Mineral content of the Jubilejnaja 50 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different growing years and areas in Hungary

Wheat is considered to be among the most widely grown cereal crops both in Hungary and worldwide. In Hungary, its acreage varies from 1.0 to 1.2 million hectares, thus making up a major portion of the total crop production. The crop of winter wheat plays a significant role in our diet. It is an important source of minerals for mankind, since its organic and inorganic macro- and microelement content are of paramount importance to the daily nutrient uptake of our bodies, and this is especially true in the case of consuming whole grain products. Analyzing literature sources, data regarding the mineral content of wheat are quite diverse. Nowadays, this is also supplemented by the following question: Is the nutrition physiological value of the cultivated varieties somehow affected by the use of intensive agrotechnology? The Jubilejnaja 50 variety was chosen as the subject of our investigation and the evolution of the mineral content (P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe) was analyzed over two years and in several Hungarian growing areas, comparing these to available Hungarian literature data and examining the directions of possible changes. Based on our measurement results, it can be stated that in the case of the minerals examined, taking into account the variations between the different growing areas, the values obtained correspond to the literature data, they align with them well. For better comparability, relative standard deviation values were also taken into consideration. Regarding the elements analyzed, the largest variations between the growing areas examined were obtained in both years examined in the case of zinc and copper. The standard deviations in the case of zinc were 33% in 2003 and 21.2% in 2004, while in the case of copper it was 23.6% in 2003 and 22.2% in 2004. The lowest relative standard deviation was observed in the case of magnesium, with values of 9.8% in 2003 and 8.6% in 2004. In summary, it can be stated that to be able to draw reliable conclusions, data from a number of experimental sites and from different years need to be compiled, and these should be processed using an appropriate statistical method

Az ásványianyag-tartalom alakulása a jubilejnaja 50 őszi búzafajtában (Triticum aestivum l.), különböző termesztési években és termőterületeken, Magyarországon

A búzát Magyarországon, és világviszonylatban is a legnagyobb mennyiségben termesztett gabonanövények között tartják számon. Hazánkban vetésterülete 1,0- 1,2 millió hektár között változik, így összességében a megtermelt növényi termékek meghatározó hányadát teszi ki. Az őszi búza termése jelentős szerepet tölt be táplálkozásunkban. Fontos ásványianyag-forrás az emberiség számára, hiszen szerves és szervetlen makro- és mikroelem-tartalma kiemelt fontosságú szervezetünk napi tápanyag-felvételében, ez különösen igaz a teljes kiőrlésű termékek fogyasztása esetén. Szakirodalmi forrásokat elemezve is meglehetősen változatosak azok az adatok, melyek a búza ásványianyag-tartalmára vonatkoznak. Mindez napjainkban pedig kiegészül a következő kérdéssel is: vajon az intenzív agrotechnika alkalmazásával változik-e valamilyen módon a termesztett fajták táplálkozás-élettani értéke? Vizsgálatunk tárgyául a Jubilejnaja 50 fajtát választottuk, és két évben, valamint több magyarországi termőterületen vizsgáltuk az ásványi anyagok (P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe) alakulását, összevetve ezeket a rendelkezésre álló hazai irodalmi adatokkal, és vizsgálva a lehetséges változások irányát. Mérési eredményeink alapján megállapítható, hogy a vizsgált ásványi anyagok esetében – figyelembe véve az egyes termőhelyek közötti szórásértékeket – a kapott értékek megfelelnek az irodalmi adatoknak, azok sorába jól illeszthetőek. A jobb összevethetőség érdekében relatív szórásértékeket is figyelembe vettünk. A vizsgált elemeket tekintve mindkét vizsgált évben a cink és a réz esetében kaptuk a legkiemelkedőbb szórást a vizsgált termőhelyek között. A szórások a cink esetében 2003-ban 33%, 2004-ben 21,2%, míg a réz esetében 2003-ban 23,6%, 2004-ben pedig 22,2%. A legalacsonyabb relatív szórás a magnézium esetében volt megfigyelhető, 2003-ban 9,8%, míg 2004-ben 8,6%-os értékeket határoztunk meg. Összességében megállapíthatjuk, hogy megbízható következtetések levonásához több kísérleti helyről és különböző évekből származó adatokat kell összesíteni, amelyeket megfelelő statisztikai módszer segítségével célszerű feldolgozni

Ag-alapú fotoaktív anyagok előállítása, jellemzése és alkalmazhatósági vizsgálata: Synthesis, characterization and applicability of Ag-based photoactive materials

One of the most actual problems is the continuous decrease in clean water suitable for human consumption or industrial use. One of the main reasons for this is the use of organic pollutants (including organic dyes) used in industrial activities, their efficient removal being often challenging from wastewaters. Silver-based photocatalysts can be used efficiently in these processes due to their physicochemical properties (e.g. low band gap energy) and can be obtained relatively easily.Considering the aspects mentioned above, we focused our research on Ag3PO4 and AgBr-based photocatalysts, investigating their morpho-structural and optical properties, using XRD, SEM, and DRS. The photocatalytic efficiency of as-obtained semiconductors was investigated in the presence of an organic contaminant (methyl orange) under visible light irradiation, paying particular attention to the stability of our photoactive materials Kivonat Napjaink egyik legkiemelkedőbb problémája az emberi fogyasztásra vagy akár ipari felhasználásra alkalmas tiszta víz mennyiségének csökkenése. Ennek egyik oka az ipari tevékenységek során felhasznált szerves szennyezőanyagok (többek között festékek és színezőanyagok), melyek szennyvizeinkből történő eltávolítása gyakran nehézségekbe ütközik. Erre a problémára nyújthatnak megoldást az ezüst alapú fotokatalizátorok, amelyek fizikai-kémiai tulajdonságai alapján (alacsony tiltottsáv szélesség) látható fényben aktiválhatóak, emellett könnyen előállíthatóak.A fentiek alapján kutatásainkat két anyagcsoport irányába indítottuk el, kísérleteink során  Ag3PO4 és AgBr alapú fotokatalizátorokat állítottunk elő, majd vizsgáltuk ezek anyagszerkezeti és optikai jellemzőit (többek között XRD, SEM és DRS segítségével). Fotoaktív anyagaink aktivitását metilnarancs modellszennyező bontásával vizsgáltunk látható fény megvilágítása mellett, külön figyelmet szentelve a félvezetőnk stabilitásának.  &nbsp

Evaluation of the Young Farmer Support in South Transdanubia

Maintaining the retention capacity of the rural areas is one of the comprehensive aims of rural development, as the 2nd pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy. Fair income opportunities, available services, sustainable environment are key factors to make rural areas at least as attractive as the more urbanized parts of a regions. Younger generations are the most important target group of population retention throughout Europe. According to Eurostat data, only 11% of all farmers are under 40 in the EU member states. Therefore, supporting young farmers and promoting generational change have been measures of keeping the rural population in the countryside. In our paper, we present the development of young farmers’ support in Hungary. Based on empirical data the study analyses the results and successfulness of the program between 2014 and 2020. The data of the examined timeframe is compared with the results of the previous programming period. The upshot of these calculations shows the progressive effects of the changes in the EU programming and policy making. For the empirical analysis secondary data are provided by the Hungarian Ministry of Innovation and Technology which maintains the web-based database of project calls and results regarding the development programmes in Hungary

Contribution to the knowledge on distribution in Hungary and habitat preferences of Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyński, 1897 a little-known spider species

Background and purpose: The aim of this review is to present current knowledge on the occurrence of a little-known gnaphosid species Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyński, 1897. Early it was mentioned as G. alpica species in Middle Europe. In this study, we reported the new occurrence of this species in Hungary and we examined of the effect of shrub control and mowing on this species abundance. Materials and methods: Our arachnological research was conducted in the Mátra Mountains, the highest range of volcanic massin northern Hungary, between 2007 and 2016. Result and conclusion: We recorded 13 specimens from five habitats of the southern part of the Mátra Mountains. This species can be found mainly in untreated shrubby habitats from April to June. In general, it can say that G. modestior is a stenochronous spider species which lives in habitats not influenced by human activities in the Mátra Mountains. However, this attributes of species differ in some European countries.</p

Restoration of peripheral V2 receptor vasopressin signaling fails to correct behavioral changes in Brattleboro rats.

Beside its hormonal function in salt and water homeostasis, vasopressin released into distinct brain areas plays a crucial role in stress-related behavior resulting in the enhancement of an anxious/depressive-like state. We aimed to investigate whether correction of the peripheral symptoms of congenital absence of AVP also corrects the behavioral alterations in AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats. Wild type (WT) and vasopressin-deficient (KO) male Brattleboro rats were tested. Half of the KO animals were treated by desmopressin (V2-receptor agonist) via osmotic minipump (subcutaneous) to eliminate the peripheral symptoms of vasopressin-deficiency. Anxiety was studied by elevated plus maze (EPM), defensive withdrawal (DW) and marble burying (MB) tests, while depressive-like changes were monitored in forced swimming (FS) and anhedonia by sucrose preference test. Cell activity was examined in septum and amygdala by c-Fos immunohistochemistry after 10min FS. KO rats spent more time in the open arm of the EPM, spent less time at the periphery of DW and showed less burying behavior in MB suggesting a reduced anxiety state. KO animals showed less floating behavior during FS revealing a less depressive phenotype. Desmopressin treatment compensated the peripheral effects of vasopressin-deficiency without a significant influence on the behavior. The FS-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity in the medial amygdala was different in WT and KO rats, with almost identical levels in KO and desmopressin treated animals. There were no differences in central and basolateral amygdala as well as in lateral septum. Our data confirmed the role of vasopressin in the development of affective disorders through central mechanisms. The involvement of the medial amygdala in the behavioral alterations of vasopressin deficient animals deserves further attention

Classification of the Development Areas of the South Transdanubian Region (Hungary)

The Hungarian Government decided on the establishment of the South Transdanubian Economic Development Zone. The identification of the areas formed by clustering settlements of similar features will help better target development goals and funds to the region. The development concepts of the counties (forming the region) were reviewed and each of the 656 settlements of the region were put into categories. The categories were formed according to the county concepts; classification of the space followed all of the area classifications mentioned in them: development goals, priorities, strategic categories or sectoral targets. It has been found that 291 settlements have not been targeted by the county concepts at all. Further 177 ones are classified as deprived areas either because of their peripheral situation or their underdevelopment status by law. 62 settlements are mentioned as ones to be targeted with either economic development programmes or classified as growth zones. The latter category consists of 26 settlements, which are either growth, industrial, innovative or logistic centres according to the development concepts. Tourism related developments are targeted and may be outbreak points in 176 settlements. The threat to the development of rural areas due to shrinking medium sized cities must be addressed. Our review and classification of South Transdanubian Region’s settlements adds the value of the multifaceted approach through the application of the county development concepts

Local Resource Clusters of Southern Transdanubian Settlements

Development goals, priorities and strategies need to be based on available (local) resources, which are identified as either comparative advantages or uniform development goals at certain planning level. Core development policies of the region take centrum-periphery theory as the primary approach in planning allocating development funds. In this paper authors developed four settlement clusters based on their local resources (HCSO, AC, T-STAR database, 44 variables, cross section 2018). Few Strong and capable cities (n=31) are accompanied by mainly Agricultural villages (n=155) and there are settlements (n=170) with Concentrated capacities. But majority of the region’s area (n=299) has Limited resources. The classification of the settlements can be used in gravity models that test the pull effect of central cities on the complex development of the surrounding settlements