Perception of Student-Teachers Regarding Self-Regulated Learning

In this chapter of the book we have described and analyzed what student-teachers understand by self-regulated learning, what they do when applying the different phases of this process and what are the difficulties, they have to regulate their learning. Student-teachers participating in the study are pre-service teachers who are trained to work in the school system as secondary school teachers. The sample consisted of 60 student-teachers from a university in southern Chile. The main findings show that students relate the concept of self-regulated learning mainly with the general organization prior to the study and with the regulation of their emotions. Regarding the process of self-regulated learning, it is suggested that the planning and execution phase are incipient because there is: (i) lack of strategic planning in the planning phase, (ii) lack of motivational self-control processes, which influences the lack of regulation as: disorganization and uncontrolled emotions, (iii) absence of self-records that allow them to compare and monitor the execution of the study. Additionally, it is proposed conceptual model includes components that represent: (i) the understanding of the concept of self-regulation of learning, (ii) development of the process of self-regulation of learning, (iii) lack of regulation and (iv) external agent’s antiregulation of learning

Simulation-Based Virtual Cycle for Multi-Level Airport Analysis

The aeronautical industry is expanding after a period of economic turmoil. For this reason, a growing number of airports are facing capacity problems that can sometimes only be resolved by expanding infrastructure, with the inherent risks that such decisions create. In order to deal with uncertainty at different levels, it is necessary to have relevant tools during an expansion project or during the planning phases of new infrastructure. This article presents a methodology that combines simulation approaches with different description levels that complement each other when applied to the development of a new airport. The methodology is illustrated with an example that uses two models for an expansion project of an airport in The Netherlands. One model focuses on the operation of the airport from a high-level position, while the second focuses on other technical aspects of the operation that challenge the feasibility of the proposed configuration of the apron. The results show that by applying the methodology, analytical power is enhanced and the risk of making the wrong decisions is reduced. We identified the limitations that the future facility will have and the impact of the physical characteristics of the traffic that will operate in the airport. The methodology can be used for tackling different problems and studying particular performance indicators to help decision-makers take more informed decisions.Grupo de Transporte Aéreo - Grupo de Ingeniería Aplicada a la Industri

Simulation-Based Virtual Cycle for Multi-Level Airport Analysis

The aeronautical industry is expanding after a period of economic turmoil. For this reason, a growing number of airports are facing capacity problems that can sometimes only be resolved by expanding infrastructure, with the inherent risks that such decisions create. In order to deal with uncertainty at different levels, it is necessary to have relevant tools during an expansion project or during the planning phases of new infrastructure. This article presents a methodology that combines simulation approaches with different description levels that complement each other when applied to the development of a new airport. The methodology is illustrated with an example that uses two models for an expansion project of an airport in The Netherlands. One model focuses on the operation of the airport from a high-level position, while the second focuses on other technical aspects of the operation that challenge the feasibility of the proposed configuration of the apron. The results show that by applying the methodology, analytical power is enhanced and the risk of making the wrong decisions is reduced. We identified the limitations that the future facility will have and the impact of the physical characteristics of the traffic that will operate in the airport. The methodology can be used for tackling different problems and studying particular performance indicators to help decision-makers take more informed decisions.Grupo de Transporte Aéreo - Grupo de Ingeniería Aplicada a la Industri

Scale of Goals of Study for University Students

Actualmente disponemos de gran cantidad de trabajos que muestran la implicación de las metas de estudio en la motivación por estudiar y aprender. Este trabajo analiza la motivación académica y, especialmente, la variable “metas de estudio”. El principal propósito de esta investigación es conocer las características psicométricas de la adaptación de la Escala de Metas de Estudio a la población universitaria chilena. Los participantes son 542 estudiantes chilenos, de distintas facultades universitarias. Los resultados del análisis factorial y de consistencia interna son aceptables en las tres subescalas. Estos resultados fundamentan el uso de la Escala de Metas de Estudio para evaluar la motivación al estudio de alumnas y alumnos universitarios en Chile (CL).At the present time we have great amount of works that show the implication of the goals of study in the motivation to study and to learn. In this paper the academic motivation and, specially, the variable “goals of study” is assess. The principal aim of the present research is know the Questionnaire to Measure Achievement Goal Tendency’s psicometric characteristics with 542 Chilean university students of different faculties. Results of the factor analysis and the internal consistency are acceptable in three subscales. In conclusion, these results support the use of the Questionnaire to Measure Achievement Goal Tendencies to assess the study motivation in university students in Chile (CL).(undefined

Simulation-Based Virtual Cycle for Multi-Level Airport Analysis

The aeronautical industry is expanding after a period of economic turmoil. For this reason, a growing number of airports are facing capacity problems that can sometimes only be resolved by expanding infrastructure, with the inherent risks that such decisions create. In order to deal with uncertainty at different levels, it is necessary to have relevant tools during an expansion project or during the planning phases of new infrastructure. This article presents a methodology that combines simulation approaches with different description levels that complement each other when applied to the development of a new airport. The methodology is illustrated with an example that uses two models for an expansion project of an airport in The Netherlands. One model focuses on the operation of the airport from a high-level position, while the second focuses on other technical aspects of the operation that challenge the feasibility of the proposed configuration of the apron. The results show that by applying the methodology, analytical power is enhanced and the risk of making the wrong decisions is reduced. We identified the limitations that the future facility will have and the impact of the physical characteristics of the traffic that will operate in the airport. The methodology can be used for tackling different problems and studying particular performance indicators to help decision-makers take more informed decisions.Grupo de Transporte Aéreo - Grupo de Ingeniería Aplicada a la Industri

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Autoeficacia, enfoque de aprendizaje profundo y estrategias de aprendizaje

Among the dimensions of the self-regulated learning, student perceptions about their abilities to control their processes plays a decisive role to tackle the task autonomously. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between self-regulatory efficacy and self-regulated learning processes in first-year college students. Results showed a direct and significant relationships between self-regulatory efficacy, the use of self-regulated learning strategies and deep approach to learning. Results and their implications for the development of programs to promote self-regulated learning from its insertion in the curriculum are discussed.Entre las dimensiones de la autorregulación del aprendizaje, la percepción de los alumnos acerca de sus capacidades para controlar sus procesos juega un rol determinante al enfrentar la tarea en forma autónoma. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar las relaciones entre la percepción de autoeficacia y los procesos de autorregulación del aprendizaje en estudiantes de primer año universitario. Los resultados muestran relaciones directas entre la eficacia autorregulatoria, la adopción de un enfoque profundo de aprendizaje y la utilización de estrategias de del aprendizaje. Se discuten los resultados y sus implicancias para el desarrollo de programas de fomento de la autorregulación del aprendizaje desde su inserción en el currículum

Revelando el significado de confiar en la jefatura en el contexto de un hospital público

La investigación sobre confianza interpersonal ha sido escasamente analizada desde la conceptualización de trabajadores latinoamericanos. Esta investigación se propuso comprender el significado que funcionarios de la salud dan a confiar en la jefatura directa. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo-analítico y el enfoque fenomenológico para el análisis de la información. Se entrevistó a 65 funcionarios de un hospital público. Se obtuvieron 5 categorías, las dos principales cubren el 81% de las menciones y están asociadas a “Tener buena comunicación” y “Que apoyen cuando hay problemas”. Así, emerge un modelo de confianza diádica que se construye especialmente de vínculos personalizados en que los funcionarios sienten recibir protección, relacionado probablemente a un liderazgo paternalista de la jefatura, coherente con la cultura organizacional latinoamerican

El Rol del estudiante en el fenómeno del Compromiso Académico en Educación Superior

The great interest that emerged from the study of the Study Engagement, due to its connection with the achievement and the abandonment of university studies, has resulted in the existence of prolific research and different approaches. The objective of this work is to analyze the conceptual and methodological differences between the approaches to this phenomenon. An essay is carried out that analyzes the main lines of work, theories, concepts and their explanatory models, as well as the potential effects on their development. It concludes the possibility that, the conception of the Study Engagement operates from a top-down approach where the scientific construction of the theory, theoretical models and concepts affect the daily practice, the meanings and frameworks of functioning in education. The predominant conceptualizations about the Academic Commitment could be favoring a passive role of the student, in addition to increasing the responsibility of the educational systems on the production of environments that can favor it.El gran interés surgido frente al estudio del Compromiso Académico, debido a su vinculación con el desempeño y el abandono de los estudios universitarios, ha traído como consecuencia la existencia de una investigación prolífera y distintas aproximaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las diferencias conceptuales y metodológicas entre las aproximaciones a este fenómeno. Se realiza un ensayo que analiza críticamente las principales líneas de trabajo, las teorías, los conceptos y sus modelos explicativos, así como los potenciales efectos sobre su desarrollo. Se concluye la posibilidad de que, la concepción del Compromiso Académico opere desde un enfoque top-down donde la construcción científica de la teoría, modelos teóricos y conceptos afecte la práctica cotidiana, los significados y marcos de funcionamiento en la educación. Las conceptualizaciones predominantes sobre el Compromiso Académico podrían estar favoreciendo un rol pasivo del estudiante, además de incrementar la responsabilidad de los sistemas educativos sobre la producción de entornos que puedan favorecerlo