La libération de la perception : la matérialité du noir dans l’architecture de Jean Nouvel

La libération de la perception est une recherche consacrée à la perception de la couleur noire dans l’architecture. Ce mémoire s’inscrit dans le champ disciplinaire de l’histoire de l’architecture moderne et contemporaine. Sous-titré : La matérialité du noir dans l’architecture de Jean Nouvel. Il explore les productions architecturales de Jean Nouvel, notamment celles qui sont caractérisées par la dominance de la couleur noire et traite le rôle du noir sous bien des apparences dans sa construction architecturale. Cette recherche entend contribuer à la compréhension de la pensée architecturale de Jean Nouvel, particulièrement en ce qui concerne la relation entre le noir et l’espace architectural. La première partie de ce mémoire se rapporte à l’aspect sociohistorique et artistique de la couleur noire. Elle parcourt, entre autres, l’histoire de son alliance avec l’architecture au 20e siècle. À partir du début du 20e siècle, l'architecture a profité du développement industriel de la couleur. Cette dernière s'est attribué un rôle principal dans la lecture des volumes de l'architecture, contrairement au seul rôle d'un embellissement superflu. Le noir tout particulièrement est un constructeur opératoire. Il structure l’architecture de Mies van der Rohe. Il est chargé de discours et d’images symboliques dans le cas d’Arata Isozaki et il matérialise l’absence dans l’espace avec Étienne Louis Boullée et Tadao Andõ. La deuxième partie de ce mémoire aborde les expressions du noir dans l’univers de Jean Nouvel. Le noir y occupe une place magistrale. Jean Nouvel s’identifie et se singularise par le noir dans son apparence vestimentaire tout autant que dans l’interprétation de ses nouvelles idées. Dans son architecture, le noir figure soit comme une couleur pigmentaire, soit comme une absence de couleur et dans les deux cas il révèle des propriétés spatiales particulières. La troisième partie dévoile l’emploi du noir pour le bâtiment de la Fondation Cartier. Celui-ci émane de l’esthétique de la disparition et du sacrifice de l’architecture moderne. Il figure comme une non-couleur associée à l’absence et au néant. À travers cet aspect du noir, Jean Nouvel a dépassé le réel en créant un monde d’illusion et a inventé de nouveaux espaces de perception qui véhiculent des images figuratives et allégoriques.This thesis explores how the use of the color black can liberate perception in architecture. It is situated within the disciplinary field of the history of modern and contemporary architecture. Subtitled The Materiality of Black in The Architecture of Jean Nouvel, it explores the architectural works of Jean Nouvel, especially those characterized by the dominance of the color black, analyzing the varied manifestations of black in Nouvel’s architectural projects. The research enhances understanding of the architectural thought of Jean Nouvel, particularly with regard to the relations of black to architectural space. The first part of the thesis examines sociohistorical and artistic aspects of the color black. Among other things, it traces the history of the color’s alliance with architecture in the 20th century. From the beginning of the 20th century, color was no longer considered as ornament or as superfluous decoration but as an element of construction of equal importance with other elements of architectural production. In this context, black, in particular, is an effective construction component. For example, it structures the architecture of Mies van der Rohe; it is tasked with discursive and symbolic roles by Arata Isozaki, it materializes absence for Louis Boullée and Tadao Andõ. The second part of the thesis deals with black as an expressions idiom in Jean Nouvel’s architectural practice. Black is central to Nouvel’s identity as an architect, not solely in terms of his architectural innovations but also in his mode of self-presentation, his choice of clothing. Sometimes used as a building material and other times as a defining concept, black in Nouvel’s architecture as either pigment or absence reveals particular spatial properties. The final part of the thesis reveals how black has been employed in the Cartier Foundation [Fondation Cartier]. This use of black derives from an aesthetics of the disappearance and from the sacrifice of modern architecture. Black appears as a non-color associated with absence and nothingness. Through his elaboration of this aspect of the color black, Jean Nouvel is able to surpass reality and create a world of illusion, inventing new spaces of perception that convey figurative and allegorical images

Implementation of a multilayer statistical physics model to interpret the adsorption of food dyes on a chitosan film

This paper reports the application of an advanced multilayer model to study the adsorption of food dyes FD&C blue No. 2, acid red 18, FD&C red No. 2, and FD&C yellow 5 from aqueous solutions with a chitosan film. These dyes' adsorption mechanisms were discussed and analyzed at 298–328 K and pH 4–7 via statistical physics calculations. Physicochemical parameters were utilized to explain the dye adsorption at the molecular scale. Modeling results showed dye aggregation phenomena where each functional group of chitosan film adsorbed several dye molecules simultaneously at different tested temperatures. Aqueous solution temperature reduced the dye adsorption capacities, attributed to the exothermic nature of dye removal. The chitosan film was more effective for the adsorption of dye FD&C yellow 5. The estimated adsorption energies for dye-chitosan film and dye-dye interactions confirmed an exothermic physisorption associated with van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. This study's results contributed to expanding the knowledge on the adsorption mechanisms of dye molecules using biopolymers like chitosan

Conception d’antenne textile à base de CMA pour les communications sur le corps

National audienceDepuis quelques années, des études scientifiques autour des technologies des réseaux intelligents, à proximité(WPAN) ou centré sur le corps humain (WBAN : Wireless Body Area Network) sont de plus en plus visible. Ces études attirent toutes les attentions grâce aux larges applications qu’ils permettent. Nous reportons dans cet article, la conception d’une nouvelle antenne textile miniaturisée double bande à base de métamatériaux de type conducteur magnétique artificiel (CMA). Tout d’abord, nous avons étudié la cellule CMA seule utilisée dans l’application 4G/LTE et Wifi. Ensuite, cette dernière a été associée à une antenne double bande. Les résultats de mesures et de simulations sont également présentés (Coefficients de réflexion, gains diagrammes de rayonnements et efficacité)

Explaining the adsorption mechanism of the herbicide 2,4-D and the drug ketoprofen onto wheat husks Fagopyrum esculentum treated with H2SO4

In this paper, the adsorption of the herbicide 2,4-D and the drug ketoprofen on wheat husks Fagopyrum esculentum treated with H2SO4 is experimentally and analytically analyzed. The adsorbent is fully characterized through some techniques such as FT-IR, SEM, and XRD. Adsorption tests are carried out to optimize the performances in terms of adsorbent dosage and solution pH. Subsequently, the impact of temperature is determined through the realization of adsorption isotherms. A multilayer model is employed to microscopically interpret the adsorption mechanism of both the investigated compounds. The modelling analysis shows that the number of molecules bound per adsorption site varied from 0.68 to 2.77 and from 2.23 to 3.59 for ketoprofen and herbicide 2,4-D, respectively. These estimated values testify that an aggregation process occurs during adsorption. The global number of formed layers of each adsorbate is also determined, showing a significant reduction from 5.73 to 2.61 for ketoprofen and from 1.79 to 1.5 for herbicide 2,4-D with the temperature. For a complete understanding of the adsorption mechanism, the saturation adsorption capacity and adsorption energy were calculated and interpreted. Overall, it may be inferred that physical interactions govern how these contaminants adsorb on the tested adsorbent

Statistical physics modeling and evaluation of adsorption properties of chitosan-zinc oxide nanocomposites for the removal of an anionic dye

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Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH

International audienc

Enhanced adsorption of ketoprofen and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyactic acid on Physalis peruviana fruit residue functionalized with H2SO4: adsorption properties and statistical physics modeling

In this research, a functionalization of Physalis peruviana biomass with H2SO4 and its application in the adsorption of ketoprofen and 2,2-dichlorophenoxyactic acid is reported. In particular, the adsorption properties of this biomass were improved through a sulfuric acid treatment to enhance its removal performance of organic molecules. Surface chemistry of this modified biomass was also characterized. Experimental adsorption isotherms of these organic pollutants were determined at 298 – 328 K and pH 2. A multilayer statistical physics model was used in the data modeling to analyze the corresponding adsorption mechanism. Results showed that the endothermic multilayer adsorption of ketoprofen was a multi-molecular process where molecular aggregation could be expected. On the other hand, the adsorption of 2,2-dichlorophenoxyactic acid on this functionalized biomass was multi-anchoring. Adsorption energies (ΔE1) varied from 4.13 to 5.53 kJ/mol for KTP and from 7.54 to 7.96 kJ/mol for 2,4-D herbicide. These results showed that physical adsorption forces were involved in the removal of these organic molecules with this functionalized biomass because the adsorption energies < 40 kJ/mol

Understanding the Cu2+ adsorption mechanism on activated carbon using advanced statistical physics modelling

Adsorption modeling via statistical physics theory allows to understand the adsorption mechanism of heavy metal ions. Therefore, this paper reports the analysis of the mechanism of copper ion (Cu2+) adsorption on four activated carbons using statistical physics models. These models contain parameters that were utilized to provide new insights into the possible adsorption mechanism at the molecular scale. In particular, a monolayer adsorption model was the best alternative to correlate the Cu2+ adsorption data at 25–55 °C and pH 5.5. Furthermore, the application of this model for copper adsorption data analysis showed that the removal of this heavy metal ion was a multi-cationic process. This theoretical finding indicated that Cu2+ ions interacted via one functional group of activated carbon surface during adsorption. In this direction, the adsorption energy was calculated thus showing that Cu2+ removal was endothermic and associated with physical interaction forces. Furthermore, these activated carbons showed saturation adsorption capacities from 54.6 to 87.0 mg/g for Cu2+ removal, and their performances outperformed other adsorbents available in the literature. Overall, these results provide new insights of the adsorption mechanism of this water pollutant using activated carbons

Preparation of an avocado seed hydrochar and its application as heavy metal adsorbent: Properties and advanced statistical physics modeling

International audienc

Green β-cyclodextrin nanosponges for the efficient adsorption of light rare earth elements: cerium and lanthanum

During the past decades, the removal and recovery of Lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) have attracted considerable interest owing to their importance in several industrial processes. In the present work, green nanosponge adsorbents have been synthesized from a local and economic source of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and applied for the first time to La and Ce ion recovery from aqueous solutions. A statistical physics model has been used to analyze adsorption data. This material has shown high adsorption capacities of 625.34 and 773.29 mg g−1 for Ce and La, respectively. Furthermore, a temperature of 298 K has been identified as the best condition to remove these elements from aqueous solutions. Furthermore, DFT simulations have been performed to identify the nature of functional groups involved in removing these rare earth elements. Assessments of the adsorbent regeneration and recycling capacities have also been determined, showing that β-CD nanosponges remain stable and effective for La and Ce adsorption over three desorption-adsorption cycles. Hence, this green, economic, and reusable biomaterial has great potential for recovering light rare earth elements from water. Finally, this study provides new insights for analyzing the adsorption mechanisms of Ce and La under various experimental conditions