The Chemical Changes That Associating to Concentrates of Apple Juice during Storage Periods

we took  in this work Twenty kg of apple juice concentrate (70%) from company of Natural Aljabal Juice from AL-suidaa Governorate and prarerd two concentarate (15% and 35%) by using distilled –sterlization water . these samples stoered at (4-20-30-40)ºc for 6 months . Chemical tests were assayed in the every month average two repeats to every concentrate and all different temperatures and recored the average, The chemical analysis results show: There is reduce in total soluble solids TSS , afew changes of pH and the acidity relaise in all samples that storage at 20 ºc beacause it is agreeable for oraganisms to grow.The produces of oeganisms were ( patuline - diacytle- alcohol ): the amount of  patuline that is determine with Liquid Chromatography (HPLC ) was less than 50micro gram/kg in juice in all samples and under all condtation storage that is less than limit value for fumble device, there was relaised of amount in diacytle in samples of juice 15% (4.1±0.3) ppm in the end of second  storage at temperature 20 ºc while  the amount of apple juice 35%-70% was very little 1.9ppm at temperature 30 ºc for apple juice in the third month of storage and 1.69 ppm for apple juice 70% in the third month of storage  at 20 ºc, amonnt of alcohol relies to upper value (2.55    ± 0.1) % in apple juice 35% at 20 ºc in the sixth month of storage , the amount of alcohol in apple juice 20% was  (1.25 ±0.4 )% in the sixth month of storage  and 0.52 % in apple juice 70%  at 30ºc in the second month of storage . Keywords: Apple juice concentrate - total soluble solids TSS- diacytle – patulin- alcohol

Public perception of connected and automated vehicles: Benefits, concerns, and barriers from an Australian perspective

This study investigates the attitudes and concerns of the Australian public toward connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), and the factors influencing their willingness to adopt this technology. Through a comprehensive survey, a diverse group of respondents provided valuable insights toward various CAV scenarios such as riding in a vehicle with no driver, self-driving public transport, self-driving taxis, and heavy vehicles without drivers. The results highlight the significant impact of safety concerns about automated vehicles on individuals’ attitudes across all scenarios. Higher levels of concern were associated with more negative attitudes, and a strong correlation between concerns and opposition underlines the necessity of addressing these apprehensions to build public trust and promote CAV adoption. Interestingly, nearly 70% of respondents felt uncomfortable driving next to a CAV, but they displayed more confidence in adopting automated public transport in the near future. Additionally, around 40% of participants indicated a strong willingness to purchase a CAV, primarily driven by the desire to reduce their carbon footprint and safety considerations. Notably, respondents with health conditions or disability exhibited heightened interest (almost double those without health conditions) in CAV technology. Gender differences emerged in attitudes and preferences toward CAVs, with women expressing a greater level of concern and perceiving higher barriers to CAV deployment. This emphasizes the importance of employing targeted approaches to address the specific concerns of different demographics. The study also underscores the role of trust in technology as a significant barrier to CAV deployment, ranking high among respondents’ concerns. To overcome these challenges and facilitate successful CAV deployment, various strategies are suggested, including live demonstrations, dedicated routes for automated public transport, adoption incentives, and addressing liability concerns. The findings from this study offer valuable insights for government agencies, vehicle manufacturers, and stakeholders in promoting the successful implementation of CAVs. By understanding societal acceptance and addressing concerns, decision-makers can devise effective interventions and policies to ensure the safe and widespread adoption of CAVs in Australia. Moreover, vehicle manufacturers can leverage these results to consider design aspects that align with passenger preferences, thereby facilitating the broader acceptance and adoption of CAVs in the future. Finally, this research provides a significant contribution to the understanding of public perception and acceptance of CAVs in the Australian context. By guiding decision-making and informing strategies, the study lays the foundation for a safer and more effective integration of CAVs into the country’s transportation landscape

Spectroscopic study of collisions in the 23P state of 3He and 4He in low pressure gas discharges

International audienc

An Intelligence Representation in Agent Systems: An Extended π-Calculus

Intelligent mobile agent technology is one of the most promising of the newer software paradigms for providing solutions to complex, distributed computing problems. Agent properties of autonomy, intelligence and mobility provide a powerful platform for implementations that can utilize techniques involving collaborative problem solving and adaptive behavior. Although the technological tools and capabilities have advanced to this point, research into formal models and extensions to support representations of this new computing paradigm has not been kept pace. Specifically, we find that current formal processing models are lacking in representation abilities for: (1) intelligence capabilities, (2) team-based problem-solving approaches, and (3) mobility. In this paper, we present an extension of π-calculus that addresses the first of these deficiencies, the representation of intelligence

An Inexact Inferencing Strategy for Spatial Objects with Determined and Indeterminate Boundaries

For many years, spatial querying has been of interest for the researchers in the GIS community. Any successful implementation and long-term viability of the GIS technology depends on the issue of accuracy of spatial queries. In order to improve the accuracy and quality of spatial querying, the problems associated with the areas of fuzziness and uncertainty need to be addressed. There has been a strong demand to provide approaches that deal with inaccuracy and uncertainty in GIS. In this paper, we develop an approach that can perform fuzzy spatial querying under uncertainty. An inexact inferencing strategy for objects with determined and indeterminate boundaries is investigated, using type-2 fuzzy set theory

Caractérisation de la déformation des dépôts oligocènes du Continental terminal 3 (Ct3) dans la région de Niamey (Bordure Orientale du Craton Ouest Africain, Bassin des Iullemmeden)

Cette étude porte sur la détermination des phases de déformations affectant les dépôts oligocènes du Ct3, correspondant aux derniers dépôts de comblement du bassin des Iullemmeden dans la région de Niamey (Ouest, Niger). La méthodologie mise en œuvre est basée sur l’analyse microtectonique de terrain soutenue par des données cartographiques et de l’imagerie satellitaire. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les dépôts oligocènes du Ct3 ont enregistré deux évènements majeurs de l’histoire tectonique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest au Cénozoïque : la distension oligocène et la phase compressive post-oligocène, d’âge présumée miocène. La phase distensive oligocène orientée ~N50° à ~N80° serait étroitement contrôlée par la dynamique mantellique prévalant à cette époque, qui confère une structuration en dômes et bassins à l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Ces mouvements mantelliques descendants, concomitant au dernier épisode de comblement du bassin des Iullemmeden, favoriseraient le rejeu en normal de la plupart des failles d’orientation NW-SE. La phase compressive ~N140°, présumée d’âge miocène, se serait produite dans un contexte régional marqué par la poursuitende la convergence Afrique-Europe. Au cours de cette phase compressive, les failles héritées ont été réactivées en décrochements soit senestres soit dextres en fonction de leur orientation par rapport à la direction de raccourcissement. The aim of this study is about the determination deformations phases that affect the Ct3 Oligocene deposits in the Niamey area (West, Niger), which correspond to the last deposits of the Iullemmeden basin. The methodology implemented is based on the microtectonic field investigation supported by cartographic data and satellite imagery analysis. The results of this study show that the Oligocene deposits of Ct3 recorded two major events of the West Africa tectonic history during Cenozoic period: the first one was Oligocene distension and the second was a post-Oligocene compressive phase, presumed to be Miocene in age. The Oligocene distensive phase oriented ~N50° to ~N80° would be closely controlled by the mantle dynamics prevailing at that time, which gave domes and basins structuring in West Africa. These downward mantle movements, concomitantly with the last episode of the Iullemmeden basin infilling, would favor the normal reactivation of the most NW-SE trending faults. The ~N140° compressive phase, presumed to be Miocene in age, would have occurred in a regional shortening context, which was marked by the continuation of the Africa-Europe convergence. During this compressive phase, the inherited structures such as faults were reactivated in either senestral or dextral strike-slip faults according to their orientation with the shortening direction

Impacts of Deep Water Structuring on Seabed Pollution Levels: Evidence from Radiogenic Isotopes (Pb-Sr-Nd) in Surface Sediments Along the Reykjanes Ridge (Southern Iceland)

Significant proportions of debris containing pollutants are present in remote and unknown areas of the deep seabed. Although identified amongst the top threats to marine ecosystem and human health, the mechanisms that particulate materials entered rapidly these deep ocean systems are still matter of debate. This study use depicting radiogenic isotopes (Sr, Nd, Pb) to question the relationship between the seabed sediment contamination levels and ambient stratification in the North Atlantic Ocean. On this basis, we studied sedimentary inputs and related mechanisms from more recent sequences collected at three locations representing different deep-sea hydrodynamics along the Reykjanes Ridge. Sm-Nd concentrations, as well as Sm-Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic compositions, were determined in digested and purified fraction of the sediment cores by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS). The Sm-Nd-Sr-Pb data simply reflect the scale of the perturbation of upper part (0-15 cm) of the sequences, which is much more pronounced in east flank than crossing and west bordering ridge areas. The Pb-Pb systematics show that the intensity of water mass mixing modulates degree of contamination and induced the modal transport of detrital components. As consequence of ambient stratification in this region, two major transport processes of pollutant downwards to the sediments are proposed: (i) sediments entrainment in the eastern flank and over ridge axis primarily dominated by vertical flux of particulates controlled by repackage and dislocation by strong mechanical mixing; and (ii) in the west flank, advection of abyssal waters, due to well-stratified mixing layer, provides particulates from the NEADW1 and DSOW

Fuzzy Spatial Querying with Inexact Inference

The issue of spatial querying accuracy has been viewed as critical to the successful implementation and long-term viability of the GIS technology. In order to improve the spatial querying accuracy and quality, the problems associated with the areas of fuzziness and uncertainty are of great concern in the spatial database community. There has been a strong demand to provide approaches that deal with inaccuracy and uncertainty in GIS. In this paper, we are dedicated to develop an approach that can perform fuzzy spatial querying under uncertainty. An inexact inferring strategy is investigated. The study shows that the fuzzy set and the certainty factor can work together to deal with spatial querying. Querying examples implemented by FuzzyClips are also provided

Punching Shear Characterization of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs

Punching shear failure in thin slabs under concentrated loads can cause shear stresses near columns. The use of steel fiber is a practical way to improve a slab-column connection's punching strength and deformation capacity. In this study, the capacity and behavior of steel fiber-reinforced concrete flat slabs are examined under punching shear force. Ten small-scale flat slabs were tested, eight of which had steel fiber and two without. Two parameters are studied in this paper, which are the fiber volume ratio (from 0% to 2%) and the stub column load shape (circle and square). The test results include the concrete compressive strength, crack patterns, punching shear, and load-defection behavior of the slabs. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the punching shear capacity of slabs with steel fiber (S5) increased by 21.8% compared to slabs without steel fiber (S1), and the slabs with steel fiber had more ductility compared to the slabs without fiber. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2022-03-04-08 Full Text: PD

Preliminary Performance Evaluation of an Agent-Based Geospatial Data Conflation System

A rapid growth of available geospatial data requires development of systems capable of autonomous data retrieval, integration and validation. Mobile agent technology may provide a suitable framework for developing such systems since this technology can deal, in a natural way, with the distributed heterogeneous nature of the data. We evaluate our novel multi-agent architecture for geospatial data integration and compare its performance with a client/server and a single-agent architecture. We analyze the performance alteration for various numbers of participating nodes, amount of database accesses, processing loads, and network loads