Bollworm incidence as affected by sowing date, nitrogen application and plant populanon in upland cotton

Trials were conducted to know the effect of sowing date, nitrogen application and plant population levels on the incidence of bollworms (pink and spotted bollworms) at Cotton Research Station, Sirsa (Haryana) during the crop seasons 1979–80 and 1980–81. Incidence of pink boll-worm on flowers and spotted bollworm on bolls was more in early sown crop than the normal and late sown crop. Late sown crop recorded highest level of pink bollworm incidence on bolls and number of diapausing larvae. Application of nitrogen resulted in higher incidence of bollworms whereas plant population levels did not influence the bollworm incidenc

Analysis of crop growth

SWAP / WOFOST was used for a balanced estimation of yield and evapotranspiration, and to include interactions between soil-water and solute transport and crop development. The model was calibrated for wheat, rice and cotton in Sirs

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Not AvailableThe field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12. The treatment consisted of four moisture regimes in main plots viz., irrigation at crown root initiation (CRI) + 100 mm cumulative pan evaporation (CPE), CRI + 150 mm CPE, CRI + 200 mm CPE and CRI only, and six moisture stress management practices in sub plot viz., No moisture stress management, seed hardening (SH) by CaCl2 , SH + KCl spray at 90 days after sowing (DAS), SH + mycorrhizae application at sowing + KCL spray, SH + mycorrhizae + KCl spray + kaolin spray at 115 DAS and pusa hydrogel application at sowing. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications in sandy loam soil. Days to achieve various phenological stages viz., heading, anthesis, milking and physiological maturity during both the season were found to be highest with irrigation at CRI + 100 mm CPE and lowest with irrigation at CRI only. Integrated moisture stress management practices involving SH + mycorrhizae + KCl spray + kaolin spray had favorable impact on various phenological stages. Among the different moisture regimes the treatment CRI + 100 mm CPE and among the moisture stress management the treatment SH + mycorrhizae + KCl spray + kaolin spray had produced higher grain, straw and biological yield.Not Availabl

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Research articleA field experiment on FAO CROPWAT model simulated water requirement and yield reduction estimation under different moisture regimes in wheat was conducted during rabi seasons of 2010- 11 and 2011-12. Crop water requirement of wheat as estimated by CROPWAT model was 286.7 mm during 2010-11 and 304.9 mm during 2011-12. The reduction in cumulative yield under various moisture regimes predicted by CROPWAT model was 3.9, 9.1, 14.6 and 19.3% during crop season 2010-11 and 2.8, 8.6, 11.2 and 20.1% during crop season 2011-12 respectively. The yield reduction as simulated by CROPWAT model under different moisture regimes was closely collaborated with the actual yield reduction. The treatment CRI + 100 mm CPE in main plot and SH + Mycorrhizae + KCl spray + Kaolin spray in sub plot produced higher grain, straw and biological yield.Not Availabl

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Research ArticleField experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar having shallow water table (85 to135 cm) to evaluate the water use and its components in bed planted (FIRBS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under three levels of moisture regimes, viz. irrigation at IW/CPE = 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9. Depletion of soil moisture (SMD) and contribution from shallow water table (GWC) increased with stage of the crop, maximum during 86 DAS to maturity period. Soil water, in the respective two crop seasons, contributed 8.63 cm and 9.27 cm under FIRBS, and 8.10 cm and 8.77 cm with conventional method of sowing towards crop ET. Total water use was 38.24 and 40.83 cm in conventional sowing which decreased to 37.43 and 36.84 cm under FIRBS in the respective two crop seasons. The water productivity of the applied irrigation water under FIRBS was higher by 25.2 and 21.5% (630 and 305 kg/ha-cm) than conventional sowing (503 and 251 kg/ha-cm) in the respective two crop seasons. The share of soil water to crop ET was highest (37.8%) with IW/CPE=0.5 and decreased to 30.8% with IW/CPE=0.9. GWC was not influenced by varying moisture regimes in the 1st crop season, but in the 2nd season it was higher under IW/CPE=0.5 and decreased with increase in moisture regimes. The total water use in the two crop seasons was highest (40.44 and 43.71 cm) with irrigation at IW/CPE of 0.9 and decreased with decrease in moisture regimes. Irrigations applied at IW/CPE=0.9 resulted in significantly higher grain yields closely followed by IW/CPE=0.7. The WUE of irrigation water applied was highest (733 kg/hacm) with irrigation at IW/CPE of 0.7 in 2010-11, but in 2011-12, it was highest (378 kg/ha-cm) with lowest moisture regimes of irrigation at IW/CPE of 0.5.Not Availabl

Structural insights into the metabolism of 2-chlorodibenzofuran by an evolved biphenyl dioxygenase

The biphenyl dioxygenase of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 (BphAE(LB400)) is a Rieske-type oxygenase that catalyzes the stereospecific oxygenation of many heterocyclic aromatics including dibenzofuran. In a previous work, we evolved BphAE(LB400) and obtained BphAE(RR41). This variant metabolizes dibenzofuran and 2-chlorodibenzofuran more efficiently than BphAE(LB400). However, the regiospecificity of BphAE(RR41) toward these substrates differs. Dibenzofuran is metabolized principally through a lateral dioxygenation whereas 2-chlorodibenzofuran is metabolized principally through an angular dioxygenation. In order to explain this difference, we examined the crystal structures of both substrate-bound forms of BphAE(RR41) obtained under anaerobic conditions. This structure analysis, in combination with biochemical data for a Ser283Gly mutant provided evidences that the substrate is compelled to move after oxygen-binding in BphAE(RR41):dibenzofuran. In BphAE(RR41):2-chlorodibenzofuran, the chlorine atom is close to the side chain of Ser283. This contact is missing in the BphAE(RR41):dibenzofuran, and strong enough in the BphAE(RR41):2-chlorodibenzofuran to help prevent substrate movement during the catalytic reaction