Modelos de evaluación por competencias

El principal objetivo de este artículo es plantear propuestas concretas para llevar a cabo la evaluación y calificación del alumno en el nuevo modelo educativo establecido desde la publicación de la L.O.E. y sus diferentes desarrollos legislativos. Las referencias realizadas en la normativa, así como la literatura publicada en relación a la enseñanza por competencias sitúan los criterios de evaluación como elemento clave en la evaluación. Así mismo orientan hacia la utilización de indicadores de logro como elemento más adecuado para determinar el grado de consecución de objetivos y competencias. En el presente artículo se plantean dos propuestas de sistematización del proceso de evaluación y calificación del alumno tomando como referencia los citados indicadores de logro. La primera propuesta plantea una graduación de los indicadores asociada a la calificación, donde el logro de los primeros indicadores otorga la suficiencia y progresivamente una mayor calificación. En la segunda propuesta planteamos el diseño de indicadores como desarrollo y adecuación de los criterios de evaluación a los contenidos específicos de cada unidad didáctica. Plantea también la redacción de descriptores de los diferentes niveles de logro de cada indicador. Esto aportará gran información sobre la evolución del alumno en la adquisición de aprendizajes competenciales. De la comparación entre ambas propuestas concluimos que la primera tiene diversos puntos débiles, siendo la segunda la que más se adecua al enfoque por competencias y a la normativa. En el desarrollo del artículo se plantea el desarrollo de ambas propuestas a través de casos prácticos

Role of Circadian Clock on the Pathogenesis and Lifestyle Management in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Several features of the modern lifestyle, such as weekly schedules or irregular daily eating patterns, have become major drivers of global health problems, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sleep is an essential component of human well-being, and it has been observed that when circadian rhythms are disrupted, or when sleep quality decreases, an individual’s overall health may worsen. In addition, the discrepancy between the circadian and social clock, due to weekly work/study schedules, is called social jetlag and has also been associated with adverse metabolic profiles. Current management of NAFLD is based on dietary intake and physical activity, with circadian preferences and other environmental factors also needing to be taken into account. In this regard, dietary approaches based on chrononutrition, such as intermittent fasting or time-restricted feeding, have proven to be useful in realigning lifestyle behaviors with circadian biological rhythms. However, more studies are needed to apply these dietary strategies in the treatment of these patients. In this review, we focus on the impact of circadian rhythms and the role of sleep patterns on the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD, as well as the consideration of chrononutrition for the precision nutrition management of patients with NAFLD

Understanding the impact of hamstring injuries on match performance in Spanish professional soccer players: two full seasons follow-up

This study aimed to analyze the changes in match physical demands in professional soccer players after sustaining a hamstring injury, which was categorized based on injury severity. Seventy-two hamstring injuries involving sixty-four professional soccer players from the Spanish LaLiga™ were considered for this study. All injuries were classified according to their severity as moderate (resulting in eight to 28 missed days) and major (resulting in more than 28 missed days). Mediacoach video-tracking system collected time and external load variables and subsequently compared them between the pre-injury and return-to-play periods. The analyzed variables included distance covered at different velocities (i.e., total distance, at 18-21 km.h−1, at 21-24 km.h−1, and at more than 24 km.h-1), the number of sprints, accelerations, decelerations, and high metabolic load distance (HMLD). The results showed that players with both moderate and major injuries played fewer minutes after injury (p<.001 to p<.05) and experienced a decrease in maximum speed (p<.01 to p<.05), covering less total distance (p<.05) and exhibiting a decrease (p<.05) in average speed (only observed in players with major injuries). Additionally, moderately injured players experienced a reduction in the number of maximum accelerations (p<.05) and decelerations (p<.05), high metabolic load distance/min (p<.05), and average accelerations (p<.05). Furthermore, a significant reduction in the magnitude of maximum decelerations was observed in players with major injuries (p<.05). These findings highlight the importance of implementing strategies that enable the attainment of initial levels of high-intensity actions and maximum speed in reconditioning programs following hamstring injuries

Planeamiento estratégico 2023-2026 para un supermercado en el Perú

El presente trabajo se enfoca en el diseño y propuesta de un plan estratégico desde los frentes de marketing, operaciones, recursos humanos y responsabilidad social empresarial, englobados con un enfoque financiero para la empresa Supermercados Metro que le permita incrementar el market share de un menor porcentaje menor a otro mayor en 4 años, y liderar el sector de supermercados en el Perú. Para ello, el estudio inicia con el diagnóstico del entorno, desde el punto de vista político, macroeconómico y perfil del cliente respecto a su percepción de los supermercados y factores de decisión de compra. Luego de ello, se realiza el análisis de la industria de supermercados y se evalúa el nivel de rivalidad de competidores y poder de los compradores, de lo cual se concluye que coexisten variables que son favorables para estrategias expansivas e innovadoras para lograr posicionar e incrementar la cuota de mercado de Supermercados Metro frente a sus competidores locales

Synergic effect of ozonation and electrochemical methods on oxidation and toxicity reduction: Phenol degradation

The degradation of phenol was studied under three chemical environments, ozonation (O3), electrooxidation (EO) and ozonation-electro-oxidation (O3-EO) coupled process. The parent compound concentration was established by UV–Vis spectrophotometry while the by-products were identified by HPLC. This allowed proposing a mechanism of phenol oxidation during the coupled process. This coupled process was found to practically mineralize all phenol (TOC removal = 99.8%) under pH 7.0 ± 0.5 and at a current density of 60 mA cm 2, 0.05 L min 1 flowrate, ozone concentration of 5 ± 0.5 mg L 1. Furthermore, it was found that the coupled process is practically twice faster than the EO process alone to achieve a high degree of mineralization. In this sense, it was concluded that ozone alone only partially mineralizes the phenol molecule and mainly leads to the formation of aliphatic compounds. In addition, the toxicities of phenol and its degradation products were established by using a bioassay with lettuce seeds. It was concluded that, unlike ozonation, the coupled oxidation process not only mineralizes the organic molecule but also completely eliminates the toxicity of the treated phenolic solution

A lysimeter study under field conditions of nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in a turf grass crop amended with peat and hydrogel.

Golf courses represent an agricultural activitywherein grass is intensively cultivated using large quantities of fertilizers. In the present study, nitrogen and phosphorus leaching was analyzed over two years in an experimental green under actual field conditions. The green contained four plots with distinct amendments (P1: hydrogel + peat, P2: peat, P3: hydrogel, and P4: no amendment). The applied doses of nitrogen ranged from 5 to 103 kg/ha and of phosphorus from 9 to 31 kg/ha. The irrigation level varied as a function of the rainfall regime and the water requirements of grass; overall water intake varied from 1550 to 2080 mm/year. Daily, leached water volumewas calculated, and sampleswere taken for chemical analysis. Nitrogen and phosphorus mass balances were calculated for different periods based on the collected data. The plot amendedwith peat and hydrogel (P1) had reducedwater flow; the percentage of drainagewater varied from 8.4 to 29%. As a result, the dissolution and leaching of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were the lowest in comparison to the other plots. According to the calculated mass balances, the lowest leaching values were also recorded in this plot (P1), ranging from0.5 to 6.3% for N and from0.8 to 20.9% for P. The plotwithoutamendment (P4) drained the mostwater (25.9–44.8%) and leached the highest quantities of N and P, ranging from 9.1–45.7%, and 6–35.9%, respectively. The use of doubleamendments (hydrogel and peat) therefore represented optimal operating conditions for the green. Moreover, a relationship was found between increasing rates of fertilization and increasing percentages of N and P leaching as well as between higher irrigation levels and greater leaching. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Warm-Chaplygin inflationary universe model

Warm inflationary universe models in the context of a Chaplygin gas equation are studied. General conditions required for these models to be realizable are derived and discussed. By using a chaotic potential we develop models for a dissipation coefficient of the form $\Gamma\propto \phi^n$, with $n=0$ or $n\neq 0$.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Physics Letters