2,360 research outputs found
On `Graceful Exit' from inflationary phase in two-dimensional Liouville String Cosmology
Within the context of a super-critical (Liouville) string, we discuss
(target-space) two-dimensional string cosmology. A numerical analysis indicates
that the identification of time with the Liouville mode results in an expanding
universe with matter which exhibits an inflationary phase, and `graceful exit'
from it, tending asymptotically to a flat-metric fixed point.This fixed point
is characterized by a dilaton configuration which, depending on the initial
conditions, either decreases linearly with the cosmic time, or is a finite
constant. This implies that, in contrast to the critical string case, the
string coupling remains bounded during the exit from the inflationary phase,
and, thus, the pertinent dynamics can be reliably described in terms of a
tree-level string effective action. The r\^ole of matter in inducing such
phenomena is emphasized. It is also interesting to note that the asymptotic
value of the vacuum energy, which in the -model framework is identified
with the `running' central charge deficit, depends crucially on the set of
initial conditions. Thus, although preliminary, this toy model seems to share
all the features expected to characterize a phenomenologically acceptable
cosmological string model.Comment: 23 pages LATEX, six eps figures incorporate
Cosmological String Solutions in 4 Dimensions from 5d Black Holes
We obtain cosmological four dimensional solutions of the low energy effective
string theory by reducing a five dimensional black hole, and black hole--de
Sitter solution of Einstein gravity down to four dimensions. The appearance of
a cosmological constant in the five dimensional Einstein--Hilbert action
produces a special dilaton potential in the four dimensional effective string
action. Cosmological scenarios implemented by our solutions are discussed.Comment: Latex, 3 figures, epsfig.sty, DESY 93-11
Tachyon Effects on the 2-Dim Black Hole Geometry
We study solutions of the tree level string effective action in the presence
of the tachyon mode.We find that the 2-dim. static black hole is stable against
tachyonic perturbations.For a particular ansatz for the tachyon field we find
an exact solution of the equations of motion which exhibits a naked
singularity.In the case of static fields we find numerically that the full
system has a black hole solution,with the tachyon regular at the horizon.Comment: NTUA 45/94, Pages 11, Latex, 3 Figures on reques
Value-at-Risk for long and short trading positions: The case of the Athens Stock Exchange
This paper provides Value-at-Risk estimates for daily stock returns with the application of various parametric univariate models that belong to the class of ARCH models which are based on the skewed Student distribution. We use daily data for three stock indexes of the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE) and three stocks of Greek companies listed in the ASE. We conduct our analysis with the adoption of the methodology suggested by Giot and Laurent (2003). Therefore, we estimate an APARCH model based on the skewed Student distribution to fully take into account the fat left and right tails of the returns distribution. We show that the estimated VaR for traders having both long and short positions in the Athens Stock Exchange is more accurately modeled by a skewed Student APARCH model that by a normal or Student distributions.Value-at-Risk, risk management, APARCH models, skewed Student distribution
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