448 research outputs found

    Topological interactions between ring polymers: Implications for chromatin loops

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    Chromatin looping is a major epigenetic regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes. Besides its role in transcriptional regulation, chromatin loops have been proposed to play a pivotal role in the segregation of entire chromosomes. The detailed topological and entropic forces between loops still remain elusive. Here, we quantitatively determine the potential of mean force between the centers of mass of two ring polymers, i.e. loops. We find that the transition from a linear to a ring polymer induces a strong increase in the entropic repulsion between these two polymers. On top, topological interactions such as the non-catenation constraint further reduce the number of accessible conformations of close-by ring polymers by about 50%, resulting in an additional effective repulsion. Furthermore, the transition from linear to ring polymers displays changes in the conformational and structural properties of the system. In fact, ring polymers adopt a markedly more ordered and aligned state than linear ones. The forces and accompanying changes in shape and alignment between ring polymers suggest an important regulatory function of such a topology in biopolymers. We conjecture that dynamic loop formation in chromatin might act as a versatile control mechanism regulating and maintaining different local states of compaction and order.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures. The article has been accepted by The Journal Of Chemical Physics. After it is published, it will be found at http://jcp.aip.or

    Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡΠΌΠΎΡ„Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡŽΡ€Ρ‹ ΠŸΠ΅ΡΡ†ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мСстороТдСния

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    Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡΠΌΠΎΡ„Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠŸΠ΅ΡΡ†ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ‚Π΅Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ мСстороТдСнии Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ пространствСнной сСйсморазвСдки с использованиСм ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² гСофизичСских исслСдований скваТин ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдования ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π½Π°. БСйсмичСскиС структурныС ΠΈ литологичСскиС ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΡŽΡ€ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ пСрспСктивно нСфтСгазоносных Π½Π° мСстороТдСнии. По ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ сСйсмогСологичСского модСлирования прослСТСны ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ палСорусловых ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° мСстороТдСнии высокодСбитными ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’ΠΈΠΏ Ρ„Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‘Π½ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρƒ скваТин

    A simple algorithm for distance estimation without radar and stereo vision based on the bionic principle of bee eyes

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    Simple navigation algorithms are needed for small autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). These algorithms can be implemented in a small microprocessor with low power consumption. This will help to reduce the weight of the UAVs computing equipment and to increase the flight range. The proposed algorithm uses only the number of opaque channels (ommatidia in bees) through which a target can be seen by moving an observer from location 1 to 2 toward the target. The distance estimation is given relative to the distance between locations 1 and 2. The simple scheme of an appositional compound eye to develop calculation formula is proposed. The distance estimation error analysis shows that it decreases with an increase of the total number of opaque channels to a certain limit. An acceptable error of about 2 % is achieved with the angle of view from 3 to 10Β° when the total number of opaque channels is 21600

    БистСма контроля качСства производства ΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ

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    Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΡ€Ρ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ панСль, ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π΅ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ вСсь тСхнологичСский процСсс изготовлСния ΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ контроля любого ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π° кабСля ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°. Π’ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ обСспСчСнии ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° нСчСткая Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ ΠΎΡ‚ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ производствСнного процСсса ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ дСйствия ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°

    Об источниках вСщСства Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСстороТдСний ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² рассСяния

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    На основС сопоставлСния разностСй ΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ с ΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ€ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСстороТдСниях ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ элСмСнты, для ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… эта Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°. Высокая коррСляция Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ этих разностСй с Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ содСрТаниями элСмСнтов Π² Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π°Ρ… ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ… рассСяния ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ источником этих элСмСнтов ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. НаличиС Π² структурС всСх ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСстороТдСний ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ элСмСнтов ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ происходит Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ пСрСнос элСмСнтов осущСствляСтся ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ растворами, Π° ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ - Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ нСравновСсного состояния ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ

    Conformational properties of compact polymers

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    Monte Carlo simulations of coarse-grained polymers provide a useful tool to deepen the understanding of conformational and statistical properties of polymers both in physical as well as in biological systems. In this study we sample compact conformations on a cubic LxLxL lattice with different occupancy fractions by modifying a recently proposed algorithm. The system sizes studied extend up to N=256000 monomers, going well beyond the limits of older publications on compact polymers. We analyze several conformational properties of these polymers, including segment correlations and screening of excluded volume. Most importantly we propose a scaling law for the end-to-end distance distribution and analyze the moments of this distribution. It shows universality with respect to different occupancy fractions, i.e. system densities. We further analyze the distance distribution between intrachain segments, which turns out to be of great importance for biological experiments. We apply these new findings to the problem of chromatin folding inside interphase nuclei and show that -- although chromatin is in a compacted state -- the classical theory of compact polymers does not explain recent experimental results

    Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ кибСрпсихологии ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² судСбно-психологичСской экспСртизы

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