Procjena nekih čimbenika okoliša i genetskih čimbenika (CSN3 i AGPAT6) na prinos i sastav mlijeka u sanske koze

This study was designed to determine the effect of some environmental factors on milk yield and composition in Saanen goats and the effect of CSN3 and AGPAT6 gene polymorphisms on milk production traits. Saanen goats were genotyped for milk traits, and the samples were collected during the lactation, and the milk yield/compositions of each goat were specified. In terms of the CSN3 and AGPAT6 genes, the genotypes were defined by PCR-RFLP. The milk yield (MY), lactation length (LL), protein, fat, total solid (TS), solid not fat (SNF), casein, lactose rates and yields were as follows; 388.9 ± 17.5 kg, 243 ± 5.81 days, 3.29 ± 0.05%, 3.59 ± 0.07%, 11.60 ± 0.13%, 8.43 ± 0.06%, 2.57 ± 0.04%, 4.31 ± 0.03%, 11.21 ± 0.47 kg, 12.79 ± 0.64 kg, 40.95 ± 1.82 kg, 29.53 ± 1.31 kg, 8.82 ± 0.37 kg, 15.40 ± 0.74 kg respectively. The determined genotype and allele frequencies of CSN3 and AGPAT6 gene were as follows; FF (%99.20), MF (%0.80), F (0.996), M (0.004); GG (%12), GC (%43.20), CC (%44.80), G (0.336), C (0.664). The impacts of lactation length on all milk yield parameters (protein, fat, TS, SNF, casein, lactose, MY) (PG), the herd was found to be monomorphic (FF) for the CSN3 gene. The effect of the AGPAT6 gene on milk traits in Saanen goats was determined not to be statistically significant. Environmental factors, such as maternal age and lactation length, were found to significantly affect some milk traits in Saanen goats. So consideration of factors such as maternal age or lactation length could be useful for improving breeding strategies for dairy goats.Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se odredili učinci čimbenika okoliša te učinci genskih polimorfizama CSN3 i AGPAT6 na prinos i sastav mlijeka u sanske koze. Tijekom laktacije koza provedena je genotipizacija te prikupljani uzorci za utvrđivanje prinosa i sastava mlijeka. Genotipovi gena CSN3 i AGPAT6 određeni su PCR-RFLP-om. Prinos mlijeka (MY), duljina laktacije (LL), udio proteina, udio masnoće, udio suhe tvari (TS), udio nemasne suhe tvari (SNF), udio kazeina, udio laktoze bili su kako slijedi: 388,9 ± 17,5 kg, 243 ± 5,81 dana, 3,29 ± 0,05 %, 3,59 ± 0,07 %, 11,60 ± 0,13 %, 8,43 ± 0,06 %, 2,57 ± 0,04 %, 4,31 ± 0,03 %. Prinos u kg za protein, masnoću, suhu tvar, nemasnu suhu tvar, kazein i laktozu bili su kako slijedi: 11,21 ± 0,47 kg, 12,79 ± 0,64 kg, 40,95 ± 1,82 kg, 29,53 ± 1,31 kg, 8,82 ± 0,37 kg, 15,40 ± 0,74 kg. Utvrđeni genotipovi i učestalost alela gena CSN3 i AGPAT6 bili su: FF (99,20 %), MF (0,80 %), F (0,996), M (0,004), GG (12 %), GC (43,20 %), CC (44,80 %), G (0,336), C (0,664). Statistički znakoviti utjecaji utvrđeni su za: duljinu laktacije na pokazatelje prinosa mlijeka (proteine, masnoću, TS, SNF, kazein, laktozu, MY) (P G), dok je stado za gen CSN3 bilo monomorfno (FF). Učinak gena AGPAT6 na svojstva mlijeka nije bio statistički znakovit. čimbenici kao što su dob majke i duljina laktacije znakovito su utjecali na svojstva mlijeka sanske koze, stoga bi oni mogli biti korisni za unapređenje uzgojnih strategija mliječnih pasmina koza

Asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations are elevated in women with gestational diabetes

As shown in the previous studies, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is related to endothelial dysfunction, whereas high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hCRP) is the marker of inflammation. In our study, we investigated ADMA, hCRP, and homocysteine concentrations in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) during late pregnancy. Fifty-four women with GDM and 69 women with NGT between 32 and 39 weeks of gestation were included in this study. ADMA, hCRP, homocysteine, lipid parameters, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured. The plasma ADMA concentrations were significantly higher in GDM patients than in NGT subjects (P = 0.03) and the hCRP levels were also significantly increased in GDM group when compared with those in the NGT group (P = 0.008). However, plasma homocysteine levels did not differ between the groups (P = 0.4), while HOMA-IR, insulin, and triglyceride levels were higher in the GDM group than in the NGT group (P = 0.001, 0.002, and 0.02, respectively). The ADMA concentrations in the third trimester were positively correlated with the glucose levels the 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) during 24-28 weeks in the whole group (r = 0.21, P = 0.02). Our results demonstrate that ADMA and hCRP are elevated in women with GDM during late pregnancy. Further studies are needed to clarify the significance and the underlying mechanisms of the elevated ADMA and hCRP levels in women with GDM. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Neuroimmunopathology in Toxoplasmic Encephalitis

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes mortality because of significant neuropathology. It is widespread in neonatal infections. Although the neuroimmunopathogenesis of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) has been studied for many years, it is still not completely understood, showing the disease’s severity. The urge to write this chapter comes at this stage. The sections covered in this chapter show the pathogenesis that has been established and characterized so far. The involvement of astrocytes and microglia in the development of neuropathology, which begins with tachyzoites crossing the blood-brain barrier during acute infection, has been explored. The molecular mechanism between schizophrenia and TE has been thoroughly proven. Uncovering the molecular pathogenesis of TE is critical for both understanding neuropathology and elucidating the link between neuropsychiatric diseases. Each part covered here is expected to contribute to developing novel therapeutic agents for the treatment and maybe prevention of neuropathology. The pathogenesis of the steady progression of encephalitis has been meticulously revealed. Thus, this chapter will offer significant insight into developing novel treatments for all organisms suffering from this disease

A novel form of recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophy with mental retardation and abnormal expression of alpha-dystroglycan

Cataloged from PDF version of article.The limb girdle muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by proximal muscle weakness and disease onset ranging from infancy to adulthood. We report here eight patients from seven unrelated families affected by a novel and relatively mild form of autosomal recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD2) with onset in the first decade of life and characterized by severe mental retardation but normal brain imaging. Immunocytochemical studies revealed a significant selective reduction of α-dystroglycan expression in the muscle biopsies. Linkage analysis excluded known loci for both limb girdle muscular dystrophy and congenital muscular dystrophies in the consanguineous families. We consider that this represents a novel form of muscular dystrophy with associated brain involvement. The biochemical studies suggest that it may belong to the growing number of muscular dystrophies with abnormal expression of α-dystroglycan. © 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V

temporomandibular joint

This case report presents the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a patient with a resected right mandible, caused by an accident. Right condyle, ramus, and the posterior part of ramus were affected by the accident. These structures were resected, and the mandible was positioned toward the surgical area and a facial asymmetry was occurred. The patient was treated with a bar-retained maxillar denture with a guide ramp and an implant-supported fixed mandibular prosthesis

Robust control of railway traction electric drive systems in terms of energy efficiency

In this study, firstly, the model of railway traction electric drive systems is derived analytically along with the indirect vector control approach. In such systems, there are several disturbance and uncertainty sources like varying total weight, weight distribution, environmental conditions, voltage irregularities etc. Furthermore, resistive forces that is based on curve and grade topology, tunnel effects, velocity and aerodynamics of trains directly affects the motion control problem. In order to overcome such difficulties, a new robust pole placement approach is proposed for the speed control of such systems considering the total resistive forces, the possible uncertainties that may occur. The proposed approach is based on affine linear polynomials and D-stability. A conversion is also possible from PID type controllers to PI-PD cascade controller structure in order to eliminate the effects of undesired open loop zeros. Using the proposed approach, it becomes possible to guarantee certain predetermined performance criteria corresponding to a robust performance with energy efficiency. Additionally, correctness and effectiveness of the derived theoretical results are verified via a case study

Prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with a resected right temporomandibular joint.

This case report presents the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a patient with a resected right mandible, caused by an accident. Right condyle, ramus, and the posterior part of ramus were affected by the accident. These structures were resected, and the mandible was positioned toward the surgical area and a facial asymmetry was occurred. The patient was treated with a bar-retained maxillar denture with a guide ramp and an implant-supported fixed mandibular prosthesis