Courts Must Give Adequate Consideration to Statutory Sentencing Factors: United States v. Olhovsky

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A self-dual complete resolution

We construct a self-dual complete resolution of a module defined by a pair of embedded complete intersection ideals in a local ring. Our construction is based on a gluing construction of Herzog and Martsinkovsky and exploits the structure of Koszul homology in the embedded complete intersection case. As a consequence of our construction, we produce an isomorphism between certain stable homology and cohomology modules.Comment: 13 pages, final version (to appear in J. Algebra Appl.

Koszul Homology and Resolutions over Commutative Rings

The Koszul homology algebra of a commutative local (or graded) ring R tends to reflect important information about the ring R and its properties. We examine Koszul homology and the relationship between Koszul homology and minimal free resolutions in various settings. We provide tools which allow one to view Koszul homology in a concrete way, and use these tools in a number of applications. One setting in which we examine Koszul homology is provided by the notion of J-closed modules. We introduce this new class of modules and present explicit formulas for the generators of Koszul homology with coefficients in such modules. This generalizes work of Herzog and of Corso, Goto, Huneke, Polini, and Ulrich. We use these formulas to study connections between J-closed ideals and the ideals by which they were inspired, namely, weak complete intersection ideals. As another application of such formulas, we study the Koszul homology algebra of quotients by edge ideals. We show that the Koszul homology algebra of a quotient by the edge ideal of a forest is generated by the lowest linear strand. This provides an answer, for such rings, to a question of Avramov about the Koszul homology algebra of a Koszul algebra. In order to obtain this result, we explicitly construct the minimal graded free resolution of the quotient by an edge ideal of a tree. We also use these formulas to construct a self-dual complete resolution of a module defined by a pair of embedded complete intersection ideals in a local ring. The existence of such a complete resolution gives an isomorphism between certain stable homology and cohomology modules

Implementation Of Fuzzy Logic Control Into An Equivalent Minimization Strategy For Adaptive Energy Management Of A Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

As government agencies continue to tighten emissions regulations due to the continued increase in greenhouse gas production, automotive industries are seeking to produce increasingly efficient vehicle technology. Electric vehicles have been introduced by the industry, showing promising signs of reducing emissions production in the automotive sector. However, many consumers may be hesitant to purchase fully electric vehicles due to several uncertainty variables including available charging stations. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced to reduce problems while improving fuel economy. HEVs have led to the demand of creating more advanced controls software to consider multiple components for propulsive power in a vehicle. A large section in the software development process is the implementation of an optimal energy management strategy meant to improve the overall fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Optimal strategies can be implemented when driving conditions are known a prior. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is an optimal control strategy that uses an equivalence factor to equate electrical to mechanical power when performing torque split determination between the internal combustion engine and electric motor for propulsive and regenerative torque. This equivalence factor is determined from offline vehicle simulations using a sensitivity analysis to provide optimal fuel economy results while maintaining predetermined high voltage battery state of charge (SOC) constraints. When the control hierarchy is modified or different driving styles are applied, the analysis must be redone to update the equivalence factor. The goal of this work is to implement a fuzzy logic controller that dynamically updates the equivalence factor to improve fuel economy, maintain a strict charge sustaining window of operation for the high voltage battery, and reduce computational time required during algorithm development. The adaptive algorithm is validated against global optimum fuel economy and charge sustaining results from a sensitivity analysis performed for multiple drive cycles. Results show a maximum fuel economy improvement of 9.82% when using a mild driving style and a 95% success rate when maintaining an ending SOC within 5% regardless of starting SOC. Recommendations for modification of the fuzzy logic controller are made to produce additional fuel economy and charge sustaining benefits from the parallel hybrid vehicle model

APPARATUS FOR THE STUDY OF FISSION-GAS RELEASE FROM NEUTRON-ACTIVATED FUELED GRAPHITE

A simple laboratory apparatus for the study of fissiongas release from neutron-activated fueled graphite was developed. Xenon-133 released from a heated specimen is carried in a helium sweep gas to a charcoal trap, where the accumulated activity is monitored continuously by a scintillation detector, ratemeter, and pen recorder. The maximum specimen temperature (2500 deg F) is achieved in 10 min with an induction heater. All instrumentation is commercially available. Data for several neutron-activated fueled-graphite specimens heated in the range from 800 to 2500 deg F are presented to illustrate the typical results obtained with the apparatus. (auth

ALUMINA COATING OF UOsup2sup 2 SHOT BY HYDROLYSIS OF ALUMINUM CHLORIDE VAPOR

Uniform, dense coatings of alumina about 5 to 150 mu thick were applied to uranium dioxide particles 44 to 350 mu in diameter by hydrolysis of aluminum chloride vapor in a fluidized bed of the particles at 1830 deg F. The coated particles were resistant to nitric acid leaching, to oxidation in 1830 deg F air, and to thermal cycling from 6OO to 2500 deg F. After low neutron exposures, the coated particles showed excellent fission-gas retention at temperatures up to 2400 deg F in inert gas. Although not optimized in the study, the coating process appears to have commercial feasibility. (auth

Charles Willson Peale’s Philadelphia Museum Portraits, 1782 to 1827

This essay discusses the eighteenth-century Philadelphia Museum of artist Charles Willson Peale, and particularly the numerous portraits, including those of French military commanders, painted for it. Inspired by eighteenth-century Enlightenment ideals celebrating humankind’s capacity to learn and use new information, Peale conceived his Philadelphia Museum. In it Peale intended the works of man and nature to co-exist for the edification of all. The Philadelphia Museum, Peale said, served “to instruct the mind and sow the seeds of Virtue” in the new, American republic. During the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries, Peale and his family filled the museum with hundreds of painted portraits, thousands of natural history specimens, minerals, models, Asian and American Indian artefacts, archaeological objects, life-sized wax figures, fossils and curiosities, all exhibited to an international public.Cet article traite du musée de Philadelphie au xviiie siècle, créé par le peintre Charles Willson Peale, et en particulier des nombreux portraits, y compris ceux de commandants français, qu’il avait réalisés spécialement pour le musée. Peale s’est inspiré de la philosophie des Lumières qui célèbre la capacité de l’humanité à apprendre et à exploiter de nouvelles connaissances. Il voulait que les œuvres de l’homme et de la nature coexistent pour l'édification de tous. Le musée avait pour mission d’« instruire l’esprit et semer les graines de la vertu » dans la nouvelle république américaine. À la fin du xviiie et au début du xixe siècle, Peale et sa famille ont accumulé et présenté à un public international des collections très variées : une centaine de portraits peints, des milliers de spécimens d’histoire naturelle, des minéraux, des maquettes, des objets d’art asiatiques et amérindiens, des objets archéologiques, des figures de cire grandeur nature, des fossiles et des objets de curiosité divers