Penetapan Dokter Gigi Layanan Primer Di Indonesia

Pelaksanaan jaminan kesehatan nasional (JKN) di Indonesia yang di implementasikan pada tahun 2014 merupakan tantangan untuk dapat melakukan Perubahan pelayanan yang lebih terstruktur. Konsep pelayanan sistem jaminan kesehatan nasional di Indonesia membagi pelayanan menjadi 3 struktur layanan yaitu pelayanan primer, pelayanansekunder dan pelayanan tersier. Pola pembiayaan yang digunakan untuk pelayanan primer adalah sistem kapitasi, sedangkan untuk pelayanan sekunder dan tersier menggunakan sistem DRG (Diagnosis Related Group) yang di Indonesia digunakan istilah Indonesia Case-Based Group (INA CBG`s). Kondisi kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia untuk kesehatangigi dan mulut masih belum baik, sehingga memerlukan perbaikan proses, aksesibilitas, dan konsep pelayanan yang lebih baik. Perbaikan tersebut dapat dilaksanakan dalam bentuk pelayanan primer kedokteran gigi, dengan konsep kendali mutu dan kendali biaya. Tujuan dari penulisan telaah ilmiah ini adalah memberikan kajian pada penetapan pelayanan di bidang kedokteran gigi menjadi pelayanan primer dalam sistem JKN, sesuai dengan kaedah, kondisi dan peraturan yang berlaku. Dokter gigi layanan primer sebagai first professional degree yang peran dan fungsinya adalah di pelayanan tingkat primer (primary health services) berfungsi sebagai gate-keeper pada pemberi pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang diharapkan dapat menertibkan sistem rujukan dalam Sistem Kesehatan Nasional. Dokter gigi layanan primerdiharapkan dapat menyelesaikan keluhan masyarakat akan kesehatan gigi yang termasuk dalam batas kompetensi dan kewenangannya, sehingga masyarakat tidak perlu mengorbankan sumber daya yang lebih besar untuk mendapatkan perawatan tingkat spesialis yang sesungguhnya tidak mereka perlukan. Peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut kepada masyarakat merupakan hal yang mutlak diperlukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia di masa yang akan datang. Determination Of Primary Dental Services In Indonesia. The implementation of Indonesia National Health Security (JKN) is a challange from developing a better structure of healthcare. The structure of health services is divided into three tiered system, which is primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care. Model of financing used for the primary care is capitation system, while for secondary and tertiary care system is claim system based on Indonesia Case-Based Group (CBG INA `s). Improvement of oral health services by general dentist can be carried out in the form of primary care dentistry by quality and cost control.The aim of this study is to provide a scientific study on the determination of dental services offered by general dentist as primary care in National Health Security system, according to the rules, conditions and regulations. Primary care dentists have function at the main level of care (primary health services) as a gate-keeper. They are expected to enforce referral system in the National Health Security System. Primary care dentist issupposed to resolve oral health problem within their competence and authority, so people do not need to go to specialist care that is not needed. Thus, improving the quality of oral health services provided for the public is a must

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA PRAKTIK KELISTRIKAN PROGRAM KEAHLIAN TEKNIK KENDARAAN RINGAN DI SMK NEGERI 1 KALITENGAH

Sarana dan prasarana pendidikan dalam proses pembelajaran mempunyai peranan yang penting, khususnya pada pembelajaran praktik kelistrikan di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, mengingat kelistrikan merupakan salah satu pokok pembelajaran dalam otomotif. Sarana dan prasarana yang dimiliki oleh SMK yang digunakan untuk pembelajaran praktik siswa akan mempengaruhi kualitas hasil dari proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kelayakan sarana dan prasarana praktik kelistrikan program keahlian teknik kendaraan ringan di SMK Negeri 1 Kalitengah. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara, serta menggunakan instrumen yang disadur dari Permendiknas No. 40 Tahun 2008 digabungkan dengan instrumen verifikasi BNSP kesiapan Ujian Kompetensi Kejuruan SMK Tahun 2018/2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat ketercapaian prasarana kelayakan ditinjau dari kualitas dan kuantitas ruang praktek kelistrikan Program Keahlian Teknik Kendaraan Ringan SMK Negeri 1 Kalitengah adalah 51,6%, maka dapat dikatakan layak. Sedangkan ketercapaian sarana kelayakan di tinjau dari kualitas, kuantitas dan kemutakhiran ruang praktik kelistrikan Program Keahlian Teknik Kendaraan Ringan adalah 62,5%, maka dapat dikatakan layak. Hal tersebut dapat mendukung peningkatan kompetensi siswa pada praktek kelistrikan Program Keahlian Teknik Kendaraan Ringan SMK Negeri 1 Kalitengah tahun ajaran yang akan datang. Kata Kunci : Sarana Prasarana, Praktik Kelistrikan Teknik Kendaraan Ringan

Barriers to the Implementation of Dental Insurance in Indonesia as Perceived by Primary Dentists

  Introduction: In 2014, the government of Indonesia launched the National Health Insurance (NHI) system. The system faced challenges in terms of its implementation because it changed the funding scheme within the pre-established health services structure. Under the new NHI system, the funding scheme for primary care providers is a capitation system; in the field of dental care, this means primary dentists received payment based on the amount number of participants enrolled within their geographical area.   Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe primary dentists’ perceived constraints toward the implementation of the NHI system and their level of knowledge about managed care in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.   Methods: To determine dentists’ perceptions about the implementation of NHI and their knowledge about managed care, we surveyed dentists in a descriptive study. Two types of questionnaire were administered to 91 dentists who work at community health centers (CHCs) in Yogyakarta, using the total population sampling technique.   Result: Through the surveys, we determined that 78 dentists (71%) perceived constraints related to capitation, 65 dentists (72%) perceived constraints related to benefits packages, 59 dentists (65%) perceived constraints related to workload, and 23 dentists (25%) perceived constraints related to dental health facilities. In terms of their knowledge of managed care, 46 respondents (50.5%) demonstrated a good knowledge of managed care, 43 respondents (47.3%) had moderate knowledge, and 2 respondents (2.2%) had poor knowledge.   Conclusion: The constraints to managed care, as perceived by primary dentists, should be taken into account when implementing the NHI system in Yogyakarta, as these perceptions could affect the system’s success

Antioxidant and Chemoprevention Activity of Camelia Sinensis-Annona muricata Extract Combination against WiDr Cells Line

Antioxidant compounds have an essential role in inhibiting the process of cell proliferation and have a chemopreventive effect. This study aims to trace the presence of antioxidant compounds allegedly contained in tea leaves (Camelia Sinensis L.) and soursop leaves (Anonna muricata L.) and investigate their potency as chemopreventive agents. Research steps include (1) identify the active compounds using thin-layer chromatography (TLC); (2) find out the potential compounds against cancer cells by molecular docking using Autodock Vina; (3) conduct a potential antioxidant test using free radicals DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrihidrazil); and (4) identify the cytotoxic effect on WiDr colon cancer cells test using MTT Assay method. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensis-Annona muricata leaf combination was suspected of containing flavonoid compounds with Rf values of 0.66 and 0.68. Besides, the DPPH antioxidant test showed an IC50 value of 26.9 μg/mL. Cytotoxic potential against WiDr cells resulted in an IC50 value of 41 μg/mL. Furthermore, the molecular docking test of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Acetogenin compounds against bcl-xl target proteins showed the docking score of -8.1 kcal/mol and -6.7 kcal/mol, respectively. It concluded that the extract combination of Camelia Sinensis-Annona muricata leaf had strong potency as an antioxidant and chemopreventive agent against the WiDr colon cancer cells line

Dental Visit, Dental Diseases, and Dental Therapist Pattern in The Implementation of NHI at Private Clinics

  Introduction: Since 2014 through the National Health Insurance (JKN) program, the pattern of health financing in Indonesia has been changed, in the first level health facilities (FKTP), from the fee for service payment to capitation payments system. Reports from the Public Health Office of Yogyakarta City showed that in 2014 there was an increased in basic dental services in the city of Yogyakarta by 68.01% from 2013. The Firdaus Pratama Clinic Yogyakarta is a primary clinic with medical and dental services as one of the providers of the JKN program since 2015.   Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the national health insurance program in dentistry at Firdaus Pratama Clinic, Yogyakarta.   Methods: The type of this research was descriptive observational study, with the method used in the form of secondary data observation. Secondary data was obtained through electronic medical records at Firdaus Pratama Clinic. This research was conducted at the Firdaus Pratama Clinic in Yogyakarta which has been working with BPJS since 2015.   Results: The number of participants and the number of dental visits at the Firdaus Pratama Clinic continued to increase. The 3 diagnoses in dental services at the Firdaus Pratama Clinic that frequently found in the form of consultation were necrosis of pulp, dental caries, and pulpitis.   Conclusion: The category of dental visits at Firdaus Pratama Clinic was high, which found more than 2% utilization based on the number of participants and dental visit

Factors Influencing Requirement's Implementation of Clinical Dental Student of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta

  Introduction: Institution of Dentist Education (IPDG) which requires professional students to meet a number of requirements tend to get constraints, such as delay in graduation due to students unable to meet all the requirements. This constraint relates to important factors in professional education, namely lecturer factor, patient factor, and student factor.   Objectives: This study aimed to understand the factors that influence the fulfillment of the requirements of clinical dental students of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta (UMY).   Methods: This research was an observational research with cross sectional design. Research subjects amounted to 100, taken by purposive sampling technique. Research data consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from answers to questionnaires and secondary data were obtained from reports management information system in dental and mouth hospital of UMY. Research data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression.   Results: There was a difference between the questionnaire answers and the reports of management information system regarding the fulfillment of the requirements. Pearson correlation analysis results obtained significance value of the three factors of 0.000 (p<0.05). The result of multiple linear regression analysis showed that lecturer factor had significance value 0.003 (p<0.05), patient factor had significance value equal to 0.013 (p<0.05), and student factor had significance value equal to 0.001 (p<0.05). Simultaneously factor of lecturer, patient factor, and student factor significantly influence to fulfill requirement of clinical dental student with F count equal to 24.836 and significance number 0.000. The contribution of these three factors had an influence of 41.9%, the remaining 58.1% was determined by other variables that were not in this study.   Conclusion: Lecturer factor, patient factor, and student factor have relevance and influence the fulfillment of the requirements of clinical dental students of UMY