Profil Hematologi Induk Domba dengan Pemberian Pakan Flushing Berbeda: Hematologic Profile of The Ewes by Giving Different Flushing Feed

This study aimed to analyze the hematological profiles of late pragnant sheep fed by flushing ration. This research used twelve multiparous lactating ewes of thin tale local sheep, with the average body weight of 29,75 ± 6,20 kg head-1 and placed in individual sheep pen. This research used a randomized block design (RBD) with 4x3 that was grouped based on body weight of ewes. The treatments consisted of R1 = treatment without flushing, R2 = flushing treatments before and after matting, R3 = flushing treatment same with R2 plus during in the middle of pregnancy, R4 = flushing treatment same with R3 plus during at the end of pregnancy. Ratio forages and concentrate in the ration were 30:70% based on dry matter basis. The observed variables were hematological profiles and nutrient intake. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the significance of treatments was continued to have the analysis through Duncan test. The results showed that the treatments did not affect significantly to the hematological profiles nor the nutrients intake, except to the amount of white blood cell. The conclusion of this research was the different flushing management for the late pregnancy ewes did not give a significant effect on hematological profiles and nutrient consumption. Key words:        flushing, hematology, local thin tale sheep ewes, matin

Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus in Indonesian children: A cross-sectional study.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of infection and commonly colonizes the nasopharynx of young children, along with other potentially pathogenic bacteria. The objectives of this study were to estimate the carriage prevalence of S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus in young children in Indonesia, and to examine interactions between these bacterial species. 302 healthy children aged 12-24 months were enrolled in community health centers in the Bandung, Central Lombok, and Padang regions. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and stored according to World Health Organization recommendations, and bacterial species detected by qPCR. Pneumococcal serotyping was conducted by microarray and latex agglutination/Quellung. Overall carriage prevalence was 49.5% for S. pneumoniae, 27.5% for H. influenzae, 42.7% for M. catarrhalis, and 7.3% for S. aureus. Prevalence of M. catarrhalis and S. pneumoniae, as well as pneumococcal serotype distribution, varied by region. Positive associations were observed for S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis (OR 3.07 [95%CI 1.91-4.94]), and H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis (OR 2.34 [95%CI 1.40-3.91]), and a negative association was found between M. catarrhalis and S. aureus (OR 0.06 [95%CI 0.01-0.43]). Densities of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis were positively correlated when two of these species were present. Prior to pneumococcal vaccine introduction, pneumococcal carriage prevalence and serotype distribution varies among children living in different regions of Indonesia. Positive associations in both carriage and density identified among S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis suggest a synergistic relationship among these species with potential clinical implications

Effectiveness of a quality improvement collaborative in reducing time to surgery for patients requiring emergency cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Acute gallstone disease is a high-volume emergency general surgery presentation with wide variations in the quality of care provided across the UK. This controlled cohort evaluation assessed whether participation in a quality improvement collaborative approach reduced time to surgery for patients with acute gallstone disease to fewer than 8 days from presentation, in line with national guidance. METHODS: Patients admitted to hospital with acute biliary conditions in England and Wales between 1 April 2014 and 31 December 2017 were identified from Hospital Episode Statistics data. Time series of quarterly activity were produced for the Cholecystectomy Quality Improvement Collaborative (Chole-QuIC) and all other acute National Health Service hospitals (control group). A negative binomial regression model was used to compare the proportion of patients having surgery within 8 days in the baseline and intervention periods. RESULTS: Of 13 sites invited to join Chole-QuIC, 12 participated throughout the collaborative, which ran from October 2016 to January 2018. Of 7944 admissions, 1160 patients had a cholecystectomy within 8 days of admission, a significant improvement (P < 0·050) from baseline performance. This represented a relative change of 1·56 (95 per cent c.i. 1·38 to 1·75), compared with 1·08 for the control group. At the individual site level, eight of the 12 Chole-QuIC sites showed a significant improvement (P < 0·050), with four sites increasing their 8-day surgery rate to over 20 per cent of all emergency admissions, well above the mean of 15·3 per cent for control hospitals. CONCLUSION: A surgeon-led quality improvement collaborative approach improved care for patients requiring emergency cholecystectomy

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Rice panicle plasticity in Near Isogenic Lines carrying a QTL for larger panicle is genotype and environment dependent

P values of yield component in the green house and field experiments. Table S2. The increase (positive values) and reduction (negative values) of panicle architecture traits as the result of the qTSN4 and treatment (light or density) effects. (DOCX 19 kb

Risk factors associated with nasopharyngeal carriage and density of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus in young children living in Indonesia

Background: Potentially pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly carried in the nasopharynx of young children. Host and environmental factors have been linked with pathogen carriage, and in many studies rural children have higher carriage rates than their urban counterparts. There are few published data on what factors contribute to increased pathogen density. The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage and density of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and S. aureus in young children in Indonesia. Methods: Risk factor analysis was done using data on bacterial carriage and participant characteristics from a cross-sectional study that enrolled 302 children aged 12-24 months living in urban or semi-rural areas of Indonesia. Associations between host factors and odds of pathogen carriage were explored using logistic regression. Characteristics identified to be independent predictors of carriage by univariable analysis, as well as those that differed between urban and semi-rural participants, were included in multivariable models. Risk factors for increased pathogen density were identified using linear regression analysis. Results: No differences in carriage prevalence between urban and semi-rural children were observed. Multiple children under the age of 5 years in the household (< 5y) and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms were associated with S. pneumoniae carriage, with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of 2.17 (95% CI 1.13, 4.12) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.15, 4.50), respectively. There was some evidence that URTI symptoms (aOR 1.94 [95% CI 1.00, 3.75]) were associated with carriage of M. catarrhalis. Children with URTI symptoms (p = 0.002), and low parental income (p = 0.011) had higher S. pneumoniae density, whereas older age was associated with lower S. pneumoniae density (p = 0.009). URTI symptoms were also associated with higher M. catarrahlis density (p = 0.035). Low maternal education (p = 0.039) and multiple children < 5y (p = 0.021) were positively associated with H. influenzae density, and semi-rural residence was associated with higher S. aureus density (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study provides a detailed assessment of risk factors associated with carriage of clinically-relevant bacteria in Indonesian children, and new data on host factors associated with pathogen density

The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC

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