New York City Music Educators’ Perspectives of How the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted Access and Equity in Instrumental Music Education

Music education plays a foundational role in fostering students’ social and emotional well-being and promoting independent thought and the development of the students’ unique voices (Váradi, 2022; Westerlund, 2008). The COVID-19 pandemic and shutdown to the New York City school system resulted in an unprecedented disruption in K–12 education, exacerbating the disparities that existed in the educational system towards instrumental music. Using the theoretical lenses of Maslow’s (2015) hierarchy of needs and Adams (1965) Equity theory, this study asks: What are music educators’ perspectives on the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic on the quality, equity, and delivery of the instrumental music curriculum and experiences to students in New York City schools? What are the challenges and opportunities faced by music educators during the COVID-19 pandemic? Using the explanatory sequential mixed methods, the researcher surveyed New York City instrumental music educators who were employed during the COVID-19 pandemic and shutdown (March 2020 to May 2021). Data collected through the qualitative research yielded perceived impact pertaining to the following themes; curricular offerings, extra-curricular offerings, effects of programs, technical and remote modality. Based on the data provided in this research, it is clear that educators identify that the pandemic had an impact on instrumental music education in New York City. The findings of this research have implications for music educators as well as educational leaders and administrators at all levels of education. Recommendations include increasing instrument access, expanding the usage of online tools, and updating instrumental music curriculum

Low-pay higher pay and job satisfaction within the European Union: empirical evidence from fourteen countries

We examine differences in job satisfaction between low- and higher-paid workers within the European Union (EU). To do so The European Community Household Panel Data covering the period 1994-2001 is used. Then we test for differences in reported job satisfaction between low- and higher-paid workers. We also explain the existence of differences in the determinants of job satisfaction between these two types of workers and across countries. Our results indicate that low paid workers report a lower level of job satisfaction when compared with their higher paid counterparts in most countries, except in the UK. This supports the idea that low-wage employment in these countries mainly comprises low quality. The results also indicate that gap in average job satisfaction between low- and higher-paid workers is markedly wider in the Southern European countries than in the rest of EU. Finally, there are significant differences in the determinants of job satisfaction across countries. It seems then that a homogeneous policy may be inappropriate to increase satisfaction, and hence labour productivity, in the EU as a whole. Hence, an improvement of the quality of the jobs in the EU may require different policies. In particular, in some countries such as the United Kingdom removing low employment, namely through regulation, may worsen the workers’ well-being, although in other cases such a policy may lead to a totally different outcome.Job satisfaction,job quality,low-wage employment

New technologies in general aviation

This research explored the technological needs of GA pilots at international levels. Overall, single pilot operators tend to value costs as the most important feature of any technology, followed by technology that helps with pre-flight tasks as well as during flight. Remote monitoring, post-flight analysis and 3-D displays are technological features of lesser importance

Low-pay higher pay and job satisfaction within the European Union empirical evidence from fourteen countries.

We examine differences in job satisfaction between low-and higher-paid workers within the European Union (EU). to do so The European Community Houlshold Panel Data covering the period 1994-2001 is used. Then we test for differences in reported job satisfaction between these two types of workers and across countries. Our results inducate that low paid workers report a lower level of job satisfaction when compared with their higher paid counterparts in most countries, except in the UK. This supports the idea that low-wage employment in these countries mainly comprises low quality. The results also indicate that gap in average job satisfaction between low-and higher-paid workers is markedly wider in the Southern European countries than in the rest of EU. Finally, there are significant differences in the determinants of job satisfaction across countries. It seems then that a homeogeneous policy may be inapporopriate to increase satisfaction, and hence labour productivity, in the EU as a whole. Hence, lan imporovement of the quality of the jobs in the EU may require different policies. In particular, in some countries such as the United Kingdome removing low employment, namely through regulation, may worsen the workers' well-being. although in other cases such a policy may lead to a totally different outcome

Colección e identificación de ecotipos de caracoles terrestres en ecosistemas de la cuenca del Bajo Mayo - San Martín

During the months of Julio to December, 2008, compilations were effected of especimenes of terrestrial snails in 06 geographical points of the region of St Martin, prioritized according to empirical information of his prevalencia, wherefrom the information decided georefencial using an equipment GPS(GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM), all this process I develop in five phases or stages that were: 1) Conditioning cage, 2) Summary of information of prevalencia of the terrestrial snails, 3) Compilation of the specimens of snails and local characterization, 4) Conditioning of the terrestrial snails in his cages, 5) Morphologic characterization. They were predominantly especimenes of giant snails, known like "congompe" and "pucashimi", a major proportion of the second one being brought. The presence of snails in only six of ten zones of collection established, and in them the scanty existence of "congompes", indicate us that in the above mentioned zones the extraction of these was excessive, that exists a destruction of his habitat natives, or that the epoch of collection was not the most suitable. According to the biometric indexes that were registered we find that bigger congompes in size and weight they correspond to Shucshuyacu's zone, and in average they are major that the registered ones for the same species in Loreto. With regard to the pucashimi the zone that brought major indexes in size and weight they correspond to the especimenes collected in Mamonaquihua's zoneDurante los meses de Julio a Diciembre del 2008, se efectuaron recolecciones de especimenes de caracoles terrestres en 06 puntos geográficos de la región de San Martín, priorizados según información empírica de su prevalencia, de donde se determinó la información georefencial utilizando un equipo GPS, todo este proceso se desarrollo en cinco fases o etapas que fueron: 1) Acondicionamiento de jaulas o terrarios 2) Recopilación de información de prevalencia de los caracoles terrestres, 3) Recolección de los especimenes de caracoles y caracterización del lugar, 4) Acondicionamiento de los caracoles terrestres en sus jaulas, 5) Caracterización Morfológica. Se encontraron predominantemente especimenes de caracoles gigantes, conocidos como “congompe” y “pucashimi”, reportándose una mayor proporción del segundo. La presencia de caracoles en solo seis de las diez zonas de colección establecidas, y en ellas la escasa existencia de “congompes”, nos indican que en dichas zonas la extracción de éstos fue excesiva, que existe una destrucción de sus hábitat naturales, o que la época de colección no fue la más adecuada. Según los índices biométricos que se registraron encontramos que los congompes más grande en tamaño y peso corresponden a la zona de Shucshuyacu, y en promedio son mayores que los registrados para la misma especie en Loreto. Con respecto al pucashimi la zona que reportó mayores índices en cuanto tamaño y peso corresponden a los especimenes colectados en la zona de Mamonaquihua

Capacidad predictiva de mortalidad del índice de mannheim y del índice apache II en un hospital público de Loreto. 2018 – 2020

OBJETIVO: Determinar la capacidad predictiva de mortalidad del índice de Mannheim y del índice APACHE II en el Hospital Regional de Loreto. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Se realizará un estudio cuantitativo, analítico, retrospectivo. Un estudio para determinar la capacidad predictiva de mortalidad del índice de Mannheim y del índice APACHE II en el Hospital Regional de Loreto 2018- 2020. Para el análisis se realizará la tabulación de la información recopilada y se interpretaran los resultados de los instrumentos utilizados para determinar la capacidad predictiva de mortalidad del índice de Mannheim y del índice APACHE II. Los datos cualitativos se presentarán utilizando tablas de doble entrada donde se consignen las variables con sus respectivas frecuencias y porcentajes. Para evaluar la capacidad predictiva de mortalidad del índice de Mannheim y del índice APACHE II, se determinará el VPP, VPN, SENSIBILIDAD, ESPECIFICIDAD. Con la finalidad de evaluar factores de riesgo se realizará el análisis de regresión logística en el cual se reportará los Odds Ratio con una P < 0.05 al 95% de confianza. Se procesarán los datos con el paquete estadístico SPSS v23 RESULTADOS: Serán obtenidos según la realización del cronograma para análisis de datos. CONCLUSIONES: Se llevarán a cabo una vez obtenidos los resultados.OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive capacity of mortality of the Mannheim index and the APACHE II index in the Regional Hospital of Loreto. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A quantitative, analytical, retrospective study will be carried out. A study to determine the predictive capacity of mortality of the Mannheim index and the APACHE II index in the Regional Hospital of Loreto 2018-2020. For the analysis, the tabulation of the information collected will be performed and the results of the instruments used to determine the predictive capacity of mortality of the Mannheim index and the APACHE II index. The qualitative data will be presented using double entry tables where the variables with their respective frequencies and percentages are recorded. To evaluate the predictive capacity of mortality of the Mannheim index and the APACHE II index, the PPV, NPV, SENSITIVITY, and SPECIFICITY will be determined. In order to evaluate risk factors, the logistic regression analysis will be carried out in which the Odds Ratio will be reported with a P <0.05 at 95% confidence. The data will be processed with the statistical package SPSS v23. RESULTS: They will be obtained according to the completion of the schedule for data analysis. CONCLUSIONS: They will be carried out once the results are obtained

Study of fullerene-based molecular nanostructures in planetary nebulae

The main goal of this thesis is to unveil some questions related to the formation of complex fullerene-based molecules in space, with the aim of resolving some key problems in Astrophysics. The unexpected detections of fullerenes and graphene (possible C24) in the H-rich circumstellar environments of evolved stars indicate that these complex molecules are not so rare and have raised the idea that other forms of carbon such as hydrogenated fullerenes (fulleranes), buckyonions, and carbon nanotubes may be widespread in the Universe, playing an important role in many aspects of circumstellar/interstellar Chemistry and Physics. We explore this new and fertile field of research by focusing our study on Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe). First, we present a detailed diffuse interstellar band (DIB) radial velocity analysis and a complete search of diffuse bands towards three PNe (Tc 1, M 1-20, and IC 418) containing fullerenes. In particular, some DIBs are found to be unusually intense towards these sources; for example, an unusually strong 4428 Å absorption feature is a common characteristic of fullerene PNe. Interestingly, we report the first possible detection of two diffuse circumstellar bands (DCBs) at 4428 and 5780 Å in the fullerene-rich circumstellar environment around PN Tc 1. Second, we present VLT/ISAAC spectra in the 2.9-4.1 μm spectral region for the PNe Tc 1 and M 1-20. We report the non-detection of the most intense infrared bands of fullerene-related molecules such as fulleranes (like C60H36 and C60H18), around ~3.4-3.6 μm in both PNe. These non-detections, together with the tentative detection of fulleranes in the proto-PN IRAS 01005+7910, suggest that fulleranes may be formed in the short transition phase between AGB stars and PNe, but they are quickly destroyed by the UV radiation field from the central star. Finally, we present narrow-band mid-IR GTC/CanariCam images of the extended fullerene-containing PN IC 418. We study the relative spatial distribution of C60- and PAH-like species as well as the 9-13 μm carrier, with the aim of getting some observational constraints to the formation process of fullerenes in H-rich circumstellar environments. The residual C60 emission seen when subtracting the dust continuum emission might have several interpretations; the most interesting being that other fullerene-based species (e.g., fulleranes) may contribute to the observed 17.4 μm emission