Are human V\u3b42pos T cells really resistant to aging and Human Cytomegalovirus infection?

In their recent paper, Weili Xu et al. [1] described the different behaviors of V\u3b41pos and V\u3b42pos T cell subsets in response to lifelong stress and claimed that V\u3b42pos T cells are not affected by aging and Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. While we agree that these two \u3b3\u3b4 T cell subsets diverge both in phenotype/function and in tissue distribution, we are somewhat surprised that authors did not take into account the several previously published and contradictory experimental evidence in regards to senescence of V\u3b42pos T cells [2,3]. These latter studies reported that HCMV infection not only induces a clonal expansion of a distinct V\u3b39neg/V\u3b42pos T cell subset, but also determines a concomitant adaptive differentiation from CD27high na\uefve cells to CD27low/neg terminal-effectors. However, Weili Xu et al. argued that the expression and kinetics of both CD27 and CD45RA surface markers do not change and follow the homeostatic changes of V\u3b42pos T cells. This statement goes in the opposite direction to previously reported findings as the CD27/CD45RA phenotype has been shown to mark the maturation and differentiation (TNa\uefve, TCentral-Memory, Teffector-Memory and TEffectory-Memory RA) of V\u3b42pos T cells. Indeed, the different surface expression of both CD27 and CD45 parallel the progressive decrease of telomere length, the proliferative capacity as well as the different effector-functions and resistance to death of V\u3b42+ T cells in response to antigens and homeostatic cytokines [4,5]. Hence, we believe that these controversial issues require further discussion beyond the unilateral conclusion given by the study of Weili Xu et al

Due manoscritti “inediti” delle opere di Neophytos Vamvas

 Στὸ Τμῆμα Χειρογράφων τῆς Ἐθνικῆς Βιβλιοθήκης τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀπόκεινται δύο χειρόγραφα μὲ ἔργα τοῦ Νεοφύτου Βάμβα (1776-1855): α) Ἐγχειρίδιον ῾Ρητορικῆς (ΕΒΕ 4072) καὶ β) Στοιχεῖα τῆς Ἰδεολογίας (ΕΒΕ 4295), ἕνα φιλοσοφικὸ σύγγραμμα σχετικὰ μὲ τὴ γλώσσα. Πρόκειται γιὰ δύο διδακτικὰ ἐγχειρίδια, ἀπὸ τὰ πιὸ γνωστὰ καὶ σημαντικὰ ἔργα ἑνὸς ἀπὸ τοὺς πρωτεργάτες τοῦ Νεοελληνικοῦ Διαφωτισμοῦ, μὲ μεγάλη πιθανότητα νὰ ἔχουν συντεθεῖ γύρω στὰ 1830.Ὕστερα ἀπὸ λεπτομερὴ ἀντιβολὴ τῶν χειρογράφων τῆς ΕΒΕ μὲ τὰ γνωστὰ καὶ ἐκδεδομένα ἔργα τοῦ Νεόφυτου Βάμβα, καταλήγουμε στὰ παρακάτω συμπεράσματα: α) τὸ πρῶτο περιέχει ἕνα κείμενο τῆς ῾Ρητορικῆς, τὸ ὁποῖο σὲ ἀρκετὰ σημεῖα μοιάζει μὲ ἐκεῖνο τῆς πρώτης ἔκδοσης (1813) καὶ σὲ ἄλλα σημεῖα μὲ ἐκεῖνο τῆς δεύτερης (1841), ἀλλὰ στὴν οὐσία πρόκειται γιὰ μιὰ ἄλλη μορφὴ ποὺ δὲν ἐκδόθηκε ποτέ. Ἐπιπλέον, τὸ τρίτο μέρος τοῦ χφ περιέχει ἀποσπάσματα ἀπὸ ἔργο τοῦ Hugh Blair, ὅπως δείχνει καὶ ἡ ἀναγραφὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ χφ: Περὶγεύσεως (ἐκ τοῦ Βλαίρου). β) Τὸ δεύτερο χφ, γραμμένο ἀπὸ δύο χέρια –ἕνα τρίτο πρόσθεσε τὸν τίτλο Στοιχεῖα Ἰδεολογίας–, περιέχει συμπιληματικὸ κείμενο φιλοσοφικοῦ περιεχομένου, ποὺ εἶναι δύσκολο νὰ ταυτισθεῖ καὶ πάντως ἔχει σχέση μὲ τὴν ἰδεολογικὴ προσέγγιση τῆς γλώσσας.Τὰ δύο χειρόγραφα τῆς ΕΒΕ, τὰ ὁποῖα χρονολογοῦνται στὴ δεκαετία τοῦ 1830, πιθανὸν ἀντιγράφτηκαν ἀπὸ μαθητὲς τοῦ Βάμβα, καθὼς ὅπως γνωρίζουμε, ὁ ἴδιος ἔδινε στοὺς μαθητές του στὴν Ἰόνια Ἀκαδημία νὰ ἀντιγράφουν κείμενα ποὺ χρησιμοποιοῦσε στὰ μαθήματά του καὶ μποροῦμε νὰ θεωρήσουμε ὅτι ἀποτελοῦν καὶ τεκμήρια ἀπὸ τὴν παρουσία του στὴν Ἰόνιο Ἀκαδημία.ΔΥΟ «ΑΝΕΚΔΟΤΑ» ΧΕΙΡΟΓΡΑΦΑ ΕΡΓΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΝΕΟΦΥΤΟΥ ΒΑΜΒΑ Στὸ Τμῆμα Χειρογράφων τῆς Ἐθνικῆς Βιβλιοθήκης τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀπόκεινται δύο χειρόγραφα μὲ ἔργα τοῦ Νεοφύτου Βάμβα (1776-1855): α) Ἐγχειρίδιον ῾Ρητορικῆς (ΕΒΕ 4072) καὶ β) Στοιχεῖα τῆς Ἰδεολογίας (ΕΒΕ 4295), ἕνα φιλοσοφικὸ σύγγραμμα σχετικὰ μὲ τὴ γλώσσα. Πρόκειται γιὰ δύο διδακτικὰ ἐγχειρίδια, ἀπὸ τὰ πιὸ γνωστὰ καὶ σημαντικὰ ἔργα ἑνὸς ἀπὸ τοὺς πρωτεργάτες τοῦ Νεοελληνικοῦ Διαφωτισμοῦ, μὲ μεγάλη πιθανότητα νὰ ἔχουν συντεθεῖ γύρω στὰ 1830. Ὕστερα ἀπὸ λεπτομερὴ ἀντιβολὴ τῶν χειρογράφων τῆς ΕΒΕ μὲ τὰ γνωστὰ καὶ ἐκδεδομένα ἔργα τοῦ Νεόφυτου Βάμβα, καταλήγουμε στὰ παρακάτω συμπεράσματα: α) τὸ πρῶτο περιέχει ἕνα κείμενο τῆς ῾Ρητορικῆς, τὸ ὁποῖο σὲ ἀρκετὰ σημεῖα μοιάζει μὲ ἐκεῖνο τῆς πρώτης ἔκδοσης (1813) καὶ σὲ ἄλλα σημεῖα μὲ ἐκεῖνο τῆς δεύτερης (1841), ἀλλὰ στὴν οὐσία πρόκειται γιὰ μιὰ ἄλλη μορφὴ ποὺ δὲν ἐκδόθηκε ποτέ. Ἐπιπλέον, τὸ τρίτο μέρος τοῦ χφ περιέχει ἀποσπάσματα ἀπὸ ἔργο τοῦ Hugh Blair, ὅπως δείχνει καὶ ἡ ἀναγραφὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ χφ: Περὶγεύσεως (ἐκ τοῦ Βλαίρου). β) Τὸ δεύτερο χφ, γραμμένο ἀπὸ δύο χέρια –ἕνα τρίτο πρόσθεσε τὸν τίτλο Στοιχεῖα Ἰδεολογίας–, περιέχει συμπιληματικὸ κείμενο φιλοσοφικοῦ περιεχομένου, ποὺ εἶναι δύσκολο νὰ ταυτισθεῖ καὶ πάντως ἔχει σχέση μὲ τὴν ἰδεολογικὴ προσέγγιση τῆς γλώσσας.Τὰ δύο χειρόγραφα τῆς ΕΒΕ, τὰ ὁποῖα χρονολογοῦνται στὴ δεκαετία τοῦ 1830, πιθανὸν ἀντιγράφτηκαν ἀπὸ μαθητὲς τοῦ Βάμβα, καθὼς ὅπως γνωρίζουμε, ὁ ἴδιος ἔδινε στοὺς μαθητές του στὴν Ἰόνια Ἀκαδημία νὰ ἀντιγράφουν κείμενα ποὺ χρησιμοποιοῦσε στὰ μαθήματά του καὶ μποροῦμε νὰ θεωρήσουμε ὅτι ἀποτελοῦν καὶ τεκμήρια ἀπὸ τὴν παρουσία του στὴν Ἰόνιο Ἀκαδημία. MARTA DIELI

Are Polyfunctional Cells Protective in M. tuberculosis Infection?

Materials / States of matte

Clonal expansion shapes the human V\u3b41T cell receptor repertoire.

Cellular and Molecular Immunology aims to report the dynamic progress being made in China and abroad in immunological research, and welcomes high-quality Research Articles, Reviews and Brief Reports across a broad range of topics including, but not limited to, clinical immunology, comparative immunology, immunobiology, immunogenetics, immunological techniques, immunopathology, immunopharmacology, infection immunology, neuroimmunology, transplantation immunology, tumor immunology, and veterinary immunology

Wireless Mobile Phone Technology, Deregulation Policy, Competition and Economic welfare in Nigeria’s Telecom Industry: An Analytic model

This analytic model is about the Nigerian telecom industry’s structural change caused by the arrival of a new wireless mobile phone technology. Nigeria’s telecom industry transformed from natural monopoly to competitive market as a result of deregulation that occurred in 1999. Under the price regulation using underground or above the ground cable telephone lines, it could run only with the help of government subsidies. This study argues that the arrival of a new telecomm technology was the key to success of Nigeria’s deregulation of its telecom industry. An analysis of a simple microeconomic model shows that with the new wireless technology, which requires much lower operation cost, the operator can now make a positive profit and therefore by deregulating the market, entries of new firms and competition takes place in the industry which lowers the final product price in the telecom market. The research, therefore, concludes that availability of wireless mobile phone technology led to deregulation of the industry which brought competition by increasing the number of firms in the industry that engendered fall in product price and increase in output. The study observed that the policy of deregulation is intended to usher in perfect competition but it is far from achieving that now for the industry displays behaviour similar to monopolistic competitive and oligopolistic industries. However, one thing is clear, it will never be a natural monopoly again

Dark matter condensates as highly nonlocal solitons: instability in the Schwarzschild metric and laboratory analog

Theories on the bosonic nature of dark matter are a promising alternative to the cold dark matter model. Here we consider a dark matter halo in the state of a Bose-Einstein condensate, subject to the gravitation of a black hole. In the low energy limit, we bring together the general relativity in the Schwarzschild metric and the quantum description of the Bose-Einstein condensate. The model is solvable in the Fermi normal coordinates with the so called highly nonlocal approximation and describes tidal deformations in the condensate wave function. The black hole deforms the localized condensate until the attraction of the compact object overcomes the self-gravitation and destabilizes the solitonic dark matter. Moreover, the model can be implemented as a gravitational analog in the laboratory; the time-dependent potential generated by the galactic black hole can be mimicked by an optical trap acting on a conventional condensate. The results open the way to new laboratory simulators for quantum gravitational effects

Chapter Are Polyfunctional Cells Protective in M. tuberculosis Infection

Materials / States of matte