The applicability of the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability-second revised British edition (NARA II) in the South African context.

Psychological tests are closely tied to the context in which they were designed. Within the South African context, the inequalities of apartheid played a major role in test development and use, and it relies on various international tests that may not be suitable to the context and on local tests that may not include all linguistic groups. There is a need for psychological tests that are in use to be reliable, valid and free from bias. Thus, this research examined the applicability of the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability-Second Revised British Edition (NARA II) in the South African context. Aspects of reliability, validity and bias were examined. A non-probability sample of 144 Grade Four first and second language learners attending one of four government schools in Gauteng were assessed on the NARA II. A non-probability sample of eight professionals (two teachers, one psychometrist, two educational psychologists, two speech therapists and one reading therapist and trainer) were interviewed for their views on the applicability of the NARA II. The research followed a mixed methods approach, namely a sequential explanatory strategy. The results demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability, although this was lower than in the normative sample and other studies. Face validity and concurrent validity were adequate. The content validity of the NARA II was questionable within the South African context, suggesting it should be adapted for use in this country. Some evidence of bias based on gender, home language, population group, educational level of parents and the school learners attended was found. The qualitative data supported findings from the quantitative data. A thematic content analysis identified nine themes namely Suitability of the NARA II to the South African context, Similarities between the NARA II and reading tasks in school, Differences between the NARA II and reading tasks in school, Comprehension skills, Assessment tools utilised for reading in South Africa, Learner errors on reading, Foundations of reading, Benefits and Affordability. The overall conclusion is that adaptation of the NARA II and norming on the South African population be undertaken

Seawater irrigation systems for intensive marine shrimp farming in Thailand

The aim of the seawater irrigation system (SIS) is to clean up shrimp pond effluent and provide high quality seawater for shrimp farming. The system has 3 components: water intake; treatment reservoir and discharge system. There are criteria for site selection because shrimp farmers are required to form associations so they can work closely together. The construction site must be on the coastal area outside a mangrove forest and located away from a production agricultural area. All construction sites must have undergone an environmental impact assessment, and should be located on the area listed in Thailand's Coastal Zone Management Plan. Five SIS projects, which cover a culture area of 6,500 ha with 1,300 farmers (families), were completed and operated. The Department of Fisheries has planned for another 28 projects, that will cover almost 44,000 ha of culture area

BACKGROUND OF MARRIAGE AND HARMONY BETWEEN THE BALINESE AND THE CHINESE WITHIN THE DESA PAKRAMAN IN BALI

Chinese and Balinese are two different ethnicities.they also have marriage preferences,because they belog to different social grouping. Althought they have their own social groups, srossed-marriages, i.e. Chinese and balinesa have taken place in Bali. There are many Chinese people become the members of desa pakraman which is as sign ( or features of identity ) on the Balinese people. It can be assumed that integrated relation of both ethnic groups are based on ethnic stereotypes, i.e. subjective overview about ethnicity. This article will discuss the stereotypes of both ethnic groups with regard to the context of crossed-marriage and the togethernees of both of the two different ethics in the desa pakraman IN Bali. The results of the analyses indicate that ethnic stereotypes to crossed-marriage and togetherness of Balinese and Chinese Desa Pakraman include subjective overview indicating same signs ( features ) that each ethnic group has. Those features are physic ( beautiful, hand some ), economic aspect, attitude, and social behavior. In choosing a future husband or wife, either physical orientations are not the same, values of other aspects ( economy, religion, and attitude ) are used as other consideration so that crossed-marriage of two different ethnics were taken place. It is have certain reasons to note that especially in the togetherness as part of traditions that were inherited from their ancestors. They thought that although they belong to different ethnicities, they still feel that they belong to a ‘family’. Apart from that, the Balinese, on one hand, exploit the desa pakraman Key words: Cross-ethnic marriage, desa pakraman, and living together

The antimicrobial efficacy of Fijian honeys against clinical isolates from diabetic foot ulcers

A diverse range of illnesses has been treated with honey since ancient civilizations. There has been growing interest by health care professionals in wound care products based on New Zealand Manuka honey and Australian honey of similar Leptospermum spp. In Fiji, local honeys have been used in homes to treat diabetic foot ulcers which have failed to heal by conventional therapeutic methods. This suggests that Fiji honeys may confer antimicrobial activity against the isolates from diabetic foot ulcers and this inference was tested in this study. The antimicrobial activity of 30 natural and two processed honeys was determined using some clinical isolates from diabetic foot ulcers, namely: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity of the natural honeys, determined by an agar well diffusion assay and expressed as the concentration of phenol with equivalent activity, was found to be between 4.1 and 14.5% phenol. The mean inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the honeys determined by an agar incorporation technique, was found to range from 4.8% to more than 9.1% (v/v) honey (9.1% being the highest concentration tested). In comparison, the activities of two processed honeys were between 4.5 - 8.9% phenol equivalence and did not inhibit the clinical isolates from diabetic foot ulcers at the highest concentration of honey tested (9.1%). The results demonstrate that Fijian honeys could be utilized as herbal remedy for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. However, to assess the potential of Fijian honeys on diabetic foot ulcers, there is a need for clinical trials on these wounds

Analisis Intensitas Medan Magnet Elf (Extremely Low Frequency) Di Sekitar Peralatan Elektronik Dengan Daya ≥ 1000 W

Research on the analysis of the magnetic field intensity ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) is essentially an attempt to prevent the impact of disease risks posed by electromagnetic field radiation. Measuring instrument used to measure the magnetic field intensity EMF 827 is capable of measuring magnetic fields up to 2000 μT. The results of the intensity of exposure to magnetic fields measured by variations in distance of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm. The distance is selected because the distance is the distance that allows direct interaction with the magnetic field source. Issues to be studied are comparative intensity of the magnetic field around the electronic equipment with natural magnetic field and the magnetic field distribution around the electronic equipment with a power ≥ 1000 W. Results of comparative data are analyzed using One-Way ANOVA aided by SPSS 23 and presented in the profile / contour Surfer application assisted version 11.   Keywords: Analysis of the magnetic field intensity ELF, EMF 827, One-Way Anova, profile / contour,Surfer application assiste

Isi dan kelengkapan rumah tangga tradisional di daerah Bali

Dalam penulisan ini dipilih dua desa yang didasarkan atas tradisional dengan pengetahuan teknologi yang relatif sederhana. Disamping itu juga didasarkan atas kriteria lainnya seperti jauh dari pusat keramaian kota. Untuk desa yang tersebut ini ditetapkan desa Tihingan kecamatan Banjar Angkan kabupaten Klungkung (Bali). Di samping penetapan desa ini didasarkan atas kriteria yang tersebut di atas, secara operasional desa ini merupakan daerah agraris dengan sistem pertaniannya yang relatif sederhana. Walaupun demikian hal ini bukan berarti kehidupan pertaniannya tidak mengenal teknik-teknik intensifikasi

Dampak modernisasi terhadap hubungan kekerabatan di daerah Bali

Relevansf dalam rumusan proses modemisasi yang berkaitan dengan kebudayaan manusia, secara tepat Spradley mengemukakan bahwa, manusia mempelajari aturan untuk dapat mewujudkan kelakukan secara tepat. Peta-peta kognitif yang diperolehnya dari lingkungannya menyebabkan manusia menciptakan rencana-rencana yang terorganisir sebagai suatu kelakuan dalam usaha mencapai cita-citanya. Jika dikaitkan dengan pandangan C. Geertz tentang kebudayaan nampaknya memiliki implikasi motodologis yang mendekati rumusan Spradley mengemukakan, bahwa kebudayaan merupakan satuan ide, pola bagi kelaguan, dan kebudayaan berisikan sistem kategorisasi yang mewujudkan keteraturan. Pola-pola pengertian yang terjalin secara menyeluruh dalam simbol-simbol ditransmisikan secara historis, dan selanjutnya manusia menggunakannya sebagai alat komunikasi, melestarikannya serta mengembangkannya dengan pengetahuan dan sikap mereka terhadap lingkunganny

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF STUDENT WORKSHEETS AND THE INTEREST OF LEARNING IN SOCIAL SCIENCES AT SMP NEGERI 2 KASIHAN

This study to determine whether or not relationship between the use of LKS with Social Sciences Learning Interest at SMP Negeri 2 Kasihan. This research is a correlational research. The population were all students of SMP Negeri 2 Kasihan, the research sample was 192 students with simple random sampling technique. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. Instrument validity test using Product Moment and reliability test using Cronbach's Alpha. Data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics, then prerequisite tests using normality and linearity tests. Hypothesis testing using Pearson correlation analysis with help by SPSS21. The results of this study indicate a relationship between the use of LKS with social sciences learning interest at SMP Negeri 2 Kasihan, evidenced by results of the Sig. (2-tailed) on the use of LKS and social sciences learning interest 0,0000,05. Reinforced by the correlation coefficient shows result 0,568 which means the level of correlation is moderate.Keywords: Use of Student Worksheets, Interest in Social Science