Hipanto e tubo estaminal em Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae)

(Hypanthium and staminal tube in Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae)). A woody ring surrounding the carpels was observed in longitudinal sections of flowers of five species of Xylopia L.. The stamens and staminodes were spirally inserted on this ring. An anatomical study of the mature flowers of Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. was conducted to elucidate the nature of this structure, concentrating on the vascularization from the base of the receptacle to the stamens, staminodes and carpels. The woody ring was shown to be appendicular and of mixed origin. It consists of the fusion of the sepals, as well as external and internal petals and filaments in the basal region, thereby constituting the hypanthium. In the apical portion it is exclusively formed by the fusion of the filaments, thus constituting a staminal tube. The epidermal cells covering the stamens and staminodes have a lignified and thickened wall, distinguishing them from the other epidermal cells of the sepals, petals and carpels. Such cells also cover the woody ring, demonstrating its staminal origin. The woody texture of this ring is probably due to the presence of lignin in the walls of its epidermal cells. According to the literature, this ring has been interpreted as being of receptacular nature, without any anatomical support. The appendicular origin of the hypanthium is here reported for the first time for both of the genus Xylopia and Annonaceae.(Hipanto e tubo estaminal em Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae)). Observou-se, em corte longitudinal de flores de cinco espécies de Xylopia, um anel lenhoso ao redor dos carpelos e sobre ele, inserido de forma espiralada, o conjunto de estames e estaminódios. Para elucidar a natureza desta estrutura, foi realizado um estudo anatômico em flores adultas de Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., particularmente da vascularização desde a base do receptáculo até os estames, estaminódios e carpelos. Constatou-se a natureza apendicular do anel lenhoso, o qual possui origem mista: na porção basal, ele é formado pela fusão das sépatas, pétalas externas, pétalas internas e filetes, constituindo-se em hipanto; na porção apical, o anel lenhoso é formado exclusivamente pela fusão de filetes. constituindo o tubo estaminal. As células epidérmicas que revestem os estames e estaminódios possuem paredes espessadas e lignificadas, distinguindo-se das demais células que compõem a epiderme das sépalas, pétalas e dos carpelos; tais células também revestem o anel lenhoso, demonstrando a sua origem estaminal. É provável que o aspecto lenhoso do anel se deva à presença de lignina nas paredes destas células. De acordo com a literatura, este anel sempre foi interpretado como tendo natureza receptacular, sem nenhum embasamento anatômico. A origem apendicular do hipanto é constatada pela primeira vez para Xylopia e também para as Annonaceae.818

Mecanismos epidemiológicos e moleculares que associam obesidade e câncer

About 25% of cancer cases globally are due to excess weight and a sedentary lifestyle. These results are alarming, as the world knows a pandemy of obesity and, in consequence, insulin resistance. Obesity may increase risk for various cancers by several mechanisms, including increasing sex and metabolic hormones, and inflammation. Here, we present a review of epidemiological and molecular evidences linking obesity and cancer - particularly colorectal, post-menopausal breast, endometrial, pancreatic, high grade prostate, hepatocellular, gallbladder, kidney and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The expected striking increase in the incidence of cancer in the near future related to obesity turns the knowledge of this field of great impact as it is needed to the development of strategies to prevent and treat this disease.Aproximadamente 25% dos casos de câncer são decorrentes do excesso de peso e do modo de vida sedentário. Esses resultados são alarmantes, pois o mundo vive uma pandemia de obesidade e, consequentemente, de resistência à insulina. A obesidade pode aumentar o risco de vários tipos de câncer por diversos mecanismos, incluindo aumento dos hormônios sexuais e metabólicos, e de inflamação. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma revisão das evidências epidemiológicas e moleculares que relacionam a obesidade ao câncer - em particular aos cânceres colorretal, mamário na pós-menopausa, endometrial, pancreático, prostático avançado, hepatocelular, de bexiga, renal e esofágico. O aumento esperado da incidência de câncer relacionado à obesidade em um futuro próximo torna o conhecimento dessa área de grande importância, uma vez que este é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de estratégias preventivas e terapêuticas para a doença.21322

Draft of Cheyenne & Arapahoe Report

https://digitalcommons.assumption.edu/mallet-manuscripts/1030/thumbnail.jp

Salivary protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders in people with a crack cocaine use disorder

The use of cocaine and its main derivative, crack, can cause some systemic effects that may lead to the development of some oral disorders. Objective: To assess the oral health of people with a crack cocaine use disorder and identify salivary protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders. Methodology: A total of 40 volunteers hospitalized for rehabilitation for crack cocaine addiction were enrolled; nine were randomly selected for proteomic analysis. Intraoral examination, report of DMFT, gingival and plaque index, xerostomia, and non-stimulated saliva collection were performed. A list of proteins identified was generated from the UniProt database and manually revised. Results: The mean age (n=40) was 32 (±8.88; 18–51) years; the mean DMFT index was 16±7.70; the mean plaque and gingival index were 2.07±0.65 and 2.12±0.64, respectively; and 20 (50%) volunteers reported xerostomia. We identified 305 salivary proteins (n=9), of which 23 were classified as candidate for biomarkers associated with 14 oral disorders. The highest number of candidates for biomarkers was associated with carcinoma of head and neck (n=7) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n=7), followed by periodontitis (n=6). Conclusions: People with a crack cocaine use disorder had an increased risk of dental caries and gingival inflammation; less than half had oral mucosal alterations, and half experienced xerostomia. As possible biomarkers for 14 oral disorders, 23 salivary proteins were identified. Oral cancer and periodontal disease were the most often associated disorders with biomarkers

Low iodine diet does not improve the efficacy of radioiodine for the treatment of Graves' disease

ABSTRACT Objective: Consuming a low-iodine diet (LID) is a widely accepted practice before administering radioiodine ( 131 I) to evaluate and to treat thyroid disease. Although this procedure is well established for the management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, its use in patients with benign disease is unclear. So, we aimed to evaluate the influence of a LID on the outcome in patients with Graves' disease (GD) treated with 131 I. Subjects and methods: We evaluated 67 patients with GD who were divided into 2 groups: one group (n = 31) consumed a LID for 1-2 weeks, and the second group (n = 36) was instructed to maintain a regular diet (RD). Results: The LID group experienced a 23% decrease in urinary iodine after 1 week on the diet and a significant 42% decrease after 2 weeks on the diet. The majority (53%) of the patients in the LID group had urinary iodine levels that were consistent with deficient iodine intake. However, there was no difference in the rate of hyperthyroidism's cure between the LID and the RD groups 6 months after 131 I therapy. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy did not differ in patients with varying degrees of sufficient iodine intake (corresponding urinary iodine levels: < 10 μg/dL is deficient; 10-29.9 μg/dL is sufficient; and > 30 μg/dL is excessive). Conclusion: In the present study, we demonstrated that although a LID decreased urinary iodine levels, those levels corresponding with sufficient or a mild excess in iodine intake did not compromise the therapeutic efficacy of 131 I for the treatment of GD. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(6):501-

Effect of the carbohydrate counting method on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The importance of achieving and maintaining an appropriate metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) has been established in many studies aiming to prevent the development of chronic complications. The carbohydrate counting method can be recommended as an additional tool in the nutritional treatment of diabetes, allowing patients with DM1 to have more flexible food choices. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of nutrition intervention and the use of multiple short-acting insulin according to the carbohydrate counting method on clinical and metabolic control in patients with DM1.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Our sample consisted of 51 patients with DM1, 32 females, aged 25.3 ± 1.55 years. A protocol of nutritional status evaluation was applied and laboratory analysis was performed at baseline and after a three-month intervention. After the analysis of the food records, a balanced diet was prescribed using the carbohydrate counting method, and short-acting insulin was prescribed based on the total amount of carbohydrate per meal (1 unit per 15 g of carbohydrate).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A significant decrease in A1c levels was observed from baseline to the three-month evaluation after the intervention (10.40 ± 0.33% and 9.52 ± 0.32%, respectively, p = 0.000). It was observed an increase in daily insulin dose after the intervention (0.99 ± 0.65 IU/Kg and 1.05 ± 0.05 IU/Kg, respectively, p = 0.003). No significant differences were found regarding anthropometric evaluation (BMI, waist, hip or abdominal circumferences and waist to hip ratio) after the intervention period.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The use of short-acting insulin based on the carbohydrate counting method after a short period of time resulted in a significant improvement of the glycemic control in patients with DM1 with no changes in body weight despite increases in the total daily insulin doses.</p