was used as the solvent. In the control groups (groups 3 and 6), no solvent was used. Reciproc #40 .06 was used for the final preparation. The times required for retreatments were recorded. Results: The weight of the extruded debris and the time required for retreatment were decreased significantly in the groups in which a solvent that was intended specifically for the root canal sealer was used (groups 1 and 4). In the Guttasolv groups (groups 2 and 5), the amount of apically extruded debris and the time required decreased for both root canal sealers. Conclusions: The amount of apically extruded debris and the duration of retreatment were reduced by the use of a solvent specific to the sealer compared with a gutta-percha solvent or no solvent

The Effect of Different Final lrrigant Activation Techniques on the Bond Strength of an Epoxy Resin-based Endodontic Sealer: A Preliminary Study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not different final irrigation activation techniques affect the bond strength of an epoxy resin based endodontic sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany) to the root canal walls of different root thirds. Methods: Eighty single-rooted human mandibular pre-molars were prepared by using the Pro Taper system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) to size F4, and a final irrigation regimen using 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA was performed. The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20) according to the final irrigation activation technique used as follows: no activation (control), manual dynamic activation (MDA), Canal Brush (Coltene Whaledent, Altststten, Switzerland) activation, and ultrasonic activation. Five specimens from each group were prepared for scanning electron microscopic observation to assess the smear layer removal after the final irrigation procedures. All remaining roots were then obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. A push-out test was used to measure the bond strength between the root canal dentin and AH Plus sealer. The data obtained from the push-out test were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests. Results: The bond strength values mostly decreased in the coronoapical direction (P < .001). In the coronal and middle thirds, ultrasonic activiation showed a higher bond strength than other groups (P < .05). In the apical third, MDA displayed the highest bond strength to root dentin (P < .05). The majority of specimens exhibited cohesive failures. Conclusions: The bond strength of AH Plus sealer to root canal dentin may improve with ultrasonic activation in the coronal and middle thirds and MDA in the apical third

Evaluation of debris extruded apically during the removal of root canal filling material using ProTaper, D-RaCe, and R-Endo rotary nickel-titanium retreatment instruments and hand files

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of debris extruded apically during the removal of root canal filling material using ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), D-RaCe (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), and R-Endo (Micro-Mega, Besancon, France) nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary retreatment instruments and hand files. Methods: Sixty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were prepared with K-files and filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). The teeth were then randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 15 for each group) for retreatment. The removal of canal filling material was performed as follows: hand files, ProTaper, D-RaCe, and R-Endo retreatment instruments. Debris extruded apically during the removal of canal filling material was collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70 degrees C for 5 days. The weight of the dry extruded debris was established by subtracting the preretreatment and postretreatment weight of the Eppendorf tubes for each group. The data obtained were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests. Results: All retreatment techniques caused the apical extrusion of debris. Hand files produced significantly more debris when compared with ProTaper, D-RaCe, and R-Endo rotary systems (P .05). Conclusions: The findings showed that during the removal of root canal filling material, rotary NiTi retreatment instruments used in this study caused less apical extrusion of debris compared with hand files

Meiofauna, microflora and geochemical properties of the late quaternary (Holocene) core sediments in the Gulf of Izmir (Eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey)

The Gulf of Izmir has seen the construction of marinas at four locations; Karsiyaka, Bayrakli, inciralti and Urla (Cesmealti). Six drilling holes have been structured for each location. Morphological abnormities observed in foraminifer tests, obtained from these core drillings, and coloring encountered in both foraminifer tests and ostracod carapeces, provide evidence of natural and unnatural environmental pollution. The objectives of this study are to identify micro and macro fauna, foraminifers in particular, contained within sediments in the above-mentioned locations; to investigate the background of pollution in the Gulf Region; and to determine pollution's impact upon benthic foraminifer and ostracods