289 research outputs found
The Social Transformation of Coffee Houses: The Emergence of Chain Establishments and the Private Nature of Usage
Ray Oldenburg (1989) developed the concept of third places as environments that offer friendship and a sense of community. However, the idealized image of the coffee house may need revision. In recent decades coffee houses have transformed from small-scale businesses to corporate-owned franchises, and with the advent of personal electronic devices many people now use them to work rather than to socialize. Using unobtrusive observation data from three independently-owned and three chain-based coffee houses in the Boston area, this research examines the ways in which modern coffee houses live up to or defy Oldenburg’s social expectations of a third place. Two key findings reveal that: 1) people increasingly use coffee houses as both a social sphere and a private zone to work, read, and use electronic devices; and 2) chain coffee houses, though often criticized for their sanitized lack of character, may better meet customers’ new third place needs by providing a wider variety of amenities (e.g., types of seating, food, and media) and free services that are in high demand (e.g., Wi-Fi)
The Social Transformation of Coffee Houses: The Emergence of Chain Establishments and the Private Nature of Usage
Ray Oldenburg (1989) developed the concept of third places as environments that offer friendship and a sense of community. However, the idealized image of the coffee house may need revision. In recent decades coffee houses have transformed from small-scale businesses to corporate-owned franchises, and with the advent of personal electronic devices many people now use them to work rather than to socialize. Using unobtrusive observation data from three independently-owned and three chain-based coffee houses in the Boston area, this research examines the ways in which modern coffee houses live up to or defy Oldenburg’s social expectations of a third place. Two key findings reveal that: 1) people increasingly use coffee houses as both a social sphere and a private zone to work, read, and use electronic devices; and 2) chain coffee houses, though often criticized for their sanitized lack of character, may better meet customers’ new third place needs by providing a wider variety of amenities (e.g., types of seating, food, and media) and free services that are in high demand (e.g., Wi-Fi)
Status, emotional displays, and the relationally-based evaluation of criminals and their behavior
This research uses status characteristics theory to expand our knowledge of the effects of
status variables (e.g., race, education) and emotional displays on the antecedents of sentencing
– evaluations of offender dangerousness and offense seriousness. We present a theoretical
formulation that combines three areas of status characteristics research – reward
expectations, individual evaluative settings and valued personal characteristics. The result
is a quantitative measure that aggregates relative differences in demographic and emotional
characteristics between offenders and their victims. The significance of this expectation
advantage measure (e) in predicting evaluations of offender dangerousness and
offense severity is tested using data from a vignette study. We find empirical support that
expectation advantage significantly predicts these sentencing antecedents but not sentencing
outcomes directly. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for
future status and criminological research.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ssresearchhb201
Assessing the impact of status information conveyance on the distribution of negative rewards : a preliminary test and model
PURPOSE : To determine the role of status information conveyance in a negative reward allocation setting. METHODOLOGY : Using previously published experimental data we test the relative effects of status information conveyed by expressive and indicative status cues on the allocation of a negative reward. Further, we construct an alternative graph theoretic model of expectation advantage which is also tested to determine its model fit relative to the classic model of Reward Expectations Theory. FINDINGS : Results provide strong support for the conclusion that status information conveyed by expressive status cues influences reward allocations more than information conveyed by indicative cues. We also find evidence that our alternative graph theoretic model of expectation advantage improves model fit. ORIGINALITY : This research is the first to test the relative impact of expressive versus indicative status cues on the allocation of negative rewards and shows that status characteristics can have differential impacts on these allocations contingent on how characteristics are conveyed. Furthermore, the research suggests a graph theoretic model that allows for this differentiation based on information conveyance and provides empirical support for its structure in a negative reward allocation environment. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS : Future research is required to validate the results in positive reward situations. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS : The results show that an individual’s expectations are altered by varying the manner in which status information is presented thereby influencing the construction and maintenance of status hierarchies and the inequalities those structures generate. Thus, this research has implications for any group or evaluative task where status processes are relevant.http://www.emeraldinsight.com/series/agphb2017Economic
Isolation of Flow and Nonflow Correlations by Two- and Four-Particle Cumulant Measurements of Azimuthal Harmonics in 200 GeV Au+Au Collisions
A data-driven method was applied to measurements of Au+Au collisions at
200 GeV made with the STAR detector at RHIC to isolate
pseudorapidity distance -dependent and -independent
correlations by using two- and four-particle azimuthal cumulant measurements.
We identified a component of the correlation that is -independent,
which is likely dominated by anisotropic flow and flow fluctuations. It was
also found to be independent of within the measured range of
pseudorapidity . The relative flow fluctuation was found to be for particles of transverse momentum
less than GeV/. The -dependent part may be attributed to
nonflow correlations, and is found to be relative to the
flow of the measured second harmonic cumulant at
Azimuthal anisotropy in U+U and Au+Au collisions at RHIC
Collisions between prolate uranium nuclei are used to study how particle
production and azimuthal anisotropies depend on initial geometry in heavy-ion
collisions. We report the two- and four-particle cumulants, and
, for charged hadrons from U+U collisions at =
193 GeV and Au+Au collisions at = 200 GeV. Nearly fully
overlapping collisions are selected based on the amount of energy deposited by
spectators in the STAR Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDCs). Within this sample, the
observed dependence of on multiplicity demonstrates that ZDC
information combined with multiplicity can preferentially select different
overlap configurations in U+U collisions. An initial-state model with gluon
saturation describes the slope of as a function of multiplicity in
central collisions better than one based on Glauber with a two-component
multiplicity model.Comment: Final paper version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. New
version includes comparisons to a constituent quark glauber mode
Centrality and transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow of multi-strange hadrons and meson in Au+Au collisions at = 200 GeV
We present high precision measurements of elliptic flow near midrapidity
() for multi-strange hadrons and meson as a function of
centrality and transverse momentum in Au+Au collisions at center of mass energy
200 GeV. We observe that the transverse momentum dependence of
and is similar to that of and , respectively,
which may indicate that the heavier strange quark flows as strongly as the
lighter up and down quarks. This observation constitutes a clear piece of
evidence for the development of partonic collectivity in heavy-ion collisions
at the top RHIC energy. Number of constituent quark scaling is found to hold
within statistical uncertainty for both 0-30 and 30-80 collision
centrality. There is an indication of the breakdown of previously observed mass
ordering between and proton at low transverse momentum in the
0-30 centrality range, possibly indicating late hadronic interactions
affecting the proton .Comment: 7 pages and 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Physical Review
Letter
Observation of charge asymmetry dependence of pion elliptic flow and the possible chiral magnetic wave in heavy-ion collisions
We present measurements of and elliptic flow, , at
midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at 200, 62.4, 39, 27,
19.6, 11.5 and 7.7 GeV, as a function of event-by-event charge asymmetry,
, based on data from the STAR experiment at RHIC. We find that
() elliptic flow linearly increases (decreases) with charge asymmetry
for most centrality bins at and higher.
At , the slope of the difference of
between and as a function of exhibits a
centrality dependence, which is qualitatively similar to calculations that
incorporate a chiral magnetic wave effect. Similar centrality dependence is
also observed at lower energies.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
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