The challenge of Thomas Hobbes: Unity and pluralism

El artículo presenta los elementos teóricos de la obra de Hobbes en los que éste desarrolla una reflexión sobre el núcleo problemático de lo político. Inscrito en un debate perenne de la teoría sobre los límites del poder, el autor describe las tensiones que atraviesan el ejercicio de la soberanía. Al respecto, se resaltan dos elementos relacionados: el espectáculo del poder unifica la voluntad del representante que se encuentra constituida por una urdimbre de relaciones y negociaciones; la ubicación de la recta razón en el arbitrio del soberano no implica desplegar la categoría de absoluto en la de “omnipotente”. El desafío que arroja Hobbes, por tanto, consiste en ejercer un poder montado en el equilibrio entre estrategias de producción de consensos y coerción. Es decir, sobre la paradoja de brindar fuerza a los lazos por su propia naturaleza y no solo por la amenaza de la espadaThe article points out the theoretical elements in Hobbes’ work, which he uses to develop a reflection on the problematic core of politics. Inscribed in a perennial theoretical debate on the limits of power, the author explains the tensions within exercise of sovereignty. Two related elements stand out in particular: the spectacle of power unifies the sovereign will which is in fact constituted by a fabric of relationships and negotiations; the "location" of right reason in the arbitration of the sovereign does not imply revealing the category of absolute in the "omnipotent". The challenge Hobbes presents, therefore, is the exercise of power balanced between production strategies by consensus and coercion. That is to say, it is the paradox of not only giving strength to bonds by the threat of the sword but also by their own nature

El desarrollo turístico-inmobiliario de la España mediterránea e insular frente a sus referentes internacionales (Florida y la Costa Azul): un análisis comparado

The article makes a comparative analysis of three international tourism residential destinations that have undergone intensive processes of urbanization in the last few decades: the Mediterranean coast and the two main archipelagos of Spain, the French Riviera, and the coast of Florida. The aim of the research is to analyse the spatial processes which have occurred in the two territories where the current crisis has had more effects in tourism, and above all in the real state sector (Florida and the Spanish coast), and draw a comparison with what happened in the French Mediterranean coast.El artículo realiza un análisis comparado de tres destinos turísticos internacionales de especialización residencial que han vivido procesos masivos de urbanización en las últimas décadas: el litoral mediterráneo e insular español, la Costa Azul Francesa y el litoral del estado de Florida. El objetivo principal es contrastar las semejanzas y diferencias de los procesos territoriales ocurridos en dos de los territorios en los que se fraguado la actual crisis económica y donde ésta ha tenido más efecto en el turismo y sobre todo en el sector de la construcción (Florida y el litoral español), y compararlo con lo ocurrido en el litoral mediterráneo francés

Heisenberg scaling with classical long-range correlations

The Heisenberg scaling is typically associated with nonclassicality and entanglement. In this work, however, we discuss how classical long-range correlations between lattice sites in many-body systems may lead to a 1=N scaling in precision with the number of probes in the context of quantum optical dissipative systems. In particular, we show that networks of coupled single qubit lasers can be mapped onto a classical XY model, and a Heisenberg scaling with the number of sites appears when estimating the amplitude and phase of a weak periodic driving field

A Global Review of PWR Nuclear Power Plants

[Abstract] Nuclear energy is presented as a real option in the face of the current problem of climate change and the need to reduce CO2 emissions. The nuclear reactor design with the greatest global impact throughout history and which has the most ambitious development plans is the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). Thus, a global review of such a reactor design is presented in this paper, utilizing the analysis of (i) technical aspects of the different variants of the PWR design implemented over the past eight years, (ii) the level of implementation of PWR nuclear power plants in the world, and (iii) a life extension scenario and future trends in PWR design based on current research and development (R&D) activity. To develop the second analysis, a statistical study of the implementation of the different PWR variants has been carried out. Such a statistical analysis is based on the operating factor, which represents the relative frequency of reactors operating around the world. The results reflect the hegemony of the western variants in the 300 reactors currently operating, highlighting the North American and French versions. Furthermore, a simulation of a possible scenario of increasing the useful life of operational PWRs up to 60 years has been proposed, seeing that in 2050 the generation capacity of nuclear PWRs power plants will decrease by 50%, and the number of operating reactors by 70%

On the numerical controllability of the two-dimensional heat, Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations

The aim of this work is to present some strategies to solve numerically controllability problems for the two-dimensional heat equation, the Stokes equations and the Navier-Stokes equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The main idea is to adapt the Fursikov-Imanuvilov formulation, see~[A.V. Fursikov, O.Yu. Imanuvilov: {\it Controllability of Evolutions Equations,} Lectures Notes Series, Vol.~34, Seoul National University, 1996]; this approach has been followed recently for the one-dimensional heat equation by the first two authors. More precisely, we minimize over the class of admissible null controls a functional that involves weighted integrals of the state and the control, with weights that blow up near the final time. The associated optimality conditions can be viewed as a differential system in the three variables $x_1$, $x_2$ and $t$ that is second--order in time and fourth--order in space, completed with appropriate boundary conditions. We present several mixed formulations of the problems and, then, associated mixed finite element Lagrangian approximations that are relatively easy to handle. Finally, we exhibit some numerical experiments.Comment: 35 page

Lista de los peces de la provincia de Jujuy

Fil: Fernández, Luis A.. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Nadalin, Diego Oscar. División Zoología Vertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: López, Hugo Luis. División Zoología Vertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Comportamiento de hormigón confinado con FRP en pilares cuadrados

A significant amount of research has been conducted on FRP-confined circular columns, but much less is known about rectangular/square columns in which the effectiveness of confinement is much reduced. This paper presents the results of experimental investigations on low strength square concrete columns confined with FRP. Axial compression tests were performed on ten intermediate size columns. The tests results indicate that FRP composites can significantly improve the bearing capacity and ductility of square section reinforced concrete columns with rounded corners. The strength enhancement ratio is greater the lower the concrete strength and also increases with the stiffness of the jacket. The confined concrete behaviour was predicted according to the more accepted theoretical models and compared with experimental results. There are two key parameters which critically influence the fitting of the models: the strain efficiency factor and the effect of confinement in non-circular sections.La mayoría de las investigaciones sobre hormigón confinado con FRP se han realizado sobre pilares de sección circular, pero el comportamiento en secciones cuadradas/rectangulares, donde el confinamiento es menos eficaz, es mucho menos conocido. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio experimental sobre probetas de hormigón de baja resistencia y sección cuadrada. Se han ensayado a compresión centrada diez probetas de tamaño intermedio. Los resultados indican que el confinamiento mejora significativamente la resistencia y ductilidad del hormigón en columnas de sección cuadrada con las esquinas redondeadas. El incremento de resistencia es mayor cuanto menor es la resistencia del hormigón sin confinar y también aumenta con la rigidez del encamisado. Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos según los modelos teóricos más aceptados. Hay dos parámetros críticos en el ajuste de los modelos: el factor de eficiencia de la deformación y el efecto de confinamiento en secciones no circulares

Response Time Distributions in Rapid Chess: A Large-Scale Decision Making Experiment

Rapid chess provides an unparalleled laboratory to understand decision making in a natural environment. In a chess game, players choose consecutively around 40 moves in a finite time budget. The goodness of each choice can be determined quantitatively since current chess algorithms estimate precisely the value of a position. Web-based chess produces vast amounts of data, millions of decisions per day, incommensurable with traditional psychological experiments. We generated a database of response times (RTs) and position value in rapid chess games. We measured robust emergent statistical observables: (1) RT distributions are long-tailed and show qualitatively distinct forms at different stages of the game, (2) RT of successive moves are highly correlated both for intra- and inter-player moves. These findings have theoretical implications since they deny two basic assumptions of sequential decision making algorithms: RTs are not stationary and can not be generated by a state-function. Our results also have practical implications. First, we characterized the capacity of blunders and score fluctuations to predict a player strength, which is yet an open problem in chess softwares. Second, we show that the winning likelihood can be reliably estimated from a weighted combination of remaining times and position evaluation