THE GREEK CONFUSION WITH LABELING OF THE MACEDONINAS IN OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Abstract   In the first part of this paper we are keeping the attention at the process of forming the Greek nation-state, with focus on the self-identification on the population of the greek state, with the dilemma and the transformations in the period when the Greek national name was constitutionalised. Then, in short version, we will focused on the politics  of the Greek state regarding the Ottoman Macedonia, and then we are going to put an accent about  the thesis which is the goal of research of this paper. We will make a chronologicall view of the naming of the Macedonians from the view of the Greek state and the Greek institutions for propaganda in Ottoman Macedonia. We will make and effort to analise the process of the transformation of the naming, which is in compat with the Greek national interests and the changing of the politics for this question after the forming of the Egzarhy (1870) and the Bulgarian state (1878).   Keywords: Naming of the Macedonians, Ottoman Macedonia, Greek propaganda institutions

Националната мобилизација во Република Грција во однос на Македонското прашање

Современите аспекти на „Македонското прашање“ во голема мера се поврзани со т.н. „разлики околу името“ Република Македонија, кои со годините, еволуираа во мултидимензионален спор помеѓу Македонија и Грција, инкорпорирајќи повеќе спорни аспекти поврзувајќи во себе различни политички, семантички, културни, етнички и историски прашања. Оттука, при секое интензивирање на процесот на преговори, вклучително и протекувањето на информации во текот на преговорите, или склучувањето на т.н. Преспански договор, беа проследени со одредено ниво на флуктуирачка чувствителност и мобилизација на граѓаните, делови на граѓанскиот сектор, но и одредени (полу)независни институции во двете држави, при што истите себе си се определуваат како „заштитници на нацијата“. Следејќи ја динамиката на текот на настаните, во овој труд ќе се направи обид за компаративна анализа на прашањата за генерирање на политичка мобилизација во Грција, поврзани со „Македонското прашање“. Преку ваквите анализи се обезбедува контекстуална опсервација на реакциите на грчкото јавно мислење за процесот на преговори помеѓу официјалните Влади на Македонија и Грција. Притоа, се опфатени новите процеси на преговарање од 2017 година, проследени со масовни собири и протести во Атина и Солун во почетокот на 2018 година, а во услови на презентирање на последните идеи во тој период на специјалниот претставник на ООН Метју Нимиц. Клучни зборови: Македонско прашање, политичка мобилизација, Македонија, Грција, спорот за името

Hypoxia Impairs Initial Outgrowth of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells and Reduces Their Proliferative and Sprouting Potential

Vascular homeostasis and regeneration in ischemic tissue relies on intrinsic competence of the tissue to rapidly recruit endothelial cells for vascularization. The mononuclear cell (MNC) fraction of blood contains circulating progenitors committed to endothelial lineage. These progenitors give rise to endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) that actively participate in neovascularization of ischemic tissue. To evaluate if the initial clonal outgrowth of ECFCs from cord (CB) and peripheral blood (PB) was stimulated by hypoxic conditions, MNCs obtained from CB and PB were subjected to 20 and 1% O2 cell culture conditions. Clonal outgrowth was followed during a 30 day incubation period. Hypoxia impaired the initial outgrowth of ECFC colonies from CB and also reduced their number that were developing from PB MNCs. Three days of oxygenation (20% O2) prior to hypoxia could overcome the initial CB-ECFC outgrowth. Once proliferating and subcultured the CB-ECFCs growth was only modestly affected by hypoxia; proliferation of PB-ECFCs was reduced to a similar extent (18–30% reduction). Early passages of subcultured CB- and PB-ECFCs contained only viable cells and few if any senescent cells. Tube formation by subcultured PB-ECFCs was also markedly inhibited by continuous exposure to 1% O2. Gene expression profiles point to regulation of the cell cycle and metabolism as major altered gene clusters. Finally we discuss our counterintuitive observations in the context of the important role that hypoxia has in promoting neovascularization

neutronimaging/imagingsuite: Small fixes related to file handling

<p>Save volume issue has been solved.</p> <h2>Known issues</h2> <ul> <li>Cone beam reconstruction may crash on windows</li> <li>Scattering correction with black bodies does not run on windows.</li> </ul> <p>Fixed issues</p> <ul> <li>#573</li> <li>#597</li> </ul&gt

CD34 expression modulates tube-forming capacity and barrier properties of peripheral blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs)

Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) are grown from circulating CD34(+) progenitors present in adult peripheral blood, but during in vitro expansion part of the cells lose CD34. To evaluate whether the regulation of CD34 characterizes the angiogenic phenotypical features of PB-ECFCs, we investigated the properties of CD34(+) and CD34(−) ECFCs with respect to their ability to form capillary-like tubes in 3D fibrin matrices, tip-cell gene expression, and barrier integrity. Selection of CD34(+) and CD34(−) ECFCs from subcultured ECFCs was accomplished by magnetic sorting (FACS: CD34(+): 95 % pos; CD34(−): 99 % neg). Both fractions proliferated at same rate, while CD34(+) ECFCs exhibited higher tube-forming capacity and tip-cell gene expression than CD3(4−) cells. However, during cell culture CD34(−) cells re-expressed CD34. Cell-seeding density, cell–cell contact formation, and serum supplements modulated CD34 expression. CD34 expression in ECFCs was strongly suppressed by newborn calf serum. Stimulation with FGF-2, VEGF, or HGF prepared in medium supplemented with 3 % albumin did not change CD34 mRNA or surface expression. Silencing of CD34 with siRNA resulted in strengthening of cell–cell contacts and increased barrier function of ECFC monolayers as measured by ECIS. Furthermore, CD34 siRNA reduced tube formation by ECFC, but did not affect tip-cell gene expression. These findings demonstrate that CD34(+) and CD34(−) cells are different phenotypes of similar cells and that CD34 (1) can be regulated in ECFC; (2) is positively involved in capillary-like sprout formation; (3) is associated but not causally related to tip-cell gene expression; and (4) can affect endothelial barrier function. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10456-016-9506-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Mantid Imaging

Mantid Imaging is a graphical toolkit for performing 3D reconstruction of neutron tomography data. It provides an easy-to-use graphical interface to a wide range of pre/post-processing operations, tilt correction and reconstruction algorithms, accommodating for tomography users with varying data complexity and image analysis background knowledge. It utilises a flexible plugin system that allows easy integration of external software, and has allowed us to re-use software widely known in the neutron tomography community.If you use this software, please cite it as below

Long-Term Expansion in Platelet Lysate Increases Growth of Peripheral Blood-Derived Endothelial-Colony Forming Cells and Their Growth Factor-Induced Sprouting Capacity

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Efficient implementation of peripheral blood-derived endothelial-colony cells (PB-ECFCs) as a therapeutical tool requires isolation and generation of a sufficient number of cells in <i>ex vivo</i> conditions devoid of animal-derived products. At present, little is known how the isolation and expansion procedure in xenogeneic-free conditions affects the therapeutical capacity of PB-ECFCs.</p><p>Results</p><p>The findings presented in this study indicate that human platelet lysate (PL) as a serum substitute yields twice more colonies per mL blood compared to the conventional isolation with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Isolated ECFCs displayed a higher proliferative ability in PL supplemented medium than cells in FBS medium during 30 days expansion. The cells at 18 cumulative population doubling levels (CPDL) retained their proliferative capacity, showed higher sprouting ability in fibrin matrices upon stimulation with FGF-2 and VEGF-A than the cells at 6 CPDL, and displayed low β-galactosidase activity. The increased sprouting of PB-ECFCs at 18 CPDL was accompanied by an intrinsic activation of the uPA/uPAR fibrinolytic system. Induced deficiency of uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) or uPAR (uPA receptor) by siRNA technology completely abolished the angiogenic ability of PB-ECFCs in fibrin matrices. During the serial expansion, the gene induction of the markers associated with inflammatory activation such as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 did not occur or only to limited extent. While further propagation up to 31 CPDL proceeded at a comparable rate, a marked upregulation of inflammatory markers occurred in all donors accompanied by a further increase of uPA/uPAR gene induction. The observed induction of inflammatory genes at later stages of long-term propagation of PB-ECFCs underpins the necessity to determine the right time-point for harvesting of sufficient number of cells with preserved therapeutical potential.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The presented isolation method and subsequent cell expansion in platelet lysate supplemented culture medium permits suitable large-scale propagation of PB-ECFC. For optimal use of PB-ECFCs in clinical settings, our data suggest that 15–20 CPDL is the most adequate maturation stage.</p></div

Blood Outgrowth and Proliferation of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells are Related to Markers of Disease Severity in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), lung-angioproliferation leads to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, while simultaneous myocardial microvessel loss contributes to right ventricular (RV) failure. Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC) are highly proliferative, angiogenic cells that may contribute to either pulmonary vascular obstruction or to RV microvascular adaptation. We hypothesize ECFC phenotypes (outgrowth, proliferation, tube formation) are related to markers of disease severity in a prospective cohort-study of 33 PAH and 30 healthy subjects. ECFC were transplanted in pulmonary trunk banded rats with RV failure. The presence of ECFC outgrowth in PAH patients was associated with low RV ejection fraction, low central venous saturation and a shorter time to clinical worsening (5.4 months (0.6–29.2) vs. 36.5 months (7.4–63.4), p = 0.032). Functionally, PAH ECFC had higher proliferative rates compared to control in vitro, although inter-patient variability was high. ECFC proliferation was inversely related to RV end diastolic volume (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.018), but not pulmonary vascular resistance. Tube formation-ability was similar among donors. Normal and highly proliferative PAH ECFC were transplanted in pulmonary trunk banded rats. While no effect on hemodynamic measurements was observed, RV vascular density was restored. In conclusion, we found that ECFC outgrowth associates with high clinical severity in PAH, suggesting recruitment. Transplantation of highly proliferative ECFC restored myocardial vascular density in pulmonary trunk banded rats, while RV functional improvements were not observed