Papel dos contratos na modernização portuária e sua importância para o agronegócio

Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Curso de Graduação em Gestão do Agronegócio, 2014.Esse relatório de estágio tem como objetivo elaborar uma síntese sobre o papel dos contratos no setor portuário e sua importância para o agronegócio, apresentando uma breve análise sobre a importância da logística portuária para o agronegócio, e as principais mudanças que se deram em função do novo marco regulatório do setor, a revogação da Lei – 8.630/93 – e criação da nova Lei dos portos – 12.815/13. Será possível identificar a evolução da regulação portuária e os principais marcos legais que causaram (e causam impactos significativos no setor, sob a perspectiva de melhor eficiência dos portos, que até hoje encontram-se em grande parte sucateados, e vêm enfrentando diversos problemas, principalmente pela falta de infraestrutura. Contudo, com a nova lei portuária, surge mais uma vez a esperança de trazer desenvolvimento tanto para o setor portuário, bem como para o desenvolvimento do país.This internship‟s report goal is to elaborate a synthesis about the role played by the contracts on the portuary field and its importance to the agribusiness, presenting a brief analysis about the importance of portuary logistic for the agribusiness, and it‟s main changes that took shape according to the new regulatory mark of the sector, the revocation of the Law – 8.630/93 – and the creation of the new ports Law – 12.815/13. It‟ll be possible to identify the evolution of portuary regulation and the main legal marks that caused and still cause significant impacts on this industry, seeking improvements for better efficiency of the ports, that until this day find themselves mostly ruined, and have been facing many problems, mainly due to lack of infrastructure. Nevertheless, alongside the new portuary law, emerges once again the hope to bring development both to the industry and to the development of the country

Long-Term Results of Bariatric Restrictive Procedures: A Prospective Study

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and vertical-banded gastroplasty (VBG) are surgical treatment modalities for morbid obesity. This prospective study describes the long-term results of LAGB and VBG. One hundred patients were included in the study. Fifty patients underwent LAGB and 50 patients, open VBG. Study parameters were weight loss, changes in obesity-related comorbidities, long-term complications, re-operations including conversions to other bariatric procedures and laboratory parameters including vitamin status. From 91 patients (91%), data were obtained with a mean follow-up duration of 84 months (7 years). Weight loss [percent excess weight loss (EWL)] was significantly more after VBG compared with LAGB, 66% versus 54%, respectively. All comorbidities significantly decreased in both groups. Long-term complications after VBG were mainly staple line disruption (54%) and incisional hernia (27%). After LAGB, the most frequent complications were pouch dilatation (21%) and anterior slippage (17%). Major re-operations after VBG were performed in 60% of patients. All re-operations following were conversions to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). In the LAGB group, 33% of patients had a refixation or replacement of the band, and 11% underwent conversion to another bariatric procedure. There were no significant differences in weight loss between patients with or without re-interventions. No vitamin deficiencies were present after 7 years, although supplement usage was inconsistent. This long-term follow-up study confirms the high occurrence of late complications after restrictive bariatric surgery. The failure rate of 65% after VBG is too high, and this procedure is not performed anymore in our institution. The re-operation rate after LAGB is decreasing as a result of new techniques and materials. Results of the re-operations are good with sustained weight loss and reduction in comorbidities. However, in order to achieve these results, a durable and complete follow-up after restrictive procedures is imperative

In vivo and ex vivo regulation of visfatin production by leptin in human and murine adipose tissue : role of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways

Visfatin is an adipogenic adipokine with increased levels in obesity, properties common to leptin. Thus, leptin may modulate visfatin production in adipose tissue (AT). Therefore, we investigated the effects of leptin on visfatin levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and human/murine AT, with or without a leptin antagonist. The potential signaling pathways and mechanisms regulating visfatin production in AT was also studied. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess the relative mRNA and protein expression of visfatin. ELISA was performed to measure visfatin levels in conditioned media of AT explants, and small interfering RNA technology was used to reduce leptin receptor expression. Leptin significantly (P < 0.01) increased visfatin levels in human and murine AT with a maximal response at leptin 10–9 M, returning to baseline at leptin 10–7 M. Importantly, ip leptin administration to C57BL/6 ob/ob mice further supported leptin-induced visfatin protein production in omental AT (P < 0.05). Additionally, soluble leptin receptor levels rose with concentration dependency to a maximal response at leptin 10–7 M (P < 0.01). The use of a leptin antagonist negated the induction of visfatin and soluble leptin receptor by leptin. Furthermore, leptin-induced visfatin production was significantly decreased in the presence of MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors. Also, when the leptin receptor gene was knocked down using small interfering RNA, leptin-induced visfatin expression was significantly decreased. Thus, leptin increases visfatin production in AT in vivo and ex vivo via pathways involving MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. The pleiotropic effects of leptin may be partially mediated by visfatin