Do indigenous peoples benefit from poverty programs? Evidence from Mexico´s 2000 census

Indigenous peoples are among the poorest in Latin America, and it is often argued that social policies do not reach them. At the same time, several countries have implemented in recent years new programs for poverty reduction that should have benefited the indigenous. In this paper, we use data from Mexico's 2000 census to test whether indigenous peoples living in the southern states of Chiapas, Guerrero and Oaxaca benefit from three large government programs: PROGRESA, FISM, and PROCAMPO.

Migration and Poverty in Mexico’s Southern States

While Mexico's southern states differ substantially in terms of their migration profile, many of the issues confronted by the three states are the same. In this paper, we focus on five questions: (a) How large are migration flows, and what can be expected in the future?; (b) To what extent does migration increase per capita income and thereby reduce poverty?; (c) What are the determinants of migration?; (d) What is the impact of remittances on poverty, inequality, and development?; and (e) What programs are implemented by the government to increase the benefits from remittances, and what can be done to reduce the cost for migrants of remitting?Mexico; Migration; Remittances; Poverty; Policies

Migration and Poverty in Mexico’s Southern States

While Mexico's southern states differ substantially in terms of their migration profile, many of the issues confronted by the three states are the same. In this paper, we focus on five questions: (a) How large are migration flows, and what can be expected in the future?; (b) To what extent does migration increase per capita income and thereby reduce poverty?; (c) What are the determinants of migration?; (d) What is the impact of remittances on poverty, inequality, and development?; and (e) What programs are implemented by the government to increase the benefits from remittances, and what can be done to reduce the cost for migrants of remitting

Do Indigenous Peoples Benefit from Poverty Programs?: Evidence from Mexicos 2000 Census

Indigenous peoples are among the poorest in Latin America, and it is often argued that social policies do not reach them. At the same time, several countries have implemented in recent years new programs for poverty reduction that should have benefited the indigenous. In this paper, we use data from Mexicos 2000 census to test whether indigenous peoples living in the southern states of Chiapas, Guerrero and Oaxaca benefit from three large government programs: PROGRESA, FISM, and PROCAMPO. We find that indigenous peoples are benefiting more than non-indigenous peoples from these programs, which are reducing poverty in a substantial way.En Latinoamérica los indígenas pertenecen a los sectores más pobres y con frecuencia se argumenta que las políticas sociales no los benefician. Asimismo, en los últimos años varios países han instrumentado nuevos programas que deberían beneficiar a los indígenas. En el presente estudio utilizamos datos del censo mexicano del 2000 para comprobar si los indígenas que viven en los estados de Chiapas, Guerrero y Oaxaca se han beneficiado de tres programas del gobierno: PROGRESA, FISM y PROCAMPO. Encontramos que estos han beneficiado más a los indígenas que al resto, ayudando a reducir la pobreza de forma sustancia

Trastornos Alimentarios en Jóvenes Guanajuatenses Trastornos Alimentarios en Jóvenes Guanajuatenses

Los trastornos alimentarios son desórdenes psicológicos que presentan graves anormalidades asociadas al consumo de alimentos, siendo los más frecuentes la anorexia y bulimia nerviosa y el comer compulsivo. Su prevalencia ha mostrado un sostenido incremento en los últimos años en muchos países del mundo. El presente estudio deriva de un proyecto más amplio sobre consumo de drogas, alcohol y tabaco en población estudiantil; uno de cada tres estudiantes de la muestra también respondieron a la forma A de cuestionario (n= 810) en la cual se basa el presente reporte cuyo objetivo fue determinar las características específicas de estos trastornos entre los alumnos del nivel medio superior de la Universidad de Guanajuato. Se utilizó un cuestionario en una muestra aleatoria, bietápica y por conglomerados. De los resultados destaca que: el rango de edad de los participantes fue de 14 a 20 años (media de 15,8 años); 46,5 % fueron hombres y 53,5 % mujeres; un porcentaje significativo de estudiantes mantiene hábitos alimentarios de riesgo (15 % nunca desayuna y más del 28 % sólo hace dos comidas al día); comparando el Índice de Masa Corporal reportado y el percibido fue frecuente encontrar alteraciones en la percepción del propio cuerpo. Entre los factores de riesgo está el hecho de que dos de cada diez alumnos ha tenido atracones y uno de cada diez se ha provocado el vómito con el fin de no subir de peso. A pesar de que estas cifras son inferiores a las reportadas en estudios nacionales, son indicadores significativos de la presencia de trastornos alimentarios entre los estudiantes de bachillerato. Eating disorders are psychological disorders related to abnormalities withthe eating behavior, being the most frequent anorexia, bulimia andcompulsive eating. Its prevalence has shown a sustained increase in the last years in many countries of the world. The present study derives from an ampler project on consumption of drugs, alcohol and tobacco in the student population; one out of three students of the sample also responded to the A Form questionnaire (n = 810) in which the present report is based and whose objective was to determine the specific characteristics of eating disorders in high school students at theUniversity of Guanajuato. A questionnaire was applied to arandomized, two-phases and by conglomerates, sample. Some results are: the rank of age of the participants was 14 to 20 years (average=15,8 yearsold); 46,5 % were males and 53,5 % females; a significant percentage of students maintain nutritional risk habits (15 % never have breakfast and more than 28 % have only two meals at day); comparing the Corporal Massreported and the perceived one, it was frequent to find alterations in the perception of the body. Among the risk factors, two out of ten students have gorged themselves and one of ten has provoked the vomit with the purpose of losing weight. Although these numbers are smaller than those reported in national studies, they are indicators of the presence of eating disorders among high school students

Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes del Nivel Medio Superior de la Universidad de Guanajuato Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes del Nivel Medio Superior de la Universidad de Guanajuato

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "AGaramond-Regular","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramond-Regular;">El consumo de drogas es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial y los estudiantes del nivel medio superior de la Universidad de Guanajuato no están exentos de éste fenómeno. El presente estudio evaluó la prevalencia del consumo de varias drogas, alcohol y tabaco, los factores psicosociales asociados y las diferencias de éstos por sexo. Se aplicó el “Cuestionario de estudiantes 2002” a 2 532 alumnos (rango de edad 13 a 22 años). Entre los resultados se encontró que el 14.2 % de la muestra ha consumido alguna droga ilegal alguna vez en su vida; las drogas más utilizadas son tranquilizantes, marihuana y cocaína. La prevalencia de consumo de drogas presentó índices superiores a los reportados nacionalmente. Fue detectada la influencia de la familia y de las creencias personales como factores protectores o de riesgo del consumo. Además, hubieron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres respecto a las drogas usadas y en las creencias sobre las mismas, entre otras. Ante un porcentaje de consumo tan elevado se vuelve necesario profundizar más en el tema.</span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br>Drug abuse is a public health world wide problem of, and Guanajuato’s University High School students are not exempt from this phenomenon. This study evaluated the prevalence in usage of several drugs, alcohol and tobacco, the associated psychosocial factors and the differences by sexes. The “Questionnaire for students 2002” was applied to 2 532 high school students (ranging from 13 to 22 yearsold). It was found that 14.2 % of the sample has used illegal drugs; the drugs mostly used were tranquilizers, marijuana and cocaine. In our sample, the drug consume (legal and illegal drugs) prevalences howed higher rate than the national reported. Family Influence and personal beliefs were detected as a consume protection factor. Differences by sexes about particular drugs use and the beliefs about them were found. In view of the results deeper studies are necessary