Nefrectomia total unilateral em cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous)

Background: The loss of natural habitats associated with the development of humanity resulted in the need for longer trips and greater interaction with highways by some animal species. Vehicle collision with animals is one of the main factors of pressure over wild animal populations in Brazil; veterinary surgery can play an important role for the recovery of these patients. The lesions commonly seen in animals hit by vehicles may comprise skin lesions, central nervous system injuries, intrathoracic and intra-abdominal complications, among which renal lesions are included. The aim of this work is to report the use of a total nephrectomy technique in a crab-eating fox.Case: A female, adult, 5-kg crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus, 1766) was received for emergency care at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal do Paraná at Palotina. The patient had been struck by a vehicle at a local highway, was unconscious, and exhibited signs of blood loss such as hypothermia, hypotension, and pale mucous membranes. As the clinical evaluation was performed, the patient was stabilized with pain management, correction of hypovolemia and hypothermia, and oxygen therapy. Blood samples were taken in case of the need for preoperative tests. Subsequently, the animal was submitted to the diagnostic imaging section to investigate possible injuries. No chemical restraint was necessary for the procedures. Radiography examination revealed loss of intra-abdominal contrast, which was confirmed to be free fluid on ultrasound examination. Immediately after imaging examination, the animal was taken to the surgical room for exploratory laparotomy. The surgical incision, which was performed over the linea alba, extended from the xiphoid process to the pubis. During surgery, free fluid was confirmed to be diffuse bloody fluid, which was observed in the abdomen; there was absence of lesions in all organs except the right kidney, which revealed clots and lacerations to the capsule, cortex, and medulla, resulting in poor viability of the organ. The condition required removal of the organ, which was performed with the conventional technique described for domestic animals. During the nephrectomy surgical procedure, the patient exhibited severe hypotension with the need of compensatory measures such as intravenous administration of crystalloid and colloid solutions, and vasoactive drugs, which were maintained during the period of surgery. Postoperative care included administration of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs for three days, and antibiotics for seven days. Hematological and renal profiles as well as ultrasound examinations were used for monitoring of clinical evolution. The patient was kept in isolation to avoid behavioral stress during hospital stay.Discussion: In this case, the importance of ultrasound diagnosis and viability of the nephrectomy technique were established for the specimen, which was returned to its natural habitat eighteen days after the vehicle collision, after authorization from the local environmental agency. Immediate care of a wild animal that suffers trauma is an important factor to increase success rate for recovery of fauna threatened by vehicle collisions. Early diagnosis associated with the employment of surgical techniques commonly used for domestic animals allow wild-animal clinicians and surgeons to improve viability of threatened populations

Patogenicidade de isolados de fungos entomopatogênicos à Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a patogenicidade, em condições de laboratório, de 49 isolados dos fungos entomopatogênicos das espécies Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae, contra lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda. Lagartas de 3oínstar foram imersas em suspensões de 1 × 109conídios/mL de cada um dos isolados por 10 segundos. Posteriormente, foram individualizadas em placas de Petri com dieta artificial, sendo incubadas a 26 ± 1°C e 12 horas de fotofase, e avaliadas, diariamente, durante dez dias. Os isolados de B. bassianamostraram-se mais eficientes, com destaque para o Unioeste 26, que provocou 44,5% de mortalidade e gerou a maior quantidade de conídios nos testes de produção do fungo. Apesar da porcentagem de mortalidade baixa, tais estudos evidenciam potencial dos fungos entomopatogênicos como promissores agentes de controle de S. frugiperda

Nefrectomia total unilateral em cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous)

Background: The loss of natural habitats associated with the development of humanity resulted in the need for longer trips and greater interaction with highways by some animal species. Vehicle collision with animals is one of the main factors of pressure over wild animal populations in Brazil; veterinary surgery can play an important role for the recovery of these patients. The lesions commonly seen in animals hit by vehicles may comprise skin lesions, central nervous system injuries, intrathoracic and intra-abdominal complications, among which renal lesions are included. The aim of this work is to report the use of a total nephrectomy technique in a crab-eating fox.Case: A female, adult, 5-kg crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus, 1766) was received for emergency care at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal do Paraná at Palotina. The patient had been struck by a vehicle at a local highway, was unconscious, and exhibited signs of blood loss such as hypothermia, hypotension, and pale mucous membranes. As the clinical evaluation was performed, the patient was stabilized with pain management, correction of hypovolemia and hypothermia, and oxygen therapy. Blood samples were taken in case of the need for preoperative tests. Subsequently, the animal was submitted to the diagnostic imaging section to investigate possible injuries. No chemical restraint was necessary for the procedures. Radiography examination revealed loss of intra-abdominal contrast, which was confirmed to be free fluid on ultrasound examination. Immediately after imaging examination, the animal was taken to the surgical room for exploratory laparotomy. The surgical incision, which was performed over the linea alba, extended from the xiphoid process to the pubis. During surgery, free fluid was confirmed to be diffuse bloody fluid, which was observed in the abdomen; there was absence of lesions in all organs except the right kidney, which revealed clots and lacerations to the capsule, cortex, and medulla, resulting in poor viability of the organ. The condition required removal of the organ, which was performed with the conventional technique described for domestic animals. During the nephrectomy surgical procedure, the patient exhibited severe hypotension with the need of compensatory measures such as intravenous administration of crystalloid and colloid solutions, and vasoactive drugs, which were maintained during the period of surgery. Postoperative care included administration of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs for three days, and antibiotics for seven days. Hematological and renal profiles as well as ultrasound examinations were used for monitoring of clinical evolution. The patient was kept in isolation to avoid behavioral stress during hospital stay.Discussion: In this case, the importance of ultrasound diagnosis and viability of the nephrectomy technique were established for the specimen, which was returned to its natural habitat eighteen days after the vehicle collision, after authorization from the local environmental agency. Immediate care of a wild animal that suffers trauma is an important factor to increase success rate for recovery of fauna threatened by vehicle collisions. Early diagnosis associated with the employment of surgical techniques commonly used for domestic animals allow wild-animal clinicians and surgeons to improve viability of threatened populations

Persistence of insecticidal activity and repellency of the diatomaceous earth against the lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

A persistência da ação inseticida da terra de diatomácea (TD), e o seu efeito repelente foram avaliados contra o cascudinho-dos-aviários, Alphitobius diaperinus. Para o experimento de persistência foram utilizados potes plásticos (20 cm de diâmetro) com cama tratada com TD (172g/m2). Foram liberados 13g de adultos de cascudinho (cerca de 1100 insetos), e a mortalidade foi avaliada retirando-se e fazendo a contagem dos insetos mortos nos recipientes 10, 20 e 30 dias após a infestação. Este procedimento repetiu-se com 80, 160, 240, 320 e 400 dias após a aplicação de TD. Para avaliação da repelência foram utilizadas bandejas plásticas com (36×24×6 cm C×L×A), contendo 5 cm de cama de aviário tratada e não-tratada com TD (200g/m2) em metade de cada bandeja. Foram liberados 13g de adultos de cascudinho na linha de divisão dos tratamentos, avaliando-se após 1, 4, e 7 dias da infestação, pela contagem dos insetos presentes em cada área. Obteve-se atividade inseticida até oito meses após a aplicação (60% de mortalidade), demonstrando a persistência da ação inseticida da TD na cama de aviário. Além disso, o produto apresentou ação repelente para os insetos, a qual deve ser considerada no estabelecimento de estratégias de controle do cascudinho.The persistence and repellency of the diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation was evaluated against the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus. Persistence bioassays werw conduced in 20 cm diameter plastic cups with DE-treated poultry litter (172g/m2). The adults were transferred (13g – about 1100 insects) and the mortality was assessed by counting and removing dead adult beetles in the cups 10, 20 and 30 days after placement. All procedures were repeated 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 days after first evaluation. The repellency test was conducted in plastic box (36×24×6 cm L×W×H) containing poultry litter trated and non-treated with DE (200g/m2), distribuited in two parts. The adults were added to the litter (13g), and the evaluation ocurred after 1, 4 and 7 days after placement, by counting the insects in the treated and non-treated area. It was verified the inseticidal activity until eight month after litter treatment (60% of mortality), showing the persistence of the product. The repellency activity of the DE was confirmed and it must be considered in a development of control strategies of the lesser mealworm with