8 research outputs found

    The Joola civilization and the management of mangroves in Lower Casamance, Senegal

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    The mangrove ecosystem is one of the most productive in Casamance and the most important biomes in Senegal. This threatened ecosystem is found on the banks of Casamance river and along its tributaries, known as the bolong or inlets. The importance of the mangrove ecosystem results from its biodiversity and its ecological, economic and socio-cultural in particular functions ritual places, totem cockpit, etc. The Lower Casamance mangroves are the site of diverse traditional representations and activities of the Joola society, including prohibitions on the cutting of mangroves and seasonal restrictions on the harvesting of oysters in restricted access. We conducted research designed to understand the practices associated with the use of mangroves by the Joola society. The methodology we used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Semi-structured informal and individual interviews, as well as field observations were carried out. The results of our research show that mangroves are considered sacred by the Joola and that the practices they conduct in these areas are governed by very strict and traditional rules. These practices are animated by various representations that crystallize their behaviors in totems, taboos, rituals and the sacredness of natural spaces. However, with the adoption of monotheistic religions notably Islam and Christianity, certain prohibitions and beliefs that have preserved these spaces are disappearing and that mangroves are deteriorating. Therefore, traditional methods of in situ conservation must be preserved in order to ensure the protection of mangrove ecosystems. This article highlights the importance of Joola customs and practices and reviews traditional methods that have favored the conservation of parts of the mangrove.La mangrove constitue un des écosystèmes les plus productifs de la Casamance et une biomasse des plus importantes au Sénégal. Cet écosystème fragile et menacé se trouve sur les rives du fleuve Casamance (principal cours d’eau de la région) et de ses affluents les bolongs. L’importance de cette formation découle de sa biodiversité et de ses fonctions écologiques, économiques et socioculturelles notamment de lieux de rituel, habitacle de totem, etc. En Basse Casamance, la mangrove est le théâtre de diverses représentations et activités traditionnelles de la société diola. Elle est associée à des croyances qui interdisent de couper le bois de mangrove et de collecter des huîtres durant l’hivernage. L’accès aux zones de mangrove réservées aux pratiques culturelles (initiation) ou cultuelles (rituelles) est limité voire interdit. La méthodologie que nous avons utilisée est une combinaison d’approches qualitatives et quantitatives. Des entretiens semi-structurés informels et individuels, ainsi que des observations sur le terrain ont également été réalisés. Les résultats de nos recherches montrent que les espaces de mangrove associée aux pratiques traditionnelles sont déclarés sacrés et régis par des règles très strictes et traditionnelles. Ces pratiques sont animées par diverses représentations qui cristallisent leurs comportements dans des totems, des tabous, des rituels et le caractère sacré des espaces naturels. Cependant, avec l'adoption des religions monothéistes notamment l'islam et le christianisme, certaines interdictions et croyances qui ont préservé ces espaces disparaissent et les mangroves se dégradent. Pourtant, ces espaces de mangrove sacrée font partis des sites les moins soumis aux phénomènes de dégradation. Par conséquent, les méthodes traditionnelles de conservation in situ doivent être préservées afin d'assurer la protection des écosystèmes de mangroves. Cet article met en évidence l'importance des coutumes et pratiques diola et passe en revue les méthodes traditionnelles qui ont favorisé la conservation de certaines parties de la mangrove

    La Perte de Savoirs et de Pratiques Endogenes: Risques pour l’Envitonnement Naturel du Territoire Blouf en Basse Casamance (Senegal)

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    Au SĂ©nĂ©gal, l’environnement naturel en gĂ©nĂ©ral subit de nombreuses agressions (sĂ©cheresse, pollution, destruction des habitats et surexploitation) qui sont autant de causes de perte de la biodiversitĂ©. Pourtant, en dĂ©pit de ces multiples agressions, il existe encore des endroits en Basse Casamance oĂą l’on peut trouver une biodiversitĂ© remarquable. Entre autres milieux, figurent les sites naturels sacrĂ©s qui jouissent d’une protection fondĂ©e sur des règles traditionnelles, lesquelles reposent sur des savoirs locaux transmis Ă  travers les gĂ©nĂ©rations. Les savoirs locaux identifiĂ©s ainsi que de nombreuses pratiques locales contribuent Ă  la conservation des ressources naturelles, malgrĂ© les pressions multiples. Ces ressources ont des valeurs culturelles, spirituelles et matĂ©rielles remarquables. Aujourd’hui, la prise de conscience par la communautĂ© scientifique de l’intĂ©rĂŞt de ces savoirs endogènes pour la conservation, pose le problème de leur maintien. Le prĂ©sent article fait le point sur cette question Ă  partir d’une recherche bibliographique et d’enquĂŞtes essentiellement qualitatif menĂ©es Ă  l’aide d’un guide d’entretien et des focus groupes qui ont permis de faire un Ă©tat des lieux sur les savoirs et pratiques qui subsistent et qui sont bĂ©nĂ©fiques pour la conservation.   In Senegal, the natural environment, in general, suffers from numerous aggressions (drought, pollution, destruction of habitats, and overexploitation) which are as many causes of loss of biodiversity. Yet, despite these multiple attacks on the environment, there are still places in Lower Casamance where we can find remarkable biodiversity. Among other environments are the sacred natural sites that enjoy protection based on traditional rules, which rely on local knowledge passed down through the generations. The knowledge identified in the biophysical and sociocultural environments as well as many local practices contribute to the conservation of marine and coastal natural resources, despite the multiple pressures. These resources have remarkable cultural, spiritual, and material values. Today, with the scientific community's awareness of the interest of this endogenous knowledge for conservation, its maintenance is necessary for the well-being of local communities whose survival depends directly on resources. This article reviews this question on the basis of a bibliographic search and essentially qualitative surveys using interview guides and focus groups that allowed us to take stock of the knowledge and practices that remain and are beneficial for conservation

    La Perte des Savoirs et Pratiques Endogenes: Risques pour l’Environnement Naturel du Territoire Blouf en Basse Casamance (Senelgal)

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    Au SĂ©nĂ©gal, l’environnement naturel en gĂ©nĂ©ral subit de nombreuses agressions (sĂ©cheresse, pollution, destruction des habitats et surexploitation) qui sont autant de causes de perte de la biodiversitĂ©. Pourtant, en dĂ©pit de ces multiples agressions, il existe encore des endroits en Basse Casamance oĂą l’on peut trouver une biodiversitĂ© remarquable. Entre autres milieux, figurent les sites naturels sacrĂ©s qui jouissent d’une protection fondĂ©e sur des règles traditionnelles, lesquelles reposent sur des savoirs locaux transmis Ă  travers les gĂ©nĂ©rations. Les savoirs locaux identifiĂ©s ainsi que de nombreuses pratiques locales contribuent Ă  la conservation des ressources naturelles, malgrĂ© les pressions multiples. Ces ressources ont des valeurs culturelles, spirituelles et matĂ©rielles remarquables. Aujourd’hui, la prise de conscience par la communautĂ© scientifique de l’intĂ©rĂŞt de ces savoirs endogènes pour la conservation, pose le problème de leur maintien. Le prĂ©sent article fait le point sur cette question sur la base d’une recherche bibliographique et d’enquĂŞtes essentiellement qualitatif menĂ©es Ă  l’aide de questionnaires et des focus groupes qui ont permis de faire un Ă©tat des lieux sur les savoirs et pratiques qui subsistent et qui sont bĂ©nĂ©fiques pour la conservation. Les interviews sont rĂ©alisĂ©es auprès de 111 mĂ©nages de la contrĂ©e Blouf.   In Senegal, the natural environment in general suffers from numerous aggressions (drought, pollution, destruction of habitats and overexploitation) which are as many causes of loss of biodiversity. Yet, despite these multiple attacks on the environment, there are still places in Lower Casamance where we can find remarkable biodiversity. Among other environments are the sacred natural sites that enjoy protection based on traditional rules, which rely on local knowledge passed down through the generations. The knowledge identified in the biophysical and sociocultural environments as well as many local practices contribute to the conservation of marine and coastal natural resources, despite the multiple pressures. These resources have remarkable cultural, spiritual and material values. Today, with the scientific community's awareness of the interest of this endogenous knowledge for conservation, its maintenance is necessary for the well-being of local communities whose survival depends directly on resources. This article reviews this question on the basis of a bibliographic search and essentially qualitative surveys using questionnaires and focus groups that allowed us to take stock of the knowledge and practices remain and are beneficial for conservation. Interviews are conducted with 111 households in the Blouf region

    La Perte des Savoirs et Pratiques Endogenes: Risques pour l’Environnement Naturel du Territoire Blouf en Basse Casamance (Senelgal)

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    Au SĂ©nĂ©gal, l’environnement naturel en gĂ©nĂ©ral subit de nombreuses agressions (sĂ©cheresse, pollution, destruction des habitats et surexploitation) qui sont autant de causes de perte de la biodiversitĂ©. Pourtant, en dĂ©pit de ces multiples agressions, il existe encore des endroits en Basse Casamance oĂą l’on peut trouver une biodiversitĂ© remarquable. Entre autres milieux, figurent les sites naturels sacrĂ©s qui jouissent d’une protection fondĂ©e sur des règles traditionnelles, lesquelles reposent sur des savoirs locaux transmis Ă  travers les gĂ©nĂ©rations. Les savoirs locaux identifiĂ©s ainsi que de nombreuses pratiques locales contribuent Ă  la conservation des ressources naturelles, malgrĂ© les pressions multiples. Ces ressources ont des valeurs culturelles, spirituelles et matĂ©rielles remarquables. Aujourd’hui, la prise de conscience par la communautĂ© scientifique de l’intĂ©rĂŞt de ces savoirs endogènes pour la conservation, pose le problème de leur maintien. Le prĂ©sent article fait le point sur cette question sur la base d’une recherche bibliographique et d’enquĂŞtes essentiellement qualitatif menĂ©es Ă  l’aide de questionnaires et des focus groupes qui ont permis de faire un Ă©tat des lieux sur les savoirs et pratiques qui subsistent et qui sont bĂ©nĂ©fiques pour la conservation. Les interviews sont rĂ©alisĂ©es auprès de 111 mĂ©nages de la contrĂ©e Blouf.   In Senegal, the natural environment in general suffers from numerous aggressions (drought, pollution, destruction of habitats and overexploitation) which are as many causes of loss of biodiversity. Yet, despite these multiple attacks on the environment, there are still places in Lower Casamance where we can find remarkable biodiversity. Among other environments are the sacred natural sites that enjoy protection based on traditional rules, which rely on local knowledge passed down through the generations. The knowledge identified in the biophysical and sociocultural environments as well as many local practices contribute to the conservation of marine and coastal natural resources, despite the multiple pressures. These resources have remarkable cultural, spiritual and material values. Today, with the scientific community's awareness of the interest of this endogenous knowledge for conservation, its maintenance is necessary for the well-being of local communities whose survival depends directly on resources. This article reviews this question on the basis of a bibliographic search and essentially qualitative surveys using questionnaires and focus groups that allowed us to take stock of the knowledge and practices remain and are beneficial for conservation. Interviews are conducted with 111 households in the Blouf region

    Endogenous strategies for the management of marine resources by the Jola Populations in Blouf and Bliss-Karone regions in Lower Casamance, Senegal

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    This work proposes, on the basis of empirical and qualitative research of the information through interviews and observations on the ground, to highlight thedifferent local strategies prevailing in the governance of marine natural resources in Blouf and Bliss-Karone. It will also tackle the question of seeing the importance of these resources for sustenance. Surveys of a sample of 91 people, or 5% of households per village, have highlighted remarkable management practices. The direct dependence of populations on natural resources for their well-being has led to the introduction of a complex system of rules and conventions, normalizing their access. The restrictions (taboos or gnei-gnei, in jola) imposed for this purpose on lucrative marine resources (oysters, arches and fish) aim to ensure equal access to all members of the community and to ensure that they are sensibly used. Likewise, periods of biological rest and exploitation are also instituted. Other resources subject to limitations include the mangrove swamp and some mangrove ecosystem sites intentionally protected to restore the ecological conditions of the environment and promote species reproduction. The results indicate that these restrictions are of great importance for their conservation because the taboos imposed on these resources make it possible to enforce the rules. But, growing threats from the modern world, such as revealed religions and modernism, weigh on many animist practices. Thus, these management systems should be recognized for the sustainable conservation of natural resources in general. Keywords: Endogenous strategies, management, marine resources, jola, Blouf, Bliss-Karone, Lower Casamanc

    Sites naturels sacrés et conservation des ressources marines et côtières en milieu traditionnel diola (Sénégal)

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    Sacred and natural sites have a social, cultural and spiritual importance for the Jola people in Lower Casamance. Moreover, they have a vital role for the preservation of natural resources and the biodiversity in general and then, undoubtedly present an ecological interest. In the Bliss- Kassa and in the Community Conserved Area of Mangagoulack, SNS are still very present. The Jola people have very close relations with nature, some of which elements are considered as parts and parcel of their society. Some sacred natural sites were included in this research with a view to a better understanding of their functioning, but also to shed light on how they contribute to the lasting preservation of marine and coastal resources.This paper highlights the role of sacred and natural sites for the preservation of natural, sea and coastal resources in the past and today, the traditional management and preservation methods of those sites, their state of conservation and the threats they are facing

    Sites D’eau Sacrés Et Conservation De La Biodiversité : Cas Des Paysages D’eau De La Région De Ziguinchor (Sénégal)

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    The region of Ziguinchor, located in the south of Senegal, is entirely within Lower Casamance. Populated mainly by Ajamaat, this region is characterized geographically by a predominance of water landscapes that give it the image of an "amphibious" territory. This aquatic environment dominated by the Casamance River from which many bolongs stand out is also made up of mangroves, shallows and multitudes of ponds associated with them. The ajamaat populations thus draw an essential part of their resources from this environment. However, beyond its nourishing aspect, the aquatic environment occupies an important place in the traditional ajamaat beliefs. Considered as sanctuaries for many beings who populate the religious universe ajamaat, the water landscapes of Lower Casamance are sacred spaces whose access is subject to prohibitions. This aspect reflects the contribution of beliefs in the preservation of biodiversity. La région de Ziguinchor, située au sud du Sénégal, est entièrement comprise dans la Basse Casamance. Peuplée essentiellement par des Ajamaat, cette région se caractérise au plan géographique par une prédominance des paysages de l’eau qui lui donnent l’image d’un territoire « amphibie ». Cet environnement aquatique dominé par le fleuve Casamance d’où se détachent de nombreux bolong est aussi constitué de mangroves, de bas-fonds et de multitudes de mares qui leurs sont associées. Les populations ajamaat tirent ainsi une part essentielle de leurs ressources dans ce milieu. Toutefois, au-delà de son aspect nourricier, l’environnement aquatique occupe une place importante dans les croyances traditionnelles ajamaat. Considérés comme sanctuaires de nombreux êtres qui peuplent l’univers religieux ajamaat, les paysages de l’eau de la Basse Casamance sont des espaces sacrés dont l’accès est soumis à des interdits. Cet aspect traduit l’apport des croyances dans la préservation de la biodiversité
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