424 research outputs found
Epidemiological characterization of resistance and PCR typing of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei strains isolated from bacillary dysentery cases in Southeast Brazil
Shigella spp are Gram-negative, anaerobic facultative, non-motile, and non-sporulated bacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae family responsible for "Shigellosis" or bacillary dysentery, an important cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. However, despite this, there are very few epidemiological studies about this bacterium in Brazil. We studied the antibiotic resistance profiles and the clonal structure of 60 Shigella strains (30 S. flexneri and 30 S. sonnei) isolated from shigellosis cases in different cities within the metropolitan area of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. We used the following well-characterized molecular techniques: enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus, repetitive extragenic palindromic, and double-repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction to characterize the bacteria. Also, the antibiotic resistance of the strains was determined by the diffusion disk method. Many strains of S. flexneri and S. sonnei were found to be multi-resistant. S. flexneri strains were resistant to ampicillin in 83.3% of cases, chloramphenicol in 70.0%, streptomycin in 86.7%, sulfamethoxazole in 80.0%, and tetracycline in 80.0%, while a smaller number of strains were resistant to cephalothin (3.3%) and sulfazotrim (10.0%). S. sonnei strains were mainly resistant to sulfamethoxazole (100.0%) and tetracycline (96.7%) and, to a lesser extent, to ampicillin (6.7%) and streptomycin (26.7%). Polymerase chain reaction-based typing supported the existence of specific clones responsible for the shigellosis cases in the different cities and there was evidence of transmission between cities. This clonal structure would probably be the result of selection for virulence and resistance phenotypes. These data indicate that the human sanitary conditions of the cities investigated should be improved
Epidemiological Characterization Of Resistance And Pcr Typing Of Shigella Flexneri And Shigella Sonnei Strains Isolated From Bacillary Dysentery Cases In Southeast Brazil.
Shigella spp are Gram-negative, anaerobic facultative, non-motile, and non-sporulated bacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae family responsible for Shigellosis or bacillary dysentery, an important cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. However, despite this, there are very few epidemiological studies about this bacterium in Brazil. We studied the antibiotic resistance profiles and the clonal structure of 60 Shigella strains (30 S. flexneri and 30 S. sonnei) isolated from shigellosis cases in different cities within the metropolitan area of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. We used the following well-characterized molecular techniques: enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus, repetitive extragenic palindromic, and double-repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction to characterize the bacteria. Also, the antibiotic resistance of the strains was determined by the diffusion disk method. Many strains of S. flexneri and S. sonnei were found to be multi-resistant. S. flexneri strains were resistant to ampicillin in 83.3% of cases, chloramphenicol in 70.0%, streptomycin in 86.7%, sulfamethoxazole in 80.0%, and tetracycline in 80.0%, while a smaller number of strains were resistant to cephalothin (3.3%) and sulfazotrim (10.0%). S. sonnei strains were mainly resistant to sulfamethoxazole (100.0%) and tetracycline (96.7%) and, to a lesser extent, to ampicillin (6.7%) and streptomycin (26.7%). Polymerase chain reaction-based typing supported the existence of specific clones responsible for the shigellosis cases in the different cities and there was evidence of transmission between cities. This clonal structure would probably be the result of selection for virulence and resistance phenotypes. These data indicate that the human sanitary conditions of the cities investigated should be improved.40249-5
Salmonella Typhimurium, Infantis, Derby, and Enteritidis survival in pasty dulce de leche
Epidemiological Characterization Of Resistance And Pcr Typing Of Shigella Flexneri And Shigella Sonnei Strains Isolated From Bacillary Dysentery Cases In Southeast Brazil
Shigella spp are Gram-negative, anaerobic facultative, non-montile, and non-sporulated bacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae family responsible or "Shigellosis" or bacillary dysentery, an important cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. However, despite this, there are very few epidemiological studies about this bacterium in Brazil. We studied the antibiotic resistance profiles and the clonal structure of 60 Shigella strains (30 S.flexneri and 30 S. sonnei) isolated from shigellosis cases in different cities within the metropolitan area of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. We used the following well-characterized molecular techniques: enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus, repetitive extragenic palindromic, and double-repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction to characterize the bacteria. Also, the antibiotic resistance of the strains was determined by the diffusion disk method. Many strains of S. flexneri and S. sonnei were found to be multi-resistant. S. flexneri strains were resistant to ampicillin in 83.3% of cases, chloramphenicol in 70.0%, streptomycin in 86.7%, sulfamethoxazole in 80.0%, and tetracycline in 80.0%, while a smaller number of strains were resistant to cephalothin (3.3%) and sulfazotrim (10.0%). S. sonnei strains were mainly resistant to sulfamethoxazole (100.0%) and tetracycline (96.7%) and, to a lesser extent, to ampicillin (6.7%) and streptomycin (26.7%). Polymerase chain reaction-based typing supported the existence of specific clones responsible for the shigellosis cases in the different cities and there was evidence of transmission between cities. This clonal structure would probably be the result of selection for virulence and resistance phenotypes. These data indicate that the human sanitary conditions of the cities investigated should be improved.402249258Murray, P.R., Rosenthal, K.S., Kobayashi, G.S., Pfaller, M.A., (1998) Medical Microbiology, , 3rd edn. St. Louis: Mosby-Year BookJawetz, E., Melnick, J.L., Adelber, E.A., (2000) Microbiologia Médica, , Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara KooganSansonetti, P.J., Rupture, invasion and inflammatory destruction of the intestinal barrier by Shigella, making sense of prokaryote-eukaryote cross-talks (2001) FEMS Microbiol Rev, 25, pp. 3-14Thong, K.L., Hoe, S.L., Puthucheary, S.D., Yasin, R.M., Detection of virulence genes in Malaysian Shigella species by multiplex PCR assay (2005) BMC Infect Dis, 5, p. 8Parsot, C., Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli pathogenicity factors (2005) FEMS Microbiol Lett, 252, pp. 11-18Kopecko, D.J., Holcombe, J., Formal, S.B., Molecular characterization of plasmids from virulent and spontaneously occurring avirulent colonial variants of Shigella flexneri (1979) Infect Immun, 24, pp. 580-582Hale, T.L., Genetic basis of virulence in Shigella species (1991) Microbiol Rev, 55, pp. 206-224Rolland, K., Lambert-Zechovsky, N., Picard, B., Denamur, E., Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli strains are derived from distinct ancestral strains of E. coli (1998) Microbiology, 144 (PART 9), pp. 2667-2672Coimbra, R.S., Grimont, F., Grimont, P.A., Identification of Shigella serotypes by restriction of amplified O-antigen gene cluster (1999) Res Microbiol, 150, pp. 543-553Joklik, W.K., Willet, H.P., Amos, D.B., Wilfert, C.M., (1994) Microbiblogía, , Zinsser (Editor), Buenos Aires: Editora Médica PanamericanaShears, P., Shigelle infections (1996) Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 90, pp. 105-114Ochman, H., Whittam, T.S., Caugant, D.A., Selander, R.K., Enzyme polymorphism and genetic population structure in Escherichia Coli and Shigella (1983) J Gen Microbiol, 129, pp. 2715-2726Navia, M.M., Capitano, L., Ruiz, J., Vargas, M., Urassa, H., Schellemberg, D., Typing and characterization of mechanisms of resistance of Shigella spp. isolated from feces of children under 5 years of age from Ifakara, Tanzania (1999) J Clin Microbiol, 37, pp. 3113-3117Surdeanu, M., Ciudin, L., Pencu, E., Straut, M., Comparative study of three different DNA fingerprint techniques for molecular typing of Shigella flexneri strains isolated in Romania (2003) Eur J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 703-710Brenner, D.J., Fanning, G.R., Miklos, G.V., Steigerwalt, A.G., Polynucleotide sequence relatedness among Shigella species (1973) Int J Syst Bacteriol, 23, pp. 1-7Brenner, D.J., Fanning, G.R., Skerman, F.J., Falkow, S., Polynucleotide sequence divergence among strains of Escherichia coli and closely related organisms (1972) J Bacteriol, 109, pp. 953-965Brenner, D.J., Steigerwalt, A.G., Wathen, H.G., Gross, R.J., Rowe, B., Confirmation of aerogenic strains of Shigella boydii 13 and further study of Shigella serotypes by DNA relatedness (1982) J Clin Microbiol, 16, pp. 432-436Pupo, G.M., Karaolis, D.K., Lan, R., Reeves, P.R., Evolutionary relationships among pathogenic and nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains inferred from multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and mdh sequence studies (1997) Infect Immun, 65, pp. 2685-2692Pupo, G.M., Lan, R., Reeves, P.R., Multiple independent origins of Shigella clones of Escherichia coli and convergent evolution of many of their characteristics (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97, pp. 10567-10572Lee, T.M., Chang, C.Y., Chang, L.L., Chen, W.M., Wang, T.K., Chang, S.F., One predominant type of genetically closely related Shigelia sonnei prevalent in four sequential outbreaks in school children (2003) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 45, pp. 173-181Liu, P.Y., Lau, Y.J., Hu, B.S., Shyr, J.M., Shi, Z.Y., Tsai, W.S., Analysis of clonal relationships among isolates of Shigella sonnei by different molecular typing methods (1995) J Clin Microbiol, 33, pp. 1779-1783Lima, A.A., Lima, N.L., Pinho, M.C., Barros Jr., E.A., Teixeira, M.J., Martins, M.C., High frequency of strains multiply resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline isolated from patients with shigellosis in northeastern Brazil during the period 1988 to 1993 (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 39, pp. 256-259Lima, A.A., Sidrim, J.J., Lima, N.L., Titlow, W., Evans, M.E., Greenberg, R.N., Molecular epidemiology of multiply antibiotic-resistant Shigella flexneri in Fortaleza, Brazil (1997) J Clin Microbiol, 35, pp. 1061-1065Lan, R., Alles, M.C., Donohoe, K., Martinez, M.B., Reeves, P.R., Molecular evolutionary relationships of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella spp (2004) Infect Immun, 72, pp. 5080-5088Versalovic, J., Koeuth, T., Lupski, J.R., Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in eubacteria and application to fingerprinting of bacterial genomes (1991) Nucleic Acids Res, 19, pp. 6823-6831Friedman, C.R., Stoeckle, M.Y., Johnson Jr., W.D., Riley, L.W., Double-repetitive-element PCR method for subtyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates (1995) J Clin Microbiol, 33, pp. 1383-1384Ausubel, F.M., Brent, R., Kingston, R.E., Struhl, K., Moore, D.D., Smith, J.Á., (1988) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, , Brooklyn: Greene Publishing AssociatesSambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., Maniatis, T., (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, , 2nd edn. New York: Gold Spring Harbor Laboratory PressYeh, F.C., Yang, R.C., Boyle, T., Popgene, Version 1.31. Microsoft Windows-Based Freeware for Population Genetic Analysis, , http://www.ualberta.ca/~fyeh/Almeida, M.T., Silva, R.M., Donaire, L.M., Moreira, L.E., Martinez, M.R., Enteropathogens associated with acute diarrheal disease in children (1998) J Pediatr, 74, pp. 291-298de Andrade, J.A., de Oliveira, J.O., Fagundes, N.U., Lethality in hospitalized infants with acute diarrhea: Risk factors associated with death (1999) Rev Assoc Med Bras, 45, pp. 121-127Fagundes-Neto, U., de Andrade, J.A., Acute diarrhea and malnutrition: Lethality risk in hospitalized infants (1999) J Am Coll Nutr, 18, pp. 303-308Fernandes, M.R., Trabulsi, L.R., Infectious resistance in pathogenic enteric organisms isolated in São Paulo, Brasil (Preliminary report) (1968) Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo, 10, pp. 52-53Gomes, T.A., Rassi, V., MacDonald, K.L., Ramos, S.R., Trabulsi, L.R., Vieira, M.A., Enteropathogens associated with acute diarrheal disease in urban infants in São Paulo, Brazil (1991) J Infect Dis, 164, pp. 331-337Medeiros, L.C., Hillers, V.N., Kendall, P.A., Mason, A., Food safety education: What should we be teaching to consumers? (2001) J Nutr Educ, 33, pp. 108-113Piechaud, D., Szturm-Rubinsten, S., Pessoa, G., Diversity of resistance types among Shigelia in São Paulo (Brasil) (author's transl) (1974) Ann Microbiol, 125, pp. 581-584Zuliani, M.E., Trabulsi, L.R., In vitro sensitivity of 166 Shigella strains isolated in São Paulo, Brazil, to sulphadiazine and five antibiotics (1968) Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo, 10, pp. 70-77Sears, C.L., Kaper, J.B., Enteric bacterial toxins: Mechanisms of action and linkage to intestinal secretion (1996) Microbiol Rev, 60, pp. 167-215Oplustil, C.P., Nunes, R., Mendes, C., Multicenter evaluation of resistance patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonenella spp and Shigella spp isolated from clinical specimens in Brazil: RESISTNET Surveillance Program (2001) Braz J Infect Dis, 5, pp. 8-12Casalino, M., Nicoletti, M., Salvia, A., Colonna, B., Pazzani, C., Calconi, A., Characterization of endemic Shigella flexneri strains in Somalia: Antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles, and serotype correlation (1994) J Clin Microbiol, 32, pp. 1179-118
Brazilian legislation for functional foods and the interface with the legislation for other food and medicine classes: contradictions and omissions
Measurement of the t(t)over-bar production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV
The top-antitop quark (t (t) over bar) production cross section is measured in proton-proton collisions at root s = 8 TeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.3 fb(-1). The measurement is performed by analysing events with a pair of electrons or muons, or one electron and one muon, and at least two jets, one of which is identified as originating from hadronisation of a bottom quark. The measured cross section is 239 +/- 2 (stat.) +/- 11 (syst.) +/- 6 (lum.) pb, for an assumed top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV, in agreement with the prediction of the standard model
2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015
Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research
Desempenho vegetativo e reprodutivo da pinheira (Annona squamosa L.) em função de diferentes comprimentos de ramos podados
Spinning Gland Transcriptomics from Two Main Clades of Spiders (Order: Araneae) - Insights on Their Molecular, Anatomical and Behavioral Evolution
Characterized by distinctive evolutionary adaptations, spiders provide a comprehensive system for evolutionary and developmental studies of anatomical organs, including silk and venom production. Here we performed cDNA sequencing using massively parallel sequencers (454 GS-FLX Titanium) to generate ∼80,000 reads from the spinning gland of Actinopus spp. (infraorder: Mygalomorphae) and Gasteracantha cancriformis (infraorder: Araneomorphae, Orbiculariae clade). Actinopus spp. retains primitive characteristics on web usage and presents a single undifferentiated spinning gland while the orbiculariae spiders have seven differentiated spinning glands and complex patterns of web usage. MIRA, Celera Assembler and CAP3 software were used to cluster NGS reads for each spider. CAP3 unigenes passed through a pipeline for automatic annotation, classification by biological function, and comparative transcriptomics. Genes related to spider silks were manually curated and analyzed. Although a single spidroin gene family was found in Actinopus spp., a vast repertoire of specialized spider silk proteins was encountered in orbiculariae. Astacin-like metalloproteases (meprin subfamily) were shown to be some of the most sampled unigenes and duplicated gene families in G. cancriformis since its evolutionary split from mygalomorphs. Our results confirm that the evolution of the molecular repertoire of silk proteins was accompanied by the (i) anatomical differentiation of spinning glands and (ii) behavioral complexification in the web usage. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to cluster most of the known spidroins in gene clades. This is the first large-scale, multi-organism transcriptome for spider spinning glands and a first step into a broad understanding of spider web systems biology and evolution
A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales: the Sustainable amazon network
Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network (Rede Amazônia Sustentável, RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far
- …