Tortuosity variation in a low density binary particulate bed

The importance of particle size ratio and particle composition in the properties of a mixed bed is well known. Nevertheless, the dependence of the bed channel tortuosity T on the porosity ε in the form T=1/εn, where n is assumed to be a constant, shows that the value of n depends on the properties of the packed bed. For loose packing, experimental data for binary mixtures of glass beads of a size ratio from 1 up to 53.8 was analysed in terms of porosity, tortuosity and permeability. The packing procedure was performed without intensive compacting methods e.g. vibration, etc. Obtained results show that the parameter n is a function of the volume fraction of large particles xD and, for spherical particles, lies in the range 0.4–0.5. The explanation for this variation is (1) a distortion effect on the small particles arrangement occurring near the large particle surface; (2) in the region of minimum porosity, near contact points of large particles, the occurrence of dead zones that are free of small particles. A relationship accounting for this effect is proposed that may be useful for the analysis of transport phenomena in granular bed filters, chromatographic columns, etc.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia FCT); FEDE

Application of binary packing for starch separation by hydrodynamic chromatography

Columns packed with commercial glass beads of 5 and 19 microns average diameter and binary mixtures with finest fraction of 5 micron (30 % volume fraction of the mixture) were used to analyse starch by hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC). Experiments were carried out at 3 and 15 ºC. The observed resolution increased with the application of binary packing as compared with single-size packing. The best results were obtained at starch’s amylopectin and amylose separation with a glass beads mixture (5 + 19 micron) at 3ºC. In what concerns amylopectin and amylose separation, a lower pressure drop were obtained for the mixed binary packing when compared with the packing containing uniform 5 micron glass beads. For the Hylon VII starch RRT were 0.777 and 0.964 for amylopectin (AP) and amylose (AM), respectively, while for the Tapioca starch the obtained RRTs were 0.799 and 0.923. Application of unbound glass beads as column packing might reduce equipment and running costs in preparative scale separations.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) .FEDER - projecto POCI_EQU_58337/200

Effect of real particles packing with large size ratio on porosity and tortuosity of filter bed

The complexity of processes involved in the formation of granular beds results in limited information about permeability κ , which directly rela tes with packing porosity ε and tortuosity T . For a mixed bed of particles significantly different in size, the influence of packing affects permeability. For a better understanding of the underlying relationship between κ , ε , and T in mixed beds of particles significantly different in size, simplified porous media model of binary mixture of spheres were used. Boundary analysis of the binary packing showed that the approach based on the fractional porosity of large and small size particle fractions gives a tool for ε control. This approach allows a new insight into the mixture structure and provides explanation for the different types of the obtained porosity. Binary packing of glass beads with size ratios 13.3, 20, and 26.7 were investigated. As a basic relation for the dependence of T on ε, at different volume fraction xD of large particles in the mixture, the formula T=1/ εⁿ was used. The obtained experimental results show that the parameter n is a function of the packing content xD and may vary in the range of 0.4-0.5. The reason for n variation was explained by the wall effect of the small particles arrangement occurring near the large particles surface. A model accounting for this effect is proposed and may be useful for transport phenomena analysis in granular bed filters.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) – Programa Operacional “Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação” (POCTI) - POCTI/EQU/37500/2001.União Europeia (UE). Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)

Particulate binary mixtures : dependence of packing porosity on particle size ratio

Binary mixtures with significant size ratios are scarcely studied. Yet, contaminants of chromatographic columns or ion-exchange resins have size ratios of delta < 0.1. Binary mixtures of glass beads with delta = 0.1-0.0375 were used experimentally to measure packing porosity. Simultaneously, a significant number of published data was analyzed. A linear mixing model was adopted to predict the porosity of each particle fraction in the binary mixture. Deviations from the model may be caused by wedging of small particles between the large ones. Large particles may disturb the porous medium properties by inducing a wall effect over the small particles. Wedging analysis led to the conclusion that, for delta < 0.01, its effect is insignificant. The wall effect yields an additional void around the large particles as long as delta > 0.0035. For delta < 0.0035, the small particles form a monosized dense packing and both wedging and wall effects become negligible.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) e FEDER – POCTI/EQU/37500/2001

Plano de emergência interno (PEI) : Mercado Municipal do Pinhal Novo

Pós-Graduação em Segurança e Higiene no TrabalhoNo âmbito do curso de Mestrado em Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho, foi elaborado o presente projeto final referente ao 1° ano do curso, no qual se pretende expor a aplicação dos conteúdos seccionados no decorrer do curso, bem como as competências adquiridas durante a componente prática em contexto real de trabalho realizada no Mercado Municipal de Pinhal Novo, edifício público propriedade da Câmara Municipal de Palmela. Este projeto denominado "Plano de Emergência Interno", tem como objetivo a elaboração de um Plano de Emergência Interno para o Mercado Municipal de Pinhal Novo. No Plano, é caracterizado o edifício, em termos físicos, técnicos e humanos, são identificados os riscos internos e externos inerentes e os meios de segurança contra incêndios disponíveis, tendo em conta a organização interna da emergência e de acordo com a legislação em vigor. A metodologia utilizada, baseia-se essencialmente na observação direta no edifício, através de uma inspeção técnica "in loco", em suporte documental sobre o edifício e em pesquisa bibliográfica. Com a elaboração deste Plano de Emergência Interno, pretende-se que o edifício do Mercado Municipal de Pinhal Novo, passe a dar cumprimento aos requisitos legais e contribua assim para a promoção da segurança dos seus funcionários, colaboradores e munícipes em geral.No âmbito do curso de Mestrado em Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho, foi elaborado o presente projeto final referente ao 1° ano do curso, no qual se pretende expor a aplicação dos conteúdos seccionados no decorrer do curso, bem como as competências adquiridas durante a componente prática em contexto real de trabalho realizada no Mercado Municipal de Pinhal Novo, edifício público propriedade da Câmara Municipal de Palmela. Este projeto denominado "Plano de Emergência Interno", tem como objetivo a elaboração de um Plano de Emergência Interno para o Mercado Municipal de Pinhal Novo. No Plano, é caracterizado o edifício, em termos físicos, técnicos e humanos, são identificados os riscos internos e externos inerentes e os meios de segurança contra incêndios disponíveis, tendo em conta a organização interna da emergência e de acordo com a legislação em vigor. A metodologia utilizada, baseia-se essencialmente na observação direta no edifício, através de uma inspeção técnica "in loco", em suporte documental sobre o edifício e em pesquisa bibliográfica. Com a elaboração deste Plano de Emergência Interno, pretende-se que o edifício do Mercado Municipal de Pinhal Novo, passe a dar cumprimento aos requisitos legais e contribua assim para a promoção da segurança dos seus funcionários, colaboradores e munícipes em geral

Influence of roof material on thermal comfort in broiler housings in the state of São Paulo

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo da influência de diferentes materiais de cobertura no conforto térmico de instalações destinadas à criação de frangos de corte. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Câmpus Experimental da UNESP de Dracena - SP. Quatro protótipos em escala real foram construídos, com área de 28 m² cada, cobertos com telha reciclada à base de embalagens longa vida, telha cerâmica, telha cerâmica pintada de branco e telha de fibrocimento. Os dados foram coletados durante o período de inverno de 2007, totalizando 90 dias. Com esses dados, foram calculados os índices de conforto térmico Carga Térmica Radiante (CTR) e a variável ambiental (Ta). Uma análise estatística por inferência e descritiva foi realizada com os valores do índice de conforto térmico e da variável ambiental. Com os resultados obtidos, é possível afirmar que a telha reciclada apresentou índices de conforto térmico semelhantes àqueles encontrados para as telhas cerâmicas. O protótipo coberto com telha de fibrocimento apresentou os maiores índices, e o coberto com telha cerâmica branca, os menores índices de conforto térmico. No entanto para o período de inverno e para os horários avaliados, todas as instalações apresentaram índices de conforto térmico fora da zona de termoneutralidade do frango de corte.This paper presents a different roof tiles influence study on the thermal comfort for broiler housings. The research was conducted at UNESP's Experimental Campus at Dracena, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Four prototypes in real scale were built, each with an area of 28 m². The prototype was covered with roof tiles made of recycled long-life packing material, ceramic tiles, ceramic tiles painted with white coating, and fiber/cement tiles. Temperatures inside the structures were recorded in the winter 2007 over a 90-day period. The results obtained indicated that recycled tile thermal behavior was similar to ceramic tiles. However for the winter period all the prototypes had presented comfort thermal index not in the broilers thermo neutral zone.FAPESPCNP

Microalgae biomass as an alternative source of biocompounds: New insights and future perspectives of extraction methodologies

Microalgae have characteristics that make them unique and full of potential. Their capacity to generate interesting bioactive molecules can add value to various industrial applications. However, most of these valuable compounds are intracellular, which makes their extraction a major bottleneck. Conventional extraction methodologies have some drawbacks, such as low eco-friendly character, high costs and energy demand, long treatment times, low selectivity and reduced extraction yields, as well as degradation of extracted compounds. The gaps found for these methods demonstrate that emergent approaches, such as ohmic heating, pulsed electric fields, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, or high-pressure processing, show potential to overcome the current drawbacks in the release and extraction of added-value compounds from microalgae. These new processing techniques can potentially extract a variety of compounds, making the process more profitable and applicable to large scales. This review provides an overview of the most important and promising factors to consider in the extraction methodologies applied to microalgae. Additionally, it delivers broad knowledge of the present impact of these methods on biomass and its compounds, raising the possibility of applying them in an integrated manner within a biorefinery concept.Vitor Sousa acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for their fellowship UI/BD/151238/2021. This study was supported by the FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 and UIDP/04469/2020 unit, by LABBELS – Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems (LA/P/0029/2020). This research work was supported by ALGAVALOR - Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234, supported by Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (COMPETE2020), Lisbon Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa 2020) and Algarve Regional Operational Programme (Algarve 2020) under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This work was funded by NORTE2020 Funds through the SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH - “STRUCTURED R & D & I PROJECTS” - HORIZON EUROPE under the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000070. Ricardo Pereira and Oscar Dias acknowledge FCT for the Assistant Research contract obtained under CEEC Individual 2017 and 2018, respectively.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Application of binary packing for chromatographic separation

Separation of dextran and polyethylene glycol of different molecular mass was performed using a binary packed column of glass beads (size ratio ~ 10) and a binary packed column formed by kieselguhr-G (for thin layer chromatography, Merck) and glass beads as the large size particulate fraction (size ratio ~ 30). In addition, data on the separation of micro-spheres, bacillus and yeast cells using monosized and binary glass beads columns are presented. Obtained results show the advantages of using binary packed columns formed by fine and coarse particles instead of a monosize packing of fine particles. The importance of pore channels tortuosity effect on the separation of shaped microparticles using a binary packing is demonstrated

Permeability and effective thermal conductivity of bisized porous media

In the region of minimum porosity of particulate binary mixtures, heat exchange and permeability were found to be higher than the ones obtained with a mono-size packing built with the same small size particles used in the binary packing. This effect was noticed in the range of the particles size ratio 0.1–1.0. The obtained improvement on thermal performance is related to the increase of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) in the binary packing and to the increase in transversal thermal dispersion due to the porosity decrease and tortuosity increase. Permeability can increase by a factor of two, if the size ratio between small and large spheres of a loose packing stays in the range 0.3–0.5.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - POCI/ EQU/58337/200

“Como um som de noite e um faiscar de dia”: os impactes da poluição sonora de baixa frequência em áreas residenciais no município de Guimarães, Portugal

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender os impactes da poluição sonora de baixa frequência na qualidade de vida da população e na sustentabilidade dos lugares, no município de Guimarães, Portugal. A investigação realizada foi desdobrada em duas vertentes. A primeira compreendeu medições sumárias realizadas em 2014, totalizando 9 pontos, com o grupo ‘próximo da fonte’, residentes no raio de até 50 metros, e o grupo ‘distante da fonte’, a mais de 250 metros de distância em relação à fonte. A segunda abarcou medições de 72 horas realizadas em 2015, com o grupo ‘muito próximo da fonte’ até 20 metros da fonte. A dimensão subjetiva compreendeu a percepção da incomodidade do ruído pela população usando um inquérito, adaptado da metodologia da Universidade de Salford. Na primeira abordagem, o ruído ultrapassa os valores da curva critério independente do grupo. Na segunda abordagem, os níveis de ruído medidos apresentam características flutuantes, e de acordo com a mesma metodologia, o ruído causado por essas infraestruturas pode ser incomodativo.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPE