Atlas Uncovering Territories in Bogotá

The maps and essays in this atlas offer a new view on the urban expansion of Bogotá and the process of the metropolitanization of the Sabana de Bogotá. The cartographic results of two doctoral thesis focus on the spatial-morphological transformation of Bogotá and the territory of the Sabana (Arturo Calderón Esteban), and zooms of the six former villages Usme, Bosa, Fontibón, Engativá, Suba, and Usaquén (Alissa Diesch). The understanding and representation of the Sabana de Bogotá as a historically grown, coherent territory enables new and creative visioning for the region. Reading the former villages as historic centralities facilitates a new perspective on the urbanisation process and highlights the dynamics of the poly-centric network the metropolitan region is inscribed in. It sheds light on places that are often considered peripheral and passively devoured by the expanding city, working out their individual character and formative role in the metropolitanization process and the contemporary city. Additionally, the atlas sheds light on the agency and persistence of the historically grown structures, creating a simultaneity of different times in the presence and a resource for the future

Trueque Based Urbanism

Usme is a village and former municipality in the south of Bogotá. Urbanisation has transformed the social and spatial structure of the village deeply. Agrarian production and distribution has been affected strongly by the global trend of industrialisation of agriculture and changing agents in the field during the second half of the twentieth century, while at the same time a significant share of the area of the former municipality turned urban. Both processes are analysed in a parallel way with a focus on overlooked existing and changing relations and potentials of food cycles between rural and urban inhabitants and challenges regarding production and distribution of agrarian goods. The problems and solutions of food flows could represent alternative benchmarks for the sustainable future of the urban expansion area between the rural and the urban part of Usme. This analysis is developed in the framework of my PhD Thesis

Recognition of a territory: the forgotten cultural heritage of Bogotá’s villages

Due to the extreme growth of Bogotá in the second half of the 20th century, part of the city now consists of six former villages. These prior rural sites demonstrate an equally long settlement history similar to the historic center of Bogotá. However, in a research project realized at the Universidad La Gran Colombia came to light, that they are not fully established as rural-urban heritage of the city and the memory of these sites is in danger to be forgotten. The morphological transition of these former rural sites from rural to urban space will be studied and collective memory of social and symbolic transformations will be made visible by PAR methods. This processes can lead to a more heterogeneous perception of heritage could thereby contribute to a multilayered construction of identity. Representations of the territory of Bogotá drawn by students will be analyzed

Stationary in-situ measurements of aerosols, gaseous pollutants and meteorology : chemical and physical characterization of natural and anthropogenic sources

Natural and anthropogenic emissions of gaseous and particulate matter affect the chemical composition of the atmosphere, impact visibility, air quality, clouds and climate. Concerning climate, a comprehensive characterization of the emergence, composition and transformation of aerosol particles is relevant as their influence on the radiation budget is still rarely understood. Regarding air quality and therefore human health, the formation of atmospheric aerosol particles is of particular importance as freshly formed, small particles penetrate into the human alveolar region and can deposit. Additionally, due to the long residence times of aerosol particles in the atmosphere it is crucial to examine their chemical and physical characteristics.This cumulative dissertation deals with stationary measurements of particles, trace gases and meteorological parameters during the DOMINO (Diel Oxidant Mechanism In relation to Nitrogen Oxide) campaign at the southwest coast of Spain in November/December 2008 and the ship emission campaign on the banks of the Elbe in Freiburg/Elbe in April 2011. Measurements were performed using the Mobile research Laboratory â MoLaâ which is equipped with state-of-the-art aerosol particle and trace gas instruments as well as a meteorological station.Natürliche und anthropogene Emissionen von Gasen und Partikeln beeinflussen die chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre und wirken sich auf die Sichtverhältnisse, die Luftqualität und das Klima aus. Bezüglich des Klimas ist eine umfassende Charakterisierung der Entstehung, Zusammensetzung und Umwandlung von Aerosolpartikeln relevant da deren Einfluss auf den Strahlungsantrieb mit sehr großen Unsicherheiten verbunden ist. Besondere Bedeutung im Hinblick auf die Gesundheit spielt die Bildung von atmosphärischen Aerosolpartikeln da vor allem frisch gebildete, kleine Partikel in die Alveolen gelangen und sich absetzen können. Auch aufgrund ihrer langen Aufenthaltsdauer in der Atmosphäre ist es wichtig chemische und physikalische Aerosolpartikeleigenschaften zu untersuchen. Diese kumulative Dissertation konzentriert sich auf die stationären Untersuchungen von Partikeln, Spurengasen und meteorologischen Parametern während der DOMINO (Diel Oxidant Mechanism In relation to Nitrogen Oxide) Kampagne an der südwest-atlantischen Küste von Spanien im November/Dezember 2008 sowie der Schiffsemissionsmesskampagne am Elbeufer in Freiburg im April 2011. Die Messungen wurden mit einem Mobilen Aerosolforschungs-Labor â MoLaâ , das mit modernsten Aerosolpartikel- und Spurengas-Instrumenten und einer meteorologischen Station ausgestattet ist, durchgeführt.290 S

Production and Environmental Simulations for Livestock Housing

An animal\u27s environment is affected by all surrounding conditions. The thermal environment; the effects of air temperature, moisture, and velocity balanced with animal heat and moisture production, is part of the total environment. It is one of the most important influences of an animal\u27s surroundings since 25 to 40 percent of an animal\u27s gross feed energy is converted to heat and moisture loss to the environment. Poor livestock thermal environments occur because of poor livestock structures. A structure with the correct thermal environment will provide conditions such that the homeothermic animal will be in a zone of thermal comfort. If the animal’s thermal environment falls below the zone of thermal comfort, cold stress takes place and the animal increases heat production which decreases animal weight gain. To achieve proper conditions, the building must be correctly constructed and ventilated. The building construction and ventilation system are interdependent between them to provide a zone of livestock structures, presently, are harmony must occur thermal comfort constructed under design generalities. Specifications in ventilation type and construction remain virtually the same throughout a climatic area. Design temperatures and animal heat production values are generalized to constant values. Seasonal temperature and moisture highs and lows can cause stress to an animal in a structure designed for a region\u27s general climate. A simulation of interior environmental conditions throughout the animal\u27s life span would aid in the proper construction and ventilation of an individual structure by considering the varying effects of animal heat and moisture production. in conjunction with climatic variation. These effects change quickly through the animal\u27s life span. Better control is needed to follow these variables to properly match building construction with the ventilation system. A simulation considering the rapidly changing environmental effects would develop structural ventilation curves, predict interior environmental temperature, estimate supplemental heating/cooling, and produce other desired parameters, such as required feed intake, as the animal grows. Additionally, a simulation maybe used as the program statement for the controller of the ventilation system. These simulations, however, neglected the effects of animal growth and seasonal climatic changes throughout the animal\u27s lifecycle. Research was, thus, initiated with the following specific objectives: 1) Develop a simulation to predict interior environmental conditions, in a livestock structure, as animal growth and climatic conditions change throughout a segment of the animal\u27s life cycle. 2) Evaluate the simulation performance and sensitivity for a specific geographic location, climate, construction, and occupant

Toward the development and implementation of object-oriented extensions for discrete-event simulation in a strongly-typed procedural language

The primary emphasis of this research is computer simulation. Computer simulations are used to model and analyze systems. To date, computer simulations have almost exclusively been written in procedural, strongly-typed languages such as FORTRAN or Pascal;Recent advancements in simulation research suggest an object-oriented approach to simulation languages may provide key benefits in computer simulation. The goal of this research is to combine the advantages of a simulation language written in a procedural, strongly-typed language with the benefits available through the object-oriented programming paradigm;This research presents a review of the methods of computer simulation. A significant portion of this research is devoted to a description of the development of the object-oriented simulation software in a strongly-typed, procedural language;The software developed in this research is capable of simulating systems with multiple servers and queues. Arrival and service distributions may be selected from the uniform, exponential, and normal family of distributions. Resource usage is not supported in the simulation program

Bogotá // Hannover Creative Cities in Exchange. Workshop Report

The Future of Creative Cities explores the potentials of creative cities. In a collaborative workshop the Faculty of Creative Studies of Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá and the Chair of Territorial Design and Urbanism of Leibniz University Hannover created an encounter to explore connections between urban design and art. By providing a virtual space of sharing and exchanging, the workshop invited to imagine, re-imagine and activate in a prospective way the idea of creative cities based on artistic methodologies. Invited international workshop leaders of the fields of arts, architecture and urban design generated interactive, blended virtual-onsite platforms to discuss and promote culture and art as a driving forces for new pathways in understanding and creating the urban space

Creation of equal-spin triplet superconductivity at the Al/EuS interface

In conventional superconductors, electrons of opposite spins are bound into Cooper pairs. However, when the superconductor is in contact with a non-uniformly ordered ferromagnet, an exotic type of superconductivity can appear at the interface, with electrons bound into three possible spin-triplet states. Triplet pairs with equal spin play a vital role in low-dissipation spintronics. Despite the observation of supercurrents through ferromagnets, spectroscopic evidence for the existence of equal-spin triplet pairs is still missing. Here we show a theoretical model that reveals a characteristic gap structure in the quasiparticle density of states which provides a unique signature for the presence of equal-spin triplet pairs. By scanning tunnelling spectroscopy we measure the local density of states to reveal the spin configuration of triplet pairs. We demonstrate that the Al/EuS interface causes strong and tunable spin-mixing by virtue of its spin-dependent transmission.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 17 pages supplementary information, 14 supplementary figure

Is the effect of tinnitus on auditory steady-state response amplitude mediated by attention?

Objectives: Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) amplitude enhancement effects have been reported in tinnitus patients. As ASSR amplitude is also enhanced by attention, the effect of tinnitus on ASSR amplitude could be interpreted as an effect of attention mediated by tinnitus. As N1 attention effects are significantly larger than those on the ASSR, if the effect of tinnitus on ASSR amplitude were due to attention, there should be similar amplitude enhancement effects in tinnitus for the N1 component of the auditory-evoked response. Methods: MEG recordings which were previously examined for the ASSR (Diesch et al., 2010a) were analyzed with respect to the N1m component. Like the ASSR previously, the N1m was analyzed in the source domain (source space projection). Stimuli were amplitude-modulated (AM) tones with one of three carrier frequencies matching the tinnitus frequency or a surrogate frequency 1½ octave above the audiometric edge frequency in controls, the audiometric edge frequency, and a frequency below the audiometric edge. Single AM-tones were presented in a single condition and superpositions of three AM-tones differing in carrier and modulation frequency in a composite condition. Results: In the earlier ASSR study (Diesch et al., 2010a), the ASSR amplitude in tinnitus patients, but not in controls, was significantly larger in the (surrogate) tinnitus condition than in the edge condition. Patients showed less evidence than controls of reciprocal inhibition of component ASSR responses in the composite condition. In the present study, N1m amplitudes elicited by stimuli located at the audiometric edge and at the (surrogate) tinnitus frequency were smaller than N1m amplitudes elicited by sub-edge tones both in patients and controls. The relationship of the N1m response in the composite condition to the N1m response in the single condition indicated that reciprocal inhibition among component N1m responses was reduced in patients compared against controls. Conclusions: In the present study, no evidence was found for an N1-amplitude enhancement effect in tinnitus. Compared to controls, reciprocal inhibition is reduced in tinnitus patients. Thus, as there is no effect on N1m that could potentially be attributed to attention, it seems unlikely that the enhancement effect of tinnitus on ASSR amplitude could be accounted for in terms of attention induced by tinnitus