Dynamics of plasma blobs in a shear flow

The global dynamic of plasma blobs in a shear flow is investigated in a simple magnetized torus using the spatial Fourier harmonics (k-space) framework. Direct experimental evidence of a linear drift in k space of the density fluctuation energy synchronized with blob events is presented. During this drift, an increase of the fluctuation energy and a production of the kinetic energy associated with blobs are observed. The energy source of the blob is analyzed using an advection-dissipation-type equation that includes blob-flow exchange energy, linear drift in k space, nonlinear processes, and viscous dissipations. We show that blobs tap their energy from the dominant E B vertical background flow during the linear drift stage. The exchange of energy is unidirectional as there is no evidence that blobs return energy to the flow

Profil Evolutif et Comorbidités des Troubles Fonctionnels Intestinaux (TFI) Persistants au CHU de Conakry

Introduction : Les troubles fonctionnels digestifs (TFI) ou syndrome de l’intestin irritable représentent un véritable problème de santé publique. Si cette affection n’engage pas le pronostic vital, elle altère significativement et de façon chronique la qualité de vie des malades. L’étiologie est mal connue et de nombreux facteurs sont impliqués. Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive à recueil prospectif de données réalisée en consultation externe du service d’hépato-gastroentérologie de l’hôpital national Donka du CHU de Conakry allant du 1er Janvier 2019 au 31 Décembre 2020 chez les patients souffrants de TFI et répondant aux critères de Rome IV. Résultats : Trois cent quatre-vingt-dix-huit cas de SII sur 1309 patients soit une prévalence de 30,40%. On notait une prédominance féminine avec un sex ratio de 0,92. L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 49 ans avec des extrêmes de 10 et 88 ans. Les tranches d’âge de 25-34 ans et 35-44 ans étaient les plus représentées avec des fréquences respectives de 24,52% et 22,07%. Les principaux signes cliniques étaient des douleurs abdominales (92,28%), de la constipation dans 84,41%, ballonnement abdominal 28,39% et diverses manifestations extradigestives : insomnie dans 32,08%, de céphalées dans 30,55% des cas, de la fibromyalgie 22,91%. Les principaux facteurs déclenchants étaient : les facteurs psychologiques 32,08% et alimentaires (tubercules 14,13%, haricot 6,11%, le diner tardif et ou copieux 4,2% et les boissons gazeuses 3,44%). Le retentissement socioprofessionnel des TFI était dominé par l’absentéisme dans 82,78% des cas, le retard au travail dans 20%. Les comorbidités digestives les plus fréquentes étaient : le RGO, la dyspepsie, le dolichocôlon ainsi que leur association. Conclusion  Le SII est un problème de santé publique qui altère la qualité de vie des personnes atteintes. Les douleurs abdominales, la constipation et le ballonnement abdominal en constituent la triade symptomatique. Le stress est un facteur déclenchant de la symptomatologie. L’association du SII avec des comorbidités digestives et extra-digestives est fréquente. Introduction : Functional digestive disorders (TFI) or irritable bowel syndrome represent a real public health problem. Although this condition is not life-threatening, it significantly and chronically alters the quality of life of patients. The etiology is poorly understood and many factors are involved. Methods : This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection carried out in outpatient consultation of the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka national hospital of the Conakry University Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 in patients suffering from TFI and meeting the Rome IV criteria. Results: Three hundred and ninety-eight cases of IBS out of 1309 patients, representing a prevalence of 30.40%. There was a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.92. The average age of our patients was 49 years with extremes of 10 and 88 years. The age groups of 25-34 and 35-44 were the most represented with respective frequencies of 24.52% and 22.07%. The main clinical signs were abdominal pain (92.28%), constipation in 84.41%, abdominal bloating in 28.39% and various extradigestive manifestations: insomnia in 32.08%, headache in 30.55% of cases. cases, fibromyalgia 22.91%. The main triggering factors were: psychological factors 32.08% and dietary factors (tubers 14.13%, beans 6.11%, late or heavy dinner 4.2% and soft drinks 3.44%). The socio-professional impact of TFIs was dominated by absenteeism in 82.78% of cases, lateness for work in 20%. The most common digestive comorbidities were: GERD, dyspepsia, dolichocolon and their combination. Conclusion IBS is a public health problem that impairs the quality of life of those affected. Abdominal pain, constipation and abdominal bloating constitute the symptomatic triad. Stress is a triggering factor for the symptoms. The association of IBS with digestive and extra-digestive comorbidities is common

Profil Evolutif et Comorbidités des Troubles Fonctionnels Intestinaux (TFI) Persistants au CHU de Conakry

Introduction : Les troubles fonctionnels digestifs (TFI) ou syndrome de l’intestin irritable représentent un véritable problème de santé publique. Si cette affection n’engage pas le pronostic vital, elle altère significativement et de façon chronique la qualité de vie des malades. L’étiologie est mal connue et de nombreux facteurs sont impliqués. Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive à recueil prospectif de données réalisée en consultation externe du service d’hépato-gastroentérologie de l’hôpital national Donka du CHU de Conakry allant du 1er Janvier 2019 au 31 Décembre 2020 chez les patients souffrants de TFI et répondant aux critères de Rome IV. Résultats : Trois cent quatre-vingt-dix-huit cas de SII sur 1309 patients soit une prévalence de 30,40%. On notait une prédominance féminine avec un sex ratio de 0,92. L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 49 ans avec des extrêmes de 10 et 88 ans. Les tranches d’âge de 25-34 ans et 35-44 ans étaient les plus représentées avec des fréquences respectives de 24,52% et 22,07%. Les principaux signes cliniques étaient des douleurs abdominales (92,28%), de la constipation dans 84,41%, ballonnement abdominal 28,39% et diverses manifestations extradigestives : insomnie dans 32,08%, de céphalées dans 30,55% des cas, de la fibromyalgie 22,91%. Les principaux facteurs déclenchants étaient : les facteurs psychologiques 32,08% et alimentaires (tubercules 14,13%, haricot 6,11%, le diner tardif et ou copieux 4,2% et les boissons gazeuses 3,44%). Le retentissement socioprofessionnel des TFI était dominé par l’absentéisme dans 82,78% des cas, le retard au travail dans 20%. Les comorbidités digestives les plus fréquentes étaient : le RGO, la dyspepsie, le dolichocôlon ainsi que leur association. Conclusion  Le SII est un problème de santé publique qui altère la qualité de vie des personnes atteintes. Les douleurs abdominales, la constipation et le ballonnement abdominal en constituent la triade symptomatique. Le stress est un facteur déclenchant de la symptomatologie. L’association du SII avec des comorbidités digestives et extra-digestives est fréquente. Introduction : Functional digestive disorders (TFI) or irritable bowel syndrome represent a real public health problem. Although this condition is not life-threatening, it significantly and chronically alters the quality of life of patients. The etiology is poorly understood and many factors are involved. Methods : This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection carried out in outpatient consultation of the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka national hospital of the Conakry University Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 in patients suffering from TFI and meeting the Rome IV criteria. Results: Three hundred and ninety-eight cases of IBS out of 1309 patients, representing a prevalence of 30.40%. There was a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.92. The average age of our patients was 49 years with extremes of 10 and 88 years. The age groups of 25-34 and 35-44 were the most represented with respective frequencies of 24.52% and 22.07%. The main clinical signs were abdominal pain (92.28%), constipation in 84.41%, abdominal bloating in 28.39% and various extradigestive manifestations: insomnia in 32.08%, headache in 30.55% of cases. cases, fibromyalgia 22.91%. The main triggering factors were: psychological factors 32.08% and dietary factors (tubers 14.13%, beans 6.11%, late or heavy dinner 4.2% and soft drinks 3.44%). The socio-professional impact of TFIs was dominated by absenteeism in 82.78% of cases, lateness for work in 20%. The most common digestive comorbidities were: GERD, dyspepsia, dolichocolon and their combination. Conclusion IBS is a public health problem that impairs the quality of life of those affected. Abdominal pain, constipation and abdominal bloating constitute the symptomatic triad. Stress is a triggering factor for the symptoms. The association of IBS with digestive and extra-digestive comorbidities is common

Distribution, host preference and infection rates of malaria vectors in Mauritania

This study reports for the first time on the distribution, host preference and infection rates of malaria vectors in Mauritania. It was conducted during an outbreak of Rift valley fever. Three anopheline species were reported. An. arabiensis was the predominant species observed in all regions whereas An. pharoensis and An. funestus were observed along the south border in the Senegal River valley where extensive irrigation schemes are present. The distribution limits of anopheline species were observed from the Senegal River basin in the Trarza region up to the south limit of the Saharan desert in Tidjikja city. Overall, all An. funestus and An. pharoensis were fed respectively on human and ovine hosts whereas the mean anthropophilic rate of An. gambiae s.l. was 53%. A low Plasmodium falciparum infection rate was observed for species of the An. gambiae complex (0.17%) represented mainly by An. arabiensis. Because of the specific nature of this investigation, longitudinal studies are essential to better characterize the malaria vectors and their respective role in malaria transmission

Profil Epidémiologique des Troubles Fonctionnels Intestinaux (TFI) Persistants au CHU de Conakry

Introduction : Les troubles fonctionnels Intestinaux (TFI) ou syndrome de l’intestin irritable représentent un véritable problème de santé publique. Si cette affection n’engage pas le pronostic vital, elle altère significativement et de façon chronique la qualité de vie des malades. L’étiologie est mal connue et de nombreux facteurs sont impliqués. Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive à recueil prospectif de données réalisée en consultation externe du service d’hépato-gastroentérologie de l’hôpital national Donka du CHU de Conakry pour une durée de 2 ans. Résultats : Trois cent quatre-vingt-dix-huit cas de TFI sur 1309 patients avaient été recensé soit une prévalence de 30,40%. On notait une prédominance féminine avec un sex ratio de 0,92. L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 49 ans avec des extrêmes de 10 et 88 ans. Les tranches d’âge de 25-34 ans et 35-44 ans étaient les plus représentées avec des fréquences respectives de 24,52% et 22,07%. Les principaux signes cliniques étaient des douleurs abdominales (92,28%), de la constipation dans 84,41%, ballonnement abdominal 28,39% et diverses manifestations extradigestives : insomnie dans 32,08%, de céphalées dans 30,55% des cas, de la fibromyalgie 22,91%. Les principaux facteurs déclenchants étaient : les facteurs psychologiques 32,08% et alimentaires (tubercules 14,13%, haricot 6,11%, le dîner tardif et ou copieux 4,2% et les boissons gazeuses 3,44%). Le retentissement socioprofessionnel des TFI était dominé par l’absentéisme dans 82,78% des cas, le retard au travail dans 20%. Les comorbidités digestives les plus fréquentes étaient : le reflux gastro œsophagien (RGO), la dyspepsie, le dolichocôlon ainsi que leur association. Les examens  complémentaires morphologiques étaient représentés par (une échographie abdominale et pelvienne a été réalisée chez 50,11% de nos patients et elle objectivait une aérocolie dans 45% des cas ;un scanner abdominopelvien  fait dans 3,56% des cas, examen sans anomalie ; une ano-recto-sigmoïdoscopie dans 17,80% des cas et une ; coloscopie dans 4,98% des cas, toutes normales ; une fibroscopie oeso-gastroduodénale chez  25% de nos patients et était normale ;un lavement baryté double contraste 11,20%. Conclusion : Le TFI est un problème de santé publique qui altère la qualité de vie des personnes atteintes. Les douleurs abdominales, la constipation et le ballonnement abdominal en constituent la triade symptomatique. Le stress est un facteur déclenchant de la symptomatologie. L’association du SII avec des comorbidités digestives et extra-digestives est fréquente. Les examens complémentaires morphologique ont des conséquences financières difficiles dans la majorité des cas chez nos patients.   Introduction : Functional digestive disorders (TFI) or irritable bowel syndrome represent a real public health problem. Although this condition is not life-threatening, it significantly and chronically alters the quality of life of patients. The etiology is poorly understood and many factors are involved. Methods : This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection carried out in the outpatient clinic of the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka National Hospital of the Conakry University Hospital for a period of 2 years. Results : Three hundred and ninety-eight cases of TFI out of 1309 patients were identified, representing a prevalence of 30.40%. There was a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.92. The average age of our patients was 49 years with extremes of 10 and 88 years. The age groups of 25-34 and 35-44 were the most represented with respective frequencies of 24.52% and 22.07%. The main clinical signs were abdominal pain (92.28%), constipation in 84.41%, abdominal bloating in 28.39%, and various extra digestive manifestations: insomnia in 32.08%, headache in 30.55% of cases. cases, fibromyalgia 22.91%. The main triggering factors were: psychological factors 32.08% and dietary factors (tubers 14.13%, beans 6.11%, late or heavy dinner 4.2% and soft drinks 3.44%). The socio-professional impact of TFIs was dominated by absenteeism in 82.78% of cases, and lateness for work in 20%. The most frequent digestive comorbidities were: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), dyspepsia, dolichocolon and their association. Additional morphological examinations were represented by (an abdominal and pelvic ultrasound was carried out in 50.11% of our patients and it revealed aerocolia in 45% of cases; an abdominopelvic scan was performed in 3.56% of cases, examination without abnormality; an anorecto-sigmoidoscopy in 17.80% of cases and the colonoscopy in 4.98% of cases, all normal; an esophagogastroduodenal fibroscopy in 25% of our patients and was normal; a double contrast barium enema 11 .20%. Conclusion: TFI is a public health problem that impairs the quality of life of those affected. Abdominal pain, constipation, and abdominal bloating constitute the symptomatic triad. Stress is a triggering factor for the symptoms. The association of IBS with digestive and extra-digestive comorbidities is common. Additional morphological examinations have difficult financial consequences in the majority of cases among our patients

EUV Debris Mitigation using Magnetic Nulls

Next generation EUV sources for photolithography use light produced by laser-produced plasmas (LPP) from ablated tin droplets. A major challenge for extending the lifetime of these devices is mitigating damage caused by deposition of tin debris on the sensitive collection mirror. Especially difficult to stop are high energy (up to 10 keV) highly charged tin ions created in the plasma. Existing solutions include the use of stopping gas, electric fields, and magnetic fields. One common configuration consists of a magnetic field perpendicular to the EUV emission direction, but such a system can result in ion populations that are trapped rather than removed. We investigate a previously unconsidered mitigation geometry consisting of a magnetic null by performing full-orbit integration of the ion trajectories in an EUV system with realistic dimensions, and optimize the coil locations for the null configuration. The magnetic null prevents a fraction of ions from hitting the mirror comparable to that of the perpendicular field, but does not trap any ions due to the chaotic nature of ion trajectories that pass close to the null. This technology can potentially improve LPP-based EUV photolithography system efficiency and lifetime, and may allow for a different, more efficient formulation of buffer gas

Evolution to 200G Passive Optical Network

New generation passive optical network aims at providing more than 100 Gb/s capacity. Thanks to recent progress enabling a variety of optical transceivers up to 40 Gb/s, many evolution possibilities to 200G PONs (passive optical network) could be investigated. This work proposes two directly deployable cases of evolution to 200G PON based on the combination of these improved optical transceivers and WDM (wavelength division multiplexing). The physical layer of the optical network has been simulated with OptiSystem software to show the communication links performances behavior when considering key components parameters in order to achieve good network design for a given area. The complexity of the proposed architectures and financial cost comparisons are also discussed.Comment: http://www.davidpublishing.com/davidpublishing/Upfile/2/7/2013/2013020707494407.pd

Barriers and adaptation strategies to climate change among farming households in Guinea Savanna

Identifying appropriate climate policy interventions that improve the resilience of Guinea Savanna farming systems to extreme weather conditions is crucial to reducing food insecurity and poverty. This study explored rural farming households’ encountered adaptation barriers and strategies used toward climate change. Participatory research tools and methods were used to collect data, including household surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. A multistage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 1,500 respondents in nine livelihood zones prone to drought and floods. Problem confrontation index (PCI) and relative importance index (RII) estimations were used to rank small-scale farmers’ climate adaptation barriers and strategies. Results showed that key barriers to successful climate change adaptation practices included limited access to farm inputs (PCI = 3203), poor access to agricultural machinery (PCI = 3161), and shortage of farm labour and its high cost (PCI = 3026), while the most prioritized adaptation strategies were crop diversification (RII = 0.59), planting early maturing crop varieties (RII = 0.47), and changing the timing of planting (RII = 0.42). This study provides decision-makers insights into farmers’ most adaptation barriers and prioritized strategies toward climate change to design effective and context-specific policies that aim to improve farming resilience to the adverse effects of changing climate

Progress and challenges of Guinea’s national service of risk management in building climate-induced disasters’ resilience in Guinea Savanna communities

The increased frequency and magnitude of climate-induced disasters are a huge setback for the world’s economic growth and performance. Addressing such risks has long time motivated many governments to set up disaster-based management strategies, policies, and plans to strengthen their resilience. However, the implementation of such initiatives remains challenging in developing countries due to their specific internal development issues that require timely performance appraisals to offer suitable remedial actions. This motivated the present study to use the Risk Management Index (RMI), to measure Guinea’s risk management performance and effectiveness, focusing on its institutional progress and challenges encountered in building climate-induced disasters’ resilience in Guinea Savanna communities. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews with local authorities responsible for implementing prevention measures and emergency responses to disasters in Guinea Savanna, as well as inputs from academia with activities related to disaster risk management, combined with documentary research and field observations. Analyses of the RMI showed very limited progress in risk identification (RMIRI = 0.672 – 1.00), while almost no significant progress was made in financial provision (RMIFP = 0.124 – 0.487). On the contrary, policies of disaster management (RMIDM = 0.600 – 1.934) and Risk Reduction (RMIRR = 0.791 -1.606) have shown incipient progress. While all public policies need to be improved, urgent actions are needed in financial provision and risk identification policies. Therefore, the study suggests that local authorities should be more committed to risk identification and risk financing approaches to address the priority needs for effective disaster risk management in Guinea Savanna communities