Konstruksi Berpikir Kritis Melalui Pengenalan Fungsi Jam dan Konsep Waktu Pada Anak Usia Dini

Kajian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas pada anak kelompok usia 5 – 6 tahun di Sekolah Laboratorium Taman Kanak-Kanak Yasmin Jember, yang bertujuan untuk mengenalkan fungsi jam dan konsep waktu. Pengenalan tentang jam sudah sering dilakukan di TK Yasmin, yang dikaitkan dengan pengenalan lambang bilangan yang ada pada jam. Sedangkan konsep waktu dikenalkan pada anak berkaitan dengan kegiatan sehari-hari yang dilakukan anak. Namun pengenalan fungsi angka, fungsi jarum jam sebagai penunjuk lama atau kapan keberlangsungan suatu kegiatan dilakukan, yang dikenal sebagai waktu, seringkali dianggap tidak penting untuk dikenalkan pada anak. Mengenalkan makna waktu mengkonstrak berpikir kritis anak untuk melakukan regulasi memahami sikap, pengetan dan keterampilan agar belajar memahami pentingnya pelaksanaan suatu kegiatan dengan batasan waktu tertentu. Kajian ini dianalisis secara naratif interpretative berbasis teori untuk memahami kompetensi anak dalam mengkonstrak pengetahuan baru dalam bentuk kreatif. Kata kunci: fungsi jam, konsep waktu, berpikir kritis   This study is a class action research aims to introduce the concept of time for young children. Introduction about the hours it has often been done in the kindergarten Yasmin, which is associated with the introduction of existing numbers had taken on the clock or a watch. While the concept of time usually introduced by regarding to everyday activities that kids do. However, the introduction of a number of functions, the clock function as the length pointer for the activity or when the existence of an activity is performed, which is known as time, often considered unimportant for children. The aim of the study is to introduce the meaning of time concept as a critical thinking that helped children to understand about attitude, knowledge and skills in order to regulate the importance of the time limit implementation for their activity in daily life. Keywords: clock function, concept of time, critical thinkin

Gain-of-function oncogenic mutations in TP53 enhance defined factor-mediated cellular reprogramming

Cancer is a disorder with various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Genetic alterations such as mutations, i.e., substitutions, amplifications, and deletions of nucleotide sequences, are largely irreversible, whereas epigenetic alterations can be modified by pharmacological agents that target components of the epigenetic machinery. Recent studies have showed that introduction of defined factors such as those encoded by c-MYC, SOX2, OCT3/4, and KLF4 in normal somatic cells results in their dedifferentiation into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. In addition, we have reported that these iPS factors induce the development of induced multipotent cancer (iPC) cells from gastrointestinal cancer cells by reducing tumor aggressiveness. The efficiency of iPS reprogramming increased when p53 was inhibited. The study of cancer cells suggests that the p53 pathways might be involved in the aggressive phenotypes of iPC cells in a long-term culture. However, the roles of gain-of-function oncogenic mutations in TP53, which is a key tumor suppressor gene, remain to be elucidated. We investigated reprogramming efficiency of iPS generation in human diploid fibroblasts that were co-transfected with TP53 mutants and defined factors. The results suggest that mutations in those TP53 regions that are involved in DNA contact might play a critical role in the efficiency of iPS generation. Taken together, our studies suggest 2 roles of TP53 mutations in reprogramming: (1) the structural mutations might contribute to, or collaborate with, other mutations to regulate the maintenance of genomic stability; (2) the DNA-contact mutations could affect the downstream target genes, which may be distinct from those involved in wild-type p53 function. These molecular manipulations of tumorigenicity and enhancement of cellular reprogramming efficiency by the p53 pathway will open an attractive and useful avenue for future medicine

A mammosphere formation RNAi screen reveals that ATG4A promotes a breast cancer stem-like phenotype

Introduction: Breast cancer stem cells are suspected to be responsible for tumour recurrence, metastasis formation as well as chemoresistance. Consequently, great efforts have been made to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer stem cell maintenance. In order to study these rare cells in-vitro, they are typically enriched via mammosphere culture. Here we developed a mammosphere-based negative selection shRNAi screening system suitable to analyse the involvement of thousands of genes in the survival of cells with cancer stem cell properties. Methods: We describe a sub-population expressing the stem-like marker CD44+/CD24-/low in SUM149 that were enriched in mammospheres. To identify genes functionally involved in the maintenance of the sub-population with cancer stem cell properties, we targeted over 5000 genes by RNAi and tested their ability to grow as mammospheres. The identified candidate ATG4A was validated in mammosphere and soft agar colony formation assays. Further, we evaluated the influence of ATG4A expression on the sub-population expressing the stem-like marker CD44+/CD24low. Next, the tumorigenic potential of SUM149 after up- or down-regulation of ATG4A was examined by xenograft experiments. Results: Using this method, Jak-STAT as well as cytokine signalling were identified to be involved in mammosphere formation. Furthermore, the autophagy regulator ATG4A was found to be essential for the maintenance of a sub-population with cancer stem cell properties and to regulate breast cancer cell tumourigenicity in vivo. Conclusion: In summary, we present a high-throughput screening system to identify genes involved in cancer stem cell maintenance and demonstrate its utility by means of ATG4A

Comprehensive analysis of the role of NLRC5 in gastrointestinal cancer: a systematic review

Gastrointestinal cancer is affecting millions of people globally, leading to high incidence and mortality rates and creating a high economic burden. Survival rates have generally remained poor. New biomarkers are needed to help distinguish cases for proper treatment classification. NLRCS has been known to regulate immune responses, but its possible link to cancer is still controversial. This review aimed to determine the role of NLRC5 in GI cancers

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI Cu-ZEOLIT DALAM AKUADES TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans is one of many microorganisms composing denture plaque. Its development can be prevented by using denture cleanser (soaking method). Denture cleanser can be produced by combination of zeolite and copper (Cu) through ion exchange, thus producing mixture of antibacterial. Study aims to understand the effect of Cu-zeolite concentration in the distilled water affecting Streptococcus mutans growth. The study used material of natural zeolite (Wonosari), CuCl2. 2H2O (Merck p.a, Germany), and cultured S. mutans. Zeolite was activated by increasing temperature for 1 hour (105oC) and mixed with 0.2 M CuCl2 solution in 50g:250mL ratio using stir heat for 1 hour (60°C). Solution washed and dried within 24 hours (100oC). Cu-zeolite was dilluted according to each concentration of 9mg/mL, 18mg/mL and 36mg/mL. Its contacted with 0,01mL suspension of S. mutans (108 CFU/mL) for 120 minutes and implanted on BHI agar, and incubated (37oC/24 hours). Number of colonies counted and analyzed using Anava test and LSD0,05. Mean and standard deviation of the number of colonies on Cu-zeolite concentration in the aquades of 9mg/mL, 18mg/mL and 36mg/mL were 40,000 ±14,142, 22,500 ±5,000, and 10,000 ±0 (CFU/mL), respectively. Anava test indicates Cu-zeolite concentration in aquades decreasing the growth of S. mutans colonies with a significant difference in the concentration groups of 9mg/mL and 36mg/mL. The result it can be concluded that the Cu-zeolite solution decreased the growth of S. mutans. High concentration proven to be effective on decreasing numbers of S.mutans

Pengaruh suplementasi Zn terhadap perubahan indeks TB/U anak stunted usia 24-36 bulan

Background : Zn supplementation on stunted children in multiple research get the result inconsistent concerning the effect of Zn on children’s growth. Objective : To examine the effect of Zn supplementation to the change in height for index among stunted children age between 24-36 months. Methods: The research design is randomized pretest posttest control group design. The total of thirty six stunted children are divided into two groups. The treatment group is received syrup with 20 mg ZnSO4 twice a week for three months. The control group received placebo without Zn. Height for age z score (HAZ) on WHO Child Growth 2006 is used to measure height for age index while dietary intake and infection diseases are used as confounding variables. Result : There is significant difference in HAZ before and after supplementation at treatment group (p<0.001) and control group (p<0.001). There is a significant difference of the change in HAZ between the treatment group and control group (p=0.006). Percentage Achievement of Energy, Protein, and Zn Dietary Allowance have significant difference between the treatment group and control group (p=0.009; p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively). The change in HAZ, Percentage Achievement of Energy, Protein, and Zn Dietary Allowance are higher in treatment group than control group. Duration of diarrhea (p=0.045) and morbidity (p=0.019) are lower in treatment group than control group. Conclusion : Zn Supplementation among stunted children have significant effect on the change in HAZ, dietary intake, and infection

Pengaruh Suplementasi Zn Terhadap Perubahan Indeks TB/U Anak Stunted Usia 24-36 Bulan

Latar Belakang : Suplementasi Zn pada anak stunted di beberapa penelitian mendapatkan hasil yang masih tidak konsisten tentang pengaruh Zn terhadap pertumbuhan anak. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi Zn terhadap perubahan skor Z TB/U pada anak stunted usia 24-36 bulan. Metode : Eksperimen dengan rancangan tes awal tes akhir kelompok kontrol dengan sampel acak. Sebanyak 36 anak stunted dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan diberi suplemen sirup yang mengandung 20 mg ZnSO4 dua kali seminggu selama 3 bulan sedangkan kelompok pembanding diberi sirup plasebo tanpa Zn. Indeks TB/U yang digunakan adalah skor Z TB/U berdasarkan WHO Child Growth 2006 sedangkan asupan gizi dan penyakit infeksi digunakan sebagai variabel perancu. Hasil Penelitian : Skor Z TB/U berbeda bermakna sebelum dan setelah suplementasi pada kelompok perlakuan (p<0,001) dan kelompok pembanding (p<0,001). Perubahan skor Z TB/U kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi dan berbeda bermakna dibanding kelompok pembanding (p=0,006). Tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, dan Zn kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi dan berbeda bermakna dibanding kelompok pembanding (p=0,009, p<0,001, p<0,001, berturut-turut). Lama diare (p=0,045) dan morbiditas (p=0,019) kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dan berbeda bermakna dibanding kelompok pembanding. Simpulan : Suplementasi Zn pada anak stunted berpengaruh terhadap perubahan skor Z TB/U, asupan gizi dan kejadian infeksi

SIKAP REMAJA PUTRI SMA TERHADAP KEHAMILAN USIA DINI DI DESA PANCASARI, KECAMATAN SUKASADA, KABUPATEN BULELENG

Kehamilan usia dini merupakan masalah yang dihadapi oleh remaja putri di berbagai negara, termasuk di Indonesia. Di Desa Pancasari, Kecamatan Sukasada, tercatat 25 kasus kehamilan usia dini selama periode tahun 2013-2014. Sebagian besar adalah remaja putri yang baru menamatkan pendidikan SMA/SMK. Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran sikap remaja putri SMA terhadap kehamilan usia dini dengan menggunakan metode studi potong lintang. Sampel pada penelitian ini berasal dari kelas X, XI, dan XII di dua SMA/SMK di Desa Pancasari yang dipilih dengan metode simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner angket yang dibagikan kepada 150 responden, dimana data dari 129 responden dianalisis setelah melewati proses data cleaning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden (n=68, 52,7%) memiliki sikap negatif terhadap kehamilan usia dini. Dilihat dari per item sikap terhadap kehamilan usia dini, sebagian besar responden bersikap positif terhadap penerimaan terhadap kehamilan usia dini, dan bersikap negatif terhadap intensi terhadap kehamilan usia dini, perilaku seksual remaja, pemakaian kondom, dan tindakan aborsi. </p

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Nasabah BANK Pemegang Kartu Kredit yang Dibebankan Biaya Tambahan (Surcharge) oleh Merchant dalam Transaksi Pembayaran

The development of technology and information makes credit cards in demand by the public. However, consumer protection has not been able to fully guarantee legal protection for consumers, especially for bank customers who hold credit cards. The purposes of this study are to reveal the legal protection arrangements for consumer bank customers who are credit card holders who are charged an additional fee (surcharge) by merchants in payment transactions as well as sanctions against merchants who charge additional fees (surcharge) for consumer bank customers who are credit card holders in payment transactions. This research method is a normative research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The technique of collecting legal materials is done by using library techniques. The sources of legal materials used are primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. After the data is collected, then the legal materials are analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study reveal that legal protection for credit card holders is categorized into 3 (three) stages, namely before the transaction, during the transaction, and after the transaction. It is hoped that the government will coordinate with the competent authorities. Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority (OJK) should be able to make stricter regulations regarding the protection of credit card holder