3,906 research outputs found
Anderson Localization Phenomenon in One-dimensional Elastic Systems
The phenomenon of Anderson localization of waves in elastic systems is
studied. We analyze this phenomenon in two different set of systems: disordered
linear chains of harmonic oscillators and disordered rods which oscillate with
torsional waves. The first set is analyzed numerically whereas the second one
is studied both experimentally and theoretically. In particular, we discuss the
localization properties of the waves as a function of the frequency. In doing
that we have used the inverse participation ratio, which is related to the
localization length. We find that the normal modes localize exponentially
according to Anderson theory. In the elastic systems, the localization length
decreases with frequency. This behavior is in contrast with what happens in
analogous quantum mechanical systems, for which the localization length grows
with energy. This difference is explained by means of the properties of the re
ection coefficient of a single scatterer in each case.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figure
Higgs Boson Decay in the Large N Limit
The Equivalence Theorem is commonly used to calculate perturbatively amplitudes involving gauge bosons at energy scales higher than gauge boson masses. However, when the scalar sector is strongly interacting the theory is non-perturbative. We show that the Equivalence Theorem holds in the large N limit at next-to-leading order by calculating the decay widths h → W + W − and h → π + π − . We also show, in the same scheme of calculations, that unitarity is fulfilled for the process h → π + π −
Painlev\'e-Gullstrand synchronizations in spherical symmetry
A Painlev\'e-Gullstrand synchronization is a slicing of the space-time by a
family of flat spacelike 3-surfaces. For spherically symmetric space-times, we
show that a Painlev\'e-Gullstrand synchronization only exists in the region
where , being the curvature radius of the isometry group
orbits (-spheres). This condition says that the Misner-Sharp gravitational
energy of these 2-spheres is not negative and has an intrinsic meaning in terms
of the norm of the mean extrinsic curvature vector. It also provides an
algebraic inequality involving the Weyl curvature scalar and the Ricci
eigenvalues. We prove that the energy and momentum densities associated with
the Weinberg complex of a Painlev\'e-Gullstrand slice vanish in these curvature
coordinates, and we give a new interpretation of these slices by using
semi-metric Newtonian connections. It is also outlined that, by solving the
vacuum Einstein's equations in a coordinate system adapted to a
Painlev\'e-Gullstrand synchronization, the Schwarzschild solution is directly
obtained in a whole coordinate domain that includes the horizon and both its
interior and exterior regions.Comment: 16 page
Role of IL-36 Cytokines in the Regulation of Angiogenesis Potential of Trophoblast Cells
IL-36 cytokines (the agonists IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and the antagonist IL-36Ra) are expressed in the mouse uterus and associated with maternal immune response during pregnancy. Here, we characterize the expression of IL-36 members in human primary trophoblast cells (PTC) and trophoblastic cell lines (HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3) and upon treatment with bacterial and viral components. Effects of recombinant IL-36 on the migration capacity of trophoblastic cells, their ability to interact with endothelial cells and the induction of angiogenic factors and miRNAs (angiomiRNAs) were examined. Constitutive protein expression of IL-36 (α, β, and γ) and their receptor (IL-36R) was found in all cell types. In PTC, transcripts for all IL-36 subtypes were found, whereas in trophoblastic cell lines only for IL36G and IL36RN. A synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (poly I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the expression of IL-36 members in a cell-specific and time-dependent manner. In HTR-8/SVneo cells, IL-36 cytokines increased cell migration and their capacity to interact with endothelial cells. VEGFA and PGF mRNA and protein, as well as the angiomiRNAs miR-146a-3p and miR-141-5p were upregulated as IL-36 response in PTC and HTR-8/SVneo cells. In conclusion, IL-36 cytokines are modulated by microbial components and regulate trophoblast migration and interaction with endothelial cells. Therefore, a fundamental role of these cytokines in the placentation process and in response to infections may be expected
MagAO Imaging of Long-period Objects (MILO). I. A Benchmark M Dwarf Companion Exciting a Massive Planet around the Sun-like Star HD 7449
We present high-contrast Magellan adaptive optics (MagAO) images of HD 7449,
a Sun-like star with one planet and a long-term radial velocity (RV) trend. We
unambiguously detect the source of the long-term trend from 0.6-2.15 \microns
~at a separation of \about 0\fasec 54. We use the object's colors and spectral
energy distribution to show that it is most likely an M4-M5 dwarf (mass \about
0.1-0.2 \msun) at the same distance as the primary and is therefore likely
bound. We also present new RVs measured with the Magellan/MIKE and PFS
spectrometers and compile these with archival data from CORALIE and HARPS. We
use a new Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure to constrain both the mass ( \msun ~at 99 confidence) and semimajor axis (\about 18 AU) of the M
dwarf companion (HD 7449B). We also refine the parameters of the known massive
planet (HD 7449Ab), finding that its minimum mass is
\mj, its semimajor axis is AU, and its eccentricity is
. We use N-body simulations to constrain the eccentricity
of HD 7449B to 0.5. The M dwarf may be inducing Kozai oscillations
on the planet, explaining its high eccentricity. If this is the case and its
orbit was initially circular, the mass of the planet would need to be
1.5 \mj. This demonstrates that strong constraints on known planets
can be made using direct observations of otherwise undetectable long-period
companions.Comment: Corrected planet mass error (7.8 Mj --> 1.09 Mj, in agreement with
previous studies
GU Boo: A New 0.6 Msun Detached Eclipsing Binary
We have found a new low-mass, double-lined, detached eclipsing binary, GU
Boo, among a sample of new variables from the ROTSE-I database. The binary has
an orbital period of 0.488728 +/- 0.000002 days, and estimated apparent
magnitudes Vrotse = 13.7 and I = 11.8. Our analysis of the light and radial
velocity curves of the system yields individual masses and radii of M1= 0.610
+/- 0.007 Msun, M2 = 0.599 +/- 0.006 Msun, R1= 0.623 +/- 0.016 Rsun, R2= 0.620
+/- 0.020 Rsun. The stars in GU Boo are therefore very similar to the
components of the eclipsing binary YY Gem. For this study we have adopted a
mean effective temperature for the binary of Teff = 3870 +/- 130 K. Based on
its space velocities we suggest that GU Boo is a main sequence binary, possibly
with an age of several Gyr. The metallicity of the binary is not well
constrained at this point but we speculate that it should not be very different
from solar. We have compared the physical parameters of GU Boo with current
low-mass stellar models, where we accounted for uncertainties in age and
metallicity by considering a wide range of values for those parameters. Our
comparisons reveal that all the models underestimate the radii of the
components of GU Boo by at least 10-15%. This result is in agreement with the
recent studies of YY Gem and CU Cnc.Comment: 41 pages, 10 figures, 11 tables; accepted by Ap
UV distributed Bragg reflectors build from porous silicon multilayers
UV Distributed Bragg reflectors were fabricated by a two-step thermal oxidation process over porous silicon multilayers (PS-ML), which were prepared by room-temperature electrochemical anodization of silicon wafers. The optical behavior of the PS-ML before and after oxidation was studied by reflectance measurements. It was observed an UV shift from 430 to 300 nm in the peak of the reflectance spectrum after oxidation of the PS-ML. This was attributed to the presence of silicon oxide over the surface of the silicon filaments. Such oxide also reduced the refractive index of each porous silicon monolayer. The bandgap of the PS-ML was calculated by the Kubelka-Munk approximation, which showed an increase in the bandgap from 3.11 to 4.36 eV after the thermal oxidation process. It was suggested that the observed optical response could opens the possibility of fabrication of UV optoelectronic devices based entirely in the silicon technology
LA REALIDAD VIRTUAL, UNA NUEVA HERRAMIENTA TERAPÉUTICA. TRATAMIENTO DE LA IMAGEN CORPORAL EN LOS TRASTORNOS ALIMENTARIOS.
Qualitative interpretation of galaxy spectra
We describe a simple step-by-step guide to qualitative interpretation of
galaxy spectra. Rather than an alternative to existing automated tools, it is
put forward as an instrument for quick-look analysis, and for gaining physical
insight when interpreting the outputs provided by automated tools. Though the
recipe is of general application, it was developed for understanding the nature
of the Automatic Spectroscopic K-means based (ASK) template spectra. They
resulted from the classification of all the galaxy spectra in the Sloan Digital
Sky Survey data release 7 (SDSS-DR7), thus being a comprehensive representation
of the galaxy spectra in the local universe. Using the recipe, we give a
description of the properties of the gas and the stars that characterize the
ASK classes, from those corresponding to passively evolving galaxies, to HII
galaxies undergoing a galaxy-wide starburst. The qualitative analysis is found
to be in excellent agreement with quantitative analyses of the same spectra. A
number of byproducts follow from the analysis. There is a tight correlation
between the age of the stellar population and the metallicity of the gas, which
is stronger than the correlations between galaxy mass and stellar age, and
galaxy mass and gas metallicity. The galaxy spectra are known to follow a
1-dimensional sequence, and we identify the luminosity-weighted mean stellar
age as the affine parameter that describes the sequence. All ASK classes happen
to have a significant fraction of old stars, although spectrum-wise they are
outshined by the youngest populations. Old stars are metal rich or metal poor
depending on whether they reside in passive galaxies or in star-forming
galaxies.Comment: Simple step-by-step guide to interpreting galaxy spectra. Accepted
for publication in ApJ. 17 pages with 21 figure
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