Development of empirical expression for thin layer groundnut drying under open sun and forced convection modes

The thin layer drying behaviour of groundnut was investigated under open sun drying (OSD) and indoor forced convection drying (IFCD) modes. The groundnut samples were dried from initial moisture content of 38% (w.b.) to the safe storage moisture content of 8-10% (w.b.). Four mathematical models were compared for describing the groundnut drying process. The performance of thin layer drying models was investigated by comparing the statistical parameters such as coefficient of correlation (R), reduced chi-square (χ2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean bias error (MBE) between experimental and predicted moisture ratios. Henderson and Pabis model was observed to give the highest value of R and lowest values of χ2, RMSE and MBE for the groundnut drying under both OSD and IFCD modes. The values of statistical parameters under Lewis model were also found to be very close to Henderson and Pabis model. Therefore, Henderson and Pabis and Lewis models were found to be the best for describing the drying behaviour of groundnut under both given conditions.

A review of remotely sensed satellite image classification

Satellite image classification has a vital role for the extraction and analysis of the useful satellite image information. This paper comprises the study of the satellite images classification and Remote Sensing along with a brief overview of the previous studies that are proposed in this field. In this paper, the existing work has been explained utilizing the classification techniques on satellite images of Alwar region in India that covers decent land cover features like Vegetation, Water, Urban, Barren, and Rocky regions. The post- implementation of the classification algorithms, the classified image is obtained displaying different classes that are represented by different colours. Each feature is represented by a different colour and can be easily perceived from the image obtained after classification. The focus of this study is on enhancing the classification accuracy by using proper classifiers along with the novel feature extraction techniques and pre-processing steps. Work of different authors is being discussed in a tabular form defining the methods and outcomes of the respective studies

A review on applications of greenhouse drying and its performance

Limited sources and rising cost of fossil fuels has instigated researchers to look towards renewable energy resources.  Among renewable energy resources, solar energy is required to become indispensable in the future, as it is inexpensive, abundant, inexhaustible, environmental friendly and non-pollutant.  Most of the people living in developing countries are dependent on agriculture.  Agricultural products are dried to increase the storage life, minimize the packaging requirement and reduce the transportation weight.  Solar drying for drying agricultural products is being practiced since long back throughout the world.  Because of its drawbacks, advance technique, i.e. greenhouse drying, is being adopted for drying crops to reduce the drying time and increase the quality of the food products.  Some new methods have also been attempted to increase the drying efficiency of greenhouse.  In this paper, a comprehensive review of greenhouse drying of various commodities is presented.  Different parameters such as thermal analysis, drying characteristics of crops, energy and exergy analysis, and greenhouse drying performance were discussed.  In addition, the economical aspects of greenhouse dryers were also highlighted.  This review paper will be helpful to the new researchers to know about the various technical aspects of the greenhouse dryer.

A Review on Lean Manufacturing Elements and its Benefits in Context of Indian Industry

With the growing industry field, it becomes necessary for every organization to work upon its weakness and force their strength to improve its working environment. Lean manufacturing offers best tools and technique for improving the competitiveness of manufacturing organizations over the globe. The concept of Lean manufacturing helpsin identification of waste, their reduction or elimination to enable smooth manufacturing of superior quality with lesser efforts, time and at low cost. Due to its fruitful features, it is gaining more popularity among manufacturing industries. This paper presents a review on Lean Manufacturing elements, aids, operation strategies and barriers in execution for manufacturing industry

Friction Stir Welding and Optimization of Its Parameters for Maximum Tensile Strength with Two Dissimilar Alloys

It is solid state welding process which is used in various applications in aerospace, marine, automotive industries. It is used for joining the various similar and dissimilar materials. Friction stir welding has better mechanical properties in comparison with other welding process in the zone. The present work focus to find the optimal combinations of parameters for maximum tensile strength of the weld joint of two dissimilar alloys of Aluminium i.e. Al 5052 and Al 5086. Rotational speed of tool, traverse speed of tool and tilt angle of tool are the important factors or parameters of interest. The present work aims to find out feasibility of process using the two dissimilar alloys i.e. aluminium 5052 and aluminium 5086 and to find out the tensile strength of using different combinations of parameters. A modified vertical milling machine has been used to setup the welding and a group of welding parameters. Various properties of welded joints were evaluated using various tests of mechanical includes the tensile testing. In the present work it is found that the tensile strength is majorly influenced by rotational speed of tool than tool tilt angle than tool traveling speed

Antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of some selected traditional medicinal plants of Uttarakhand, North East India

Screenings of methanolic leaf extracts of nine medicinal plants (Cotinus coggygria, Adhatoda vesica, Argemone mexicana, Zanthoxylum armatum, Berberis asiatica, Corissa opaca, Euphorbia hirta, Cassio fistula and Ricinus communis), belonging to selected areas of Uttarakhand, were tested against seven bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobactor aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by disc diffusion method. Leaf extracts of R. communis, B. asiatica and C. opaca showed high (13 – 23) effect on all the bacterial strains while E. hirta, Z. armatum and A. vesica exhibits minimum (6 – 15) effects. Remaining leaf extracts of plants were found moderately (10 - 19) effective

In vitro callus formation in cultivated and wild species of Cyamopsis

2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) and benzylaminopurine (BAP) induced callusing from cotyledons in all three species of Cyamopsis. The maximum callus induction from cotyledon explant was evident in Cyamopsis serrata and Cyamopsis senegalensis on a medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2 mg/l). On the other hand, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba showed poor callus formation on the same medium. The callus however, proliferated well on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium adjuncted with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (2 mg/l) + BAP (2 mg/l). Hypocotyl of all the tested species of Cyamopsis showed very good callus induction response in the medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D. As the concentration of BAP increased from (1 mg/l) to (2 mg/l) in combination with NAA (2 mg/l) callus formation was also increased. From cotyledonary node explant, when NAA (2 mg/l) is combined with BAP (1 mg/l), then good callusing was observed in C. serrata whereas no callusing was found in other species. 2,4-D induce callusing in all the three species of cyamopsis at (2mg/l) concentration and both the wild species have more callus formation then cultivated species. In C. serrate, good callusing was observed at BAP (1 mg/l) from immature embryo explant. When the concentration of NAA is increased to 1 mg/l and concentration of BAP is decreased with 0.5 mg/l, response was decreased in wild species of C. senegalensis whereas no change in response was found in the other two species.Keywords: Callus induction, cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Cyamopsis serrata, Cyamopsis senegalensis.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(30), pp. 4813-481

What stage are low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) at with patient safety curriculum implementation and what are the barriers to implementation? A two-stage cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The improvement of safety in healthcare worldwide depends in part on the knowledge, skills and attitudes of staff providing care. Greater patient safety content in health professional education and training programmes has been advocated internationally. While WHO Patient Safety Curriculum Guides (for Medical Schools and Multi-Professional Curricula) have been widely disseminated in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) over the last several years, little is known about patient safety curriculum implementation beyond high-income countries. The present study examines patient safety curriculum implementation in LMICs. METHODS: Two cross-sectional surveys were carried out. First, 88 technical officers in Ministries of Health and WHO country offices were surveyed to identify the pattern of patient safety curricula at country level. A second survey followed that gathered information from 71 people in a position to provide institution-level perspectives on patient safety curriculum implementation. RESULTS: The majority, 69% (30/44), of the countries were either considering whether to implement a patient safety curriculum or actively planning, rather than actually implementing, or embedding one. Most organisations recognised the need for patient safety education and training and felt a safety curriculum was compatible with the values of their organisation; however, important faculty-level barriers to patient safety curriculum implementation were identified. Key structural markers, such as dedicated financial resources and relevant assessment tools to evaluate trainees' patient safety knowledge and skills, were in place in fewer than half of organisations studied. CONCLUSIONS: Greater attention to patient safety curriculum implementation is needed. The barriers to patient safety curriculum implementation we identified in LMICs are not unique to these regions. We propose a framework to act as a global standard for patient safety curriculum implementation. Educating leaders through the system in order to embed patient safety culture in education and clinical settings is a critical first step

A novel computer vision based neutrosophic approach for leaf disease identification and classification

The natural products are inexpensive, non-toxic, and have fewer side effects. Thus, their demand especially herbs based medical products, health products, nutritional supplements, cosmetics etc. are increasing. The quality of leafs defines the degree of excellence or a state of being free from defects, deficits, and substantial variations. Also, the diseases in leafs possess threats to the economic, and production status in the agricultural industry worldwide