Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Bauhinia variegata Linn.

The antimicrobial effect of Bauhinia variegata Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae) leaf and bark extract was evaluated on microbial strains like Gram positive species Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and Gram negative species Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The solvent used for extraction of plant were Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Alcohol. The alcoholic extract of leaves of Bauhinia variegata shows maximum antimicrobial activity. The in vitro antimicrobial valuation was carried out by disc diffusion method. The significant antibacterial activity of active extract was compared with standard antibiotic Amphicillin. The samples of leaves and bark were further used for the phytochemical studies. Results of the phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, oil, fat glycoside, carbohydrates, Phenolics, Tannins, lignin, saponins, flavonoids and Terpinoids. The antibacterial activities of the leaves and bark were due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. The phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of B. variegata leaves and bark was determined by using the standard method

Studies on the mycoflora associated with the leaves of some plants

About twenty four diseased plants were collected from around Aurangabad city of Maharashtra State. The mycoflora on the leaf surfaces was observed by various methods such as direct observation on stained leaf, leaf wash method, spore fall method, leaf print method. About fifteen genera of different pathogenic fungi have been recorded. Potato dextrose agar media was used for growing the fungi. The some fungi which recorded are Alternaria spp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Helminthosporium spp., Phytopthora spp., Pythium spp., Phyllactinia spp, Uncinulla spp., Urosystis spp., Uromyces spp., etc. The maximum infection is by Fussarium spp. and Alternaria spp. to 13 plant species. The pathogen Fussarium spp. and Alternaria spp. are found causing disease both on same host on up to 9 different plant species

OEDOGONIALES FROM DHULE AND NANDURBAR DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA (INDIA)

During the study of systematic account Oedogoniales of Sakri and Navapur taluka, district Dhule and Nandurbar respectively, Maharashtra the author collected twenty-three taxa belonging to three genera.  Oedogonium Hirn. is a dominant genus followed by Bulbochaete Hirn. while Oedocladium Hirn. is a monotypic. Out of twenty-three taxa Oedogonium orientale Jao and Bulbochaete borealis Hirn., are first time recorded from India. Four taxa are new record for Maharashtra and twelve taxa were recorded second time from Maharashtra. The Oedogoniales of this region have not been studied earlier. This is the first ever attempt to explore, enumerate and taxonomically evaluate the algal components of the area. Distribution of the taxa in India has been discussed. The quantitative availability of species is also noted.Â

Optimum Use of Handheld Device Using Monolithic Kernel Architecture for Security Purpose

Recompile the kernel to customize as per user need so that unnecessary running application will not be available. This will secure the machine for specific purpose only since we optimize the system and make it reliable. We made camera application and specific module only sustainable in order to achieve our objective security by optimizing the system. Trusted computing based work has been proposed for the system which is necessity of modular monolithic kernel architecture

Isolation of seed-borne fungi of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare pers.)

Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world after wheat, rice, maize and barley. The grain had been used for consumption of both humans and livestock and also different genes of the plant serve many other important uses. The crop has been suffer from various type of diseases, majority of them are known to be caused by fungi, which are mostly seed born. In present study Seed-borne fungi of sorghum in Marathwada region were surveyed. A total of 24 seed samples of eight different varieties from various locations, collected were tested, using the blotter and agar plate methods. Twenty eight fungal species of eighteen genera appeared in the seeds of eight different variety of Sorghum. In untreated seeds of the entire varieties maximum incidence was of Curvularia lunata. Treated seeds showed complete absence of Cladosporium herbarum, Trichothecium roseum and Absidia ramose. Agar plate method was found to be favorable for the maximum counts of saprophytic fungi and also favorable for detection of some specific fungi. Presence of many pathogenic fungi in considerable number of seed samples indicates the need of field surveys for these and other pathogens.Â

Antifungal properties of extracts of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Datura stramonium against some vegetable pathogenic fungi

A study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal properties of Ocimum tenuiflorum (also known as Ocimum sanctum) and Datura stramonium extracts on Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer using the well in agar method. The in vitro studies have been performed by using leaf, stem bark and root bark chloroform, alcoholic and aqueous extracts. All extracts showed antifungal activity. The stem bark alcoholic extract of D. stramonium showed maximum activity; while minimum activity was observed with root aqueous extract of O. tenuiflorum against the fungi under investigation. Results showed that radial growth in all the test organisms was impaired by the addition of the extracts in the culture medium used. The test organisms differed in their reaction to the different extracts but on the whole, growth inhibition increased with the concentration of each extract. The antifungal activity for both the plants and for both the organisms was found is in increasing order i.e. root bark < leaves < stem bark

Formulation of experimental data based model for oil press using human powered flywheel motor as energy source

Human powered oil press extracts oil from oilseeds.  The extracted oil can be used for eating purpose or even in laboratories where one can take different tests on the oil.  A machine was fabricated which will perform this pressing operation not by electric power but by human power.  It is seen that human power is sufficient enough to be converted into work.  The evolution of oil press by using human power is a complex phenomenon.  There are many factors affecting the performance of oil press.  To study man-machine interaction and human fatigue in various agricultural tasks, AICRP on HESA (All India Coordinated Research Project on “Human Engineering and Safety in Agriculture”) (1996) started by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, used experimental approach.  As a result of the continuous variation of speed of the process unit input shaft, understanding of the phenomenon of execution of the process cannot be logic based.  Hence it is necessary to adopt application of Methodology of Experimentation to such a process for formulating experimental data based model.  Hence Theory of Experimentation, provided by H. Schenck Jr. was applied.  In this paper, an approximate generalized data based model for such a human powered oil press is developed by varying independent parameters during the experimentation. Subsequently the optimization of the model was established.  Thus the results of this experimental research would be useful to farmers or small scale entrepreneurs in the rural area, where there is 10 to 12 hours load sheding of electricity, especially in rural Maharashtra (India).  This technology will not only improve the socioeconomic condition of the rural population, but also reduce the gap between supply and demand of edible oils. Keywords: Human powered flywheel motor, energy, oilseed, oil press, dependent variables, and independent variables