Nanocrystallization of Rare Tolbutamide Form V in Mesoporous MCM-41 Silica

Encapsulation of pharmaceuticals inside nanoporous materials is of increasing interest due to their possible applications as new generation therapeutics, theranostic platforms, or smart devices. Mesoporous silicas are leading materials to be used as nanohosts for pharmaceuticals. Further development of new generation of nanoscale therapeutics requires complete understanding of the complex host−guest interactions of organic molecules confined in nanosized chambers at different length scales. In this context, we present results showing control over formation and phase transition of nanosize crystals of model flexible pharmaceutical molecule tolbutamide confined inside 3.2 nm pores of the MCM-41 host. Using low loading levels (up to 30 wt %), we were able to stabilize the drug in highly dynamic amorphous/disordered state or direct the crystallization of the drug into highly metastable nanocrystalline form V of tolbutamide (at loading levels of 40 and 50 wt %), providing first experimental evidence for crystallization of pharmaceuticals inside the pores as narrow as 3.2 nm

Dr Preeti Malhotra: Assistant professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pacific Institute of Medical sciences, Udaipur.

Objective- Knowing the ideal levels of T3, T4, FT3, FT4 and TSH for each pregnancy trimester is the goal. Methodology-The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences in Udaipur treated 150 patients (obstetric cases) for the current longitudinal research. The following parameters were examined for in a fasting blood sample: T3 (Triiodothyronine) (Triiodothyronine). T4 (Thyroxine), FT3, FT4 and TSH, (Thyrotropin Stimulating Hormone). Results- As a result, thyroid profile readings in every group (I, II and III trimester) were increased and were maximum in second group or second trimester followed by third. The levels above the normal range were in 39 (12+12+15) women of all the groups. In conclusion, the second trimester of pregnancy saw the greatest increase in thyroid hormones readings. Thyroid profile was lower during the first trimester, particularly at par during the second, and decreased in third trimester.&nbsp

Rationalizing Defective Biomimetic Ceria: In vitro Demonstration of a Potential “Trojan horse” Nanozyme Based-Platform Leveraging Photo-Redox Activities for Minimally Invasive Therapy

Metal oxide nanostructures with surface-defect mediated chemistry have garnered pronounced interest due to the influence of these defects in tuning the photo-induced intracellular bio-catalytic (enzyme-mimicking) responses. However, designing defective nanozymes with pH-responsive multi-bio-catalytic functions without any dopants is challenging. Herein, oxygen-deficient “trojan horse-like” folate-functionalized, L-arginine-coated ceria (FA-L-arg-CeO2) nanozymes with synergistic multi-enzyme-mimicking and anti-cancer potential are introduced. The nanozymes possessed enhanced surface oxygen vacancies (VO●), strategically created under kinetically favourable synthesis conditions. Increased surface VO● promoted band structure reconstruction and amplified photochemical-response efficacy under single laser irradiation (808 nm), outperforming the defect-free commercial nano-CeO2 in rapid anti-tumorigenic activities. Through folate receptor-mediated endocytosis, these biostable nanozymes localized in MDA-MB-231 cells (84% in 48 h) and demonstrated NIR-accelerated enzymatic functions depending on the pH of the biological milieu. The reduced band gap energy facilitated effective electron-hole separation, up-regulating in vitro photo-redox reactions that impart exceptional therapeutic potential and inhibit 62% cell metastasis within only 12 h. By perturbing intratumoural redox homeostasis, VO●-rich FA-L-arg-CeO2 nanozymes unanimously killed 86% of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells while preferentially shielding benign L929 cells. Unlike conventional drug-loaded or dopant-incorporated CeO2 nanoplatforms, these defective multi-modal nanozymes unravel a new avenue for developing smart, low-cost, bio-active agents with enhanced efficacy and bio-safety

Various prosthetic rehabilitation for mucormycosis

Mucormycosis is a form of fungal infection that is invasive and rapidly progressive, thereby including nose and paranasal sinuses of the head and neck region with high mortality and morbidity. Compromised immunity such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, Leukaemia, long-term use of steroids are the most common causes of the disease. Acute surgical resection is performed that involves the resectioning of the affected maxillofacial structures such as orbit, maxilla and / or nose in such conditions. Prosthodontic rehabilitation of these large maxillofacial defects is challenging. Lack of retention due to dislodging forces exerted by scarred post-surgical soft tissues, lack of bony base, missing structures of the posterior palatal seal area, multiple defect sites and compromised medical status due to comorbidities are the numerous problems are encountered during the rehabilitation of such defects. The basic principle of any prosthetic rehabilitation design includes the preservation of the remaining natural tissues along with retention, stability, support, and aesthetics. Fixed or Removable Prosthodontic rehabilitation can be performed depending on the available supporting structures. &nbsp

19F NMR spectroscopy as a highly sensitive method for the direct monitoring of confined crystallization within nanoporous materials

Introduction of fluorine in the structure of pharmaceuticals has been an effective strategy for tuning their pharmacodynamic properties with more than 40 new drugs accessing the market in last 15 years. In this context 19F NMR can be viewed as a useful probe for investigating the host-guest chemistry of pharmaceuticals in nanosize drug delivery systems. Although the interest in confined crystallisation, nanosize devices and porous catalysts is gradually increasing, understanding of the complex phase behavior of organic molecules confined within nano-chambers or nano-reactors is still lacking. Using 19F MAS NMR, we achieved detailed mechanistic insight into the crystallization of flufenamic acid (FFA) in a confined environment of mesoporous silicas with different pore diameters (3.2 to 29 nm), providing a direct experimental proof of the formation of a molecular liquid-like layer in addition to the crystalline confined FFA form I