759 research outputs found

    SCHIP Children: How Long Do They Stay and Where Do They Go?

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    Presents findings on the length of children's enrollment in State Children's Health Insurance Programs and their coverage after they leave the program in seven states. Explores variations across states and how state policies may affect retention

    Covering Kids & Families Evaluation: Synthesis of 10 Case Studies: Exploring Medicaid and SCHIP Enrollment Trends and Their Links to Policy and Practice

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    Highlights thematic findings from case studies in ten states of RWJF's 1999-2006 initiative to increase enrollment in Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Programs through outreach, simplified procedures, and collaboration with state agencies

    Covering Kids & Families Evaluation Case Study of Michigan: Exploring Medicaid and SCHIP Enrollment Trends and Their Links to Policy and Practice

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    Evaluates the impact in Michigan of the RWJF project to increase enrollment in Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Programs. Outlines state policy changes and local- and state-level findings on the links between activities and enrollment trend

    Cancer-related health behaviors and health service use among Inuit and other residents of Canada’s north

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    Objective – To identify the extent to which differences between Inuit and other residents of Canada’s North in a set of health behaviors and health service use related to cancer incidence and diagnosis can be accounted for by demographic, socio-economic and geographic factors. Study Design – Data on residents aged 21-65 who live in Canada’s North are drawn from the 2000-01 and 2004-05 Canadian Community Health Surveys and the 2001 Aboriginal People’s Survey. Methods – Multivariate Logistic regression analysis is applied to 1) a set of health behaviors including smoking, binge drinking and obesity, and 2) a set of basic health service use measures including consultations with a physician and with any medical professional, Pap smear testing and mammography. Results – Higher smoking and binge drinking rates and lower rates of female cancer screening among Inuit are not accounted for by differences in demographic characteristics, education, location of residence or distance from a hospital. Conclusions – Factors specific to Inuit individuals and communities may be contributing to negative health behaviors associated with increased cancer risk, and to a lower incidence of diagnostic cancer screening. Policy interventions to address these issues may need to be targeted specifically to Inuit Canadians.Inuit, aboriginal, cancer screening, smoking, health

    The baby effect and young male syndrome : social influences on cooperative risk-taking in women and men

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    Parental investment theory predicts differences in risk-taking for females and males as a consequence of reproductive context, with females attempting to reduce risks in relation to their own offspring (here called the baby effect) and males taking more risks in competition with one another (young male syndrome). The experiment we report tests these predictions in a cooperative context by introducing the Social Balloon Analogue Risk Task—the Balloon Analogue Risk Task modified to include a social partner (adult male, adult female, or baby)—along with a commitment device in which participants choose among several possible social partners, with whom they will share their earnings. Results were consistent with the predictions of parental investment theory. Females did not change their levels of risk-taking when paired with adult males or females, but showed a strong reduction in risk when paired with babies. Consistent with previous research, males were strongly inclined to take more risks when paired with another male of the same age, but males showed no change in risk-taking when paired with a female of the same age or a child. The current work provides the first experimental evidence of gender differences in cooperative social risk-taking, as well as the first experimental evidence of a mediator of female risk-taking, i.e., babies

    The emotional recall task : juxtaposing recall and recognition-based affect scales

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    Existing affect scales typically involve recognition of emotions from a predetermined emotion checklist. However, a recognition-based checklist may fail to capture sufficient breadth and specificity of an individual’s recalled emotional experiences and may therefore miss emotions that frequently come to mind. More generally, how do recalled emotions differ from recognized emotions? To address these issues, we present and evaluate an affect scale based on recalled emotions. Participants are asked to produce 10 words that best described their emotions over the past month and then to rate each emotion for how often it was experienced. We show that average weighted valence of the words produced in this task, the Emotional Recall Task (ERT), is strongly correlated with scales related to general affect, such as the PANAS, Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales, and a few other related scales. We further show that the Emotional Recall Task captures a breadth and specificity of emotions not available in other scales but that are nonetheless commonly reported as experienced emotions. We test a general version of the ERT (the ERT general) that is language neutral and can be used across cultures. Finally, we show that the ERT is valid in a test-retest paradigm. In sum, the ERT measures affect based on emotion terms relevant to an individual’s idiosyncratic experience. It is consistent with recognition-based scales, but also offers a new direction towards enriching our understanding of individual differences in recalled and recognized emotions

    The dark side of information proliferation

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    There are well-understood psychological limits on our capacity to process information. As information proliferation—the consumption and sharing of information—increases through social media and other communications technology, these limits create an attentional bottleneck, favoring information that is more likely to be searched for, attended to, comprehended, encoded, and later reproduced. In information-rich environments, this bottleneck influences the evolution of information via four forces of cognitive selection, selecting for information that is beliefconsistent, negative, social, and predictive. Selection for belief-consistent information leads balanced information to support increasingly polarized views. Selection for negative information amplifies information about downside risks and crowds out potential benefits. Selection for social information drives herding, impairs objective assessments, and reduces exploration for solutions to hard problems. Selection for predictive patterns drives overfitting, the replication crisis, and risk seeking. This article summarizes the negative implications of these forces of cognitive selection and presents eight warnings, which represent severe pitfalls for the naive informavore, accelerating extremism, hysteria, herding, and the proliferation of misinformation

    Three Independent Evaluations of Healthy Kids Programs Find Dramatic Gains in Well-Being of Children and Families

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    Presents highlights from evaluations of a comprehensive health insurance coverage program for children, launched by Children's Health Initiatives and supported by the California Endowment, in Los Angeles, San Mateo, and Santa Clara counties

    Covering Kids & Families Evaluation: Case Study of Illinois: Exploring Links Between Policy, Practice and the Trends in New Medicaid/SCHIP Enrollments

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    Evaluates the impact in Illinois of the RWJF project to increase enrollment in Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Programs. Outlines state policy changes; outreach, simplification, and coordination activities; and 1999-2005 enrollment trends

    Experiments in the synthesis of pyrido [1, 2-a] pyrazinium salts

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