Local diversity in settlement, demography and subsistence across the southern Indian Neolithic-Iron Age transition: site growth and abandonment at Sanganakallu-Kupgal

The Southern Indian Neolithic-Iron Age transition demonstrates considerable regional variability in settlement location, density, and size. While researchers have shown that the region around the Tungabhadra and Krishna River basins displays significant subsistence and demographic continuity, and intensification, from the Neolithic into the Iron Age ca. 1200 cal. BC, archaeological and chronometric records in the Sanganakallu region point to hilltop village expansion during the Late Neolithic and ‘Megalithic’ transition period (ca. 1400–1200 cal. BC) prior to apparent abandonment ca. 1200 cal. BC, with little evidence for the introduction of iron technology into the region. We suggest that the difference in these settlement histories is a result of differential access to stable water resources during a period of weakening and fluctuating monsoon across a generally arid landscape. Here, we describe well-dated, integrated chronological, archaeobotanical, archaeozoological and archaeological survey datasets from the Sanganakallu-Kupgal site complex that together demonstrate an intensification of settlement, subsistence and craft production on local hilltops prior to almost complete abandonment ca. 1200 cal. BC. Although the southern Deccan region as a whole may have witnessed demographic increase, as well as subsistence and cultural continuity, at this time, this broader pattern of continuity and resilience is punctuated by local examples of abandonment and mobility driven by an increasing practical and political concern with water

Comparative Study of Retinal Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness with Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer and Visual Field Changes in Cases of Suspicious Disc or Glaucoma Suspect

Purpose: To compare and correlate macular ganglion cell complex thickness (GCC) with retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and visual field (VF) changes in cases of suspicious disc or glaucoma suspect. Methods: A total of 60 glaucoma suspects, were included in the study group.  These patients were subjected to standard investigations for glaucoma like tonometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), gonioscopy and fundoscopy. Visual fields were assessed using automated static perimetry of Humphrey Automated Visual Field Analyser. The test used was central 30-2 SITA standard. optical coherence tomography was done using RTvue, model 100 (version 5.1) to assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion Cell complex thickness (GCC). Correlation of RNFL and GCC was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient and correlation between GCC and VF was assessed using two independent sample t –test. Results: A total of 60 eyes of 60 glaucoma suspects, were enrolled in the study both males and females were included