Cariostatic effect of fluoride-containing restorative materials associated with fluoride gels on root dentin

Secondary caries is still the main cause of restoration replacement, especially on the root surface OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study evaluated the cariostatic effects of fluoride-containing restorative materials associated with fluoride gels, on root dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized complete block design was used to test the effects of the restorative systems, fluoride regimes and the interactions among them at different distances from restoration margins. Standardized cavities were prepared on 240 bovine root specimens and randomly assigned to 15 groups of treatments (n=16). Cavities were filled with the following restorative materials: Ketac-Fil (3M-ESPE); Vitremer (3M-ESPE); Dyract/Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply); Charisma/Gluma One Bond (Heraeus Kulzer) and the control, Z250/Single Bond (3M-ESPE). The specimens were subjected to a pH-cycling model designed to simulate high-caries activity. During the cycles, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride, 2.0% neutral sodium fluoride or deionized/distilled water (control) was applied to the specimens for 4 min. The surface Knoop microhardness test was performed before (KHNi) and after (KHNf) the pH cycles at 100, 200 and 300 mm from the margins. Dentin microhardness loss was represented by the difference in initial and final values (KHNi - KHNf). Data were analyzed by Friedman's and Wilcoxon's tests, ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=5%). RESULTS: The interaction of restorative systems and topical treatments was not significant (p=0.102). Dentin microhardness loss was lowest closer to the restoration. Ketac-fil presented the highest cariostatic effect. Vitremer presented a moderate effect, while Dyract and Charisma did not differ from the control, Z250. The effects of neutral and acidulated fluoride gels were similar to each other and higher than the control. CONCLUSION: Conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements as well as neutral and acidulated fluoride gels inhibit the progression of artificial caries adjacent to restorations. The associated effect of fluoride-containing restorative materials and gels could not be demonstrated

Mechanical Stress Induces Remodeling of Vascular Networks in Growing Leaves

International audienceDifferentiation into well-defined patterns and tissue growth are recognized as key processes in organismal development. However, it is unclear whether patterns are passively, homogeneously dilated by growth or whether they remodel during tissue expansion. Leaf vascu-lar networks are well-fitted to investigate this issue, since leaves are approximately two-dimensional and grow manyfold in size. Here we study experimentally and computationally how vein patterns affect growth. We first model the growing vasculature as a network of viscoelastic rods and consider its response to external mechanical stress. We use the so-called texture tensor to quantify the local network geometry and reveal that growth is heterogeneous , resembling non-affine deformations in composite materials. We then apply mechanical forces to growing leaves after veins have differentiated, which respond by anisotropic growth and reorientation of the network in the direction of external stress. External mechanical stress appears to make growth more homogeneous, in contrast with the model with viscoelastic rods. However, we reconcile the model with experimental data by incorporating randomness in rod thickness and a threshold in the rod growth law, making the rods viscoelastoplastic. Altogether, we show that the higher stiffness of veins leads to their reorientation along external forces, along with a reduction in growth heterogeneity. This process may lead to the reinforcement of leaves against mechanical stress. More generally , our work contributes to a framework whereby growth and patterns are coordinated through the differences in mechanical properties between cell types

Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1960

Dhondt Jean, Scufflaire Andrée, Bovesse J., Dumont M.-E., Joosen H., Hélin Etienne, Petit R., Prevenier Walter, Vervaeck S., Piérard Chr., Danhieux L., Van Derveeghde Denise, Closset Cl., Van Eenoo Romain. Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1960 . In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 39, fasc. 4, 1961. Histoire (depuis la fin de l'Antiquité) — Geschiedenis (sedert de Oudheid) pp. 1159-1246

Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1962

Dhondt Jean, Scufflaire Andrée, Bovesse J., Dumont M.-E., Hélin Etienne, Petit R., Van Derveeghde Denise, Prevenier Walter, Piérard C., Danhieux L., Closset C., Tits-Dieuaide M.-J., Verhelst J., Vermeulen U., Van Eenoo Romain. Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1962. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 41, fasc. 4, 1963. pp. 1168-1238

Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1961

Dhondt Jean, Scufflaire Andrée, Bovesse J., Dumont M.-E., Joosen H., Hélin Etienne, Petit R., Prevenier Walter, Vervaeck S., Piérard Chr., Danhieux L., Van Derveeghde Denise, Closset Cl., Tits-Dieuaide M.-J., Van Eenoo Romain. Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1961. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 40, fasc. 4, 1962. pp. 1239-1336

Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1961

Dhondt Jean, Scufflaire Andrée, Bovesse J., Dumont M.-E., Joosen H., Hélin Etienne, Petit R., Prevenier Walter, Vervaeck S., Piérard Chr., Danhieux L., Van Derveeghde Denise, Closset Cl., Tits-Dieuaide M.-J., Van Eenoo Romain. Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1961. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 40, fasc. 4, 1962. pp. 1239-1336

Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1965

Dhondt Jean, Scufflaire Andrée, Bovesse J., Dumont M.-E., Hélin Etienne, Petit R., Van Derveeghde Denise, Prevenier Walter, Piérard C., Danhieux L., Closset C., Tits-Dieuaide M.-J., Verhelst J., Vermeulen U., Hannes J., Van Eenoo Romain. Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1965. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 44, fasc. 4, 1966. Histoire (depuis la fin de l'Antiquité) — Geschiedenis (sedert de Oudheid) pp. 1217-1312

Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1965

Dhondt Jean, Scufflaire Andrée, Bovesse J., Dumont M.-E., Hélin Etienne, Petit R., Van Derveeghde Denise, Prevenier Walter, Piérard C., Danhieux L., Closset C., Tits-Dieuaide M.-J., Verhelst J., Vermeulen U., Hannes J., Van Eenoo Romain. Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1965. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 44, fasc. 4, 1966. Histoire (depuis la fin de l'Antiquité) — Geschiedenis (sedert de Oudheid) pp. 1217-1312

Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1963

Dhondt Jean, Scufflaire Andrée, Bovesse J., Dumont M.-E., Hélin Etienne, Petit R., Van Derveeghde Denise, Danhieux L., Closset C., Tits-Dieuaide M., Verhelst J., Vermeulen U., Van Eenoo Romain, Prevenier Walter, Piérard C. Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique — Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1963. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 42, fasc. 4, 1964. Histoire (depuis la fin de l'Antiquité) — Geschiedenis (sedert de Oudheid) pp. 1314-1403

Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique ― Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1964

Dhondt Jean, Scufflaire Andrée, Bovesse J., Dumont M.-E., Hélin Etienne, Petit R., Van Derveeghde Denise, Prevenier Walter, Piérard C., Danhieux L., Closset C., Tits-Dieuaide M.J., Verhelst J., Vermeulen U., Hannes J., Van Eenoo Romain. Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique ― Bibliografie van de geschiedenis van België. 1964. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 43, fasc. 4, 1965. Histoire (depuis la fin de l'Antiquité) - Geschiedenis (sedert de Oudheid) pp. 1330-1415