Effect of frying on physicochemical properties of sesame and soybean oil blend

Most common cooking oil, such as soybean oil, can not be used for high-temperature applications, as they are highly susceptible to oxidation. Sesame seed oil rich in natural antioxidants provides high oxidative stability. Therefore, blending sesame oil with soybean oil offer improved oxidative stability. This study aims to determine the effect of frying on the physicochemical properties of sesame and soyabean oil blend. Soybean oil (SO) was blended with sesame seed oil (SSO) in the ratio of A-40:60, B-60:40 and C-50:50 so as to enhance its market acceptability. The changes occurring in soybean and sesame seed oil blend during repeated frying cycles were monitored. The parameters assessed were: Refractive index, specific gravity, viscosity, saponification value, free fatty acid (FFA) , peroxide value, and acid value. Fresh and fried oil blends were also characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). No significant changes were observed for refractive index and specific gravity values in oil blends. Viscosity of blend B blend was the least, making it desirable for cooking purposes. However, FFA, acid value and peroxide value increased after each frying cycle. The increment of FFA and AV was found low for blend A (10% and 10%,) than blend B (27%,13%) and blend C (13%,13%). The peroxide value of all samples was within the acceptable range. The results of the present study definitely indicated that blending sesame oil with soybean oil could produce an oil blend which is economically feasible and provide desirable physicochemical properties for cooking purposes

Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990–2016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study

18% of the world's population lives in India, and many states of India have populations similar to those of large countries. Action to effectively improve population health in India requires availability of reliable and comprehensive state-level estimates of disease burden and risk factors over time. Such comprehensive estimates have not been available so far for all major diseases and risk factors. Thus, we aimed to estimate the disease burden and risk factors in every state of India as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016

Modulation of Protonation-Deprotonation Processes of 2-(4 '-Pyridyl)benzimidazole in Its Inclusion Complexes with Cyclodextrins

2-(4'-Pyridyl)benzimidazole (4PBI) can exist in several states of protonation, having three basic nitrogen atoms. The equilibria involving these states, in ground as well as in excited states, are found to be affected significantly by cyclodextrins (CDs). The formation of inclusion complexes of this compound with all three varieties of cydodextrins is observed to be more favorable at pH 9 than at pH 4, due to the predominance of the neutral form of dye at pH 9. The binding affinity of 4PBI to CDs is found to be governed by two factors: (i) the size of the host and (ii) the mode of insertion of 4PBI. We find that, for the host with a smaller cavity (alpha-CD), insertion of the dye with a pyridyl face is favored, whereas, for gamma-CD, the preference is shifted toward the benzimidazole face of the dye. For beta-CD, the binding affinity of the dye is maximum due to perfect cavity matching with the guest. A combination of steric factor and hydrogen bonding interaction is found to be responsible for modulation of the protonation-deprotonation equilibria of the guest molecule in the inclusion complex. Surprisingly, a protonated form is found to be promoted upon inclusion in cydodextrins, under certain conditions. This is an unusual behavior and has been rationalized by prototropism involving the hydroxyl protons of cyclodextrin molecules

Engineered nanomaterials for environmental Sustainability: A Lab-to-Market perspective

Application and usage of lightweight materials growing rapidly in every field of industries and engineering applications. The use of nano fillers with fibers in polymer composites has a significant effect on the performance of developed composite. This paper deals with the detailed introduction about nanofillers and their application in polymer composites. Incorporation of nano-fillers with reinforcement or matrix will imparts a substantial effect on the mechanical characteristics as well as thermal stability of the composites. Special attention is made to improve the mechanical characteristics of the nano-filler reinforced polymer composites. Better interfacial bonding between matrix and reinforcement due to application of nanofillers results in better mechanical properties mentioned in this study. Tensile, flexural, impact properties and improved frictional properties of nanocomposites determine their application in various engineering applications, and this study illustrates how these properties range from one nano-filler to another. In this article, use of nanocomposites and their effect on different industries, such as automotive, biotechnologies, sports and aerospace applications, etc has been discussed. © 202

Modulation of Protonation–Deprotonation Processes of 2‑(4′-Pyridyl)benzimidazole in Its Inclusion Complexes with Cyclodextrins

2-(4′-Pyridyl)­benzimidazole (4PBI) can exist in several states of protonation, having three basic nitrogen atoms. The equilibria involving these states, in ground as well as in excited states, are found to be affected significantly by cyclodextrins (CDs). The formation of inclusion complexes of this compound with all three varieties of cyclodextrins is observed to be more favorable at pH 9 than at pH 4, due to the predominance of the neutral form of dye at pH 9. The binding affinity of 4PBI to CDs is found to be governed by two factors: (i) the size of the host and (ii) the mode of insertion of 4PBI. We find that, for the host with a smaller cavity (α-CD), insertion of the dye with a pyridyl face is favored, whereas, for γ-CD, the preference is shifted toward the benzimidazole face of the dye. For β-CD, the binding affinity of the dye is maximum due to perfect cavity matching with the guest. A combination of steric factor and hydrogen bonding interaction is found to be responsible for modulation of the protonation–deprotonation equilibria of the guest molecule in the inclusion complex. Surprisingly, a protonated form is found to be promoted upon inclusion in cyclodextrins, under certain conditions. This is an unusual behavior and has been rationalized by prototropism involving the hydroxyl protons of cyclodextrin molecules