Response of wet forest butterflies to selective logging in Kalakad–Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve: Implications for conservation

The butterfly fauna of an unlogged wet evergreen site in Kalakad–Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve was compared with that of an adjoining 30-year-old selectively logged site. Comparison of the vegetation structure of both sites showed that the canopy was less contiguous and the ground cover was higher in the logged site. Species richness, abundance, and diversity of butterflies were higher in the selectively logged site. Species abundance in both forests types fitted log series distribution, which indicates that only a small portion of the assemblage occur in high abundance. Examination of habitat usage by the butterflies showed that the logged forest harbored a greater number of ubiquitous species along with the wet forest assemblage. Few species like Idea malabarica showed restraint in logged site, while there was a release of few other species in logged site. Implications of these results for butterfly conservation are discussed

Breeding systems and pollination modes of understorey shrubs in a medium elevation wet evergreen forest, southern Western Ghats, India

This study on the reproductive biology and pollination modes of 22 species of understorey shrubs in 11 families was conducted in a medium elevation wet evergreen forest in the southern Western Ghats of India from 1994 to 1997. We evaluated whether this assemblage was predominantly outcrossing as in other tropical forests, and whether mating systems are related to pollination mode. We assessed whether species were hermaphrodites, dioecious or monecious. We assessed the breeding systems of each species with hand self pollinations. About 55% of the species produced small white and inconspicuous flowers. The majority of the flowers opened at dawn and was visited by diurnal pollinators. The proportion of dioecious and monoecious species was lower than for other tropical forests. Among the hermaphrodites, the majority had mixed mating systems. Therefore the overall levels of obligate outcrossers (37%) were low compared with other tropical forests. We recognized 7 pollination modes: social bees, solitary bees, diverse insects, flies, sunbird, sphingid moth and Xylocopa sp. Among these the social bees, flies and diverse insects visited more species than the other groups. Species pollinated by flies and diverse insects tended to be significantly more outcrossing than those pollinated by bees and other solitary pollinators

Bird, flowers and pollination ecology

The recent paper by Atluri et al.1 provides some interesting information on the pollination ecology of Helectresisora. Information on bird flowers, their visitors and their pollination ecology are few from the sub-continent and this paper is a welcome addition to our knowledge of such systems. However, there are a few major errors in the paper that need to be addressed. The most glaring of these is the identification of the bird pollinator. The authors refer toQuaker babbler (Alcippe poioicephala) as one of the pollinators, but according to Figure 1 d in the article, it appears that the bird is the white-headed babbler (Turdoises affinis). The two are very different birds. T. affinis is bigger with a broader bill that can closely fit an H.isora flower, while A. poioicephala is a small bird and its bill and forehead do not fit the flower as closely as T. affinis. Consequently, pollination efficiency may be different between the two species. Misidentification can have important implications when it comes to conservation and in no case should betaken lightly, especially when the pollinators can be identified by proper use of field guides

THE EFFECTIVITY OF BELIMBING WULUH FRUIT ETHANOLIC EXTRACT ON DECREASING 2-HOUR POST PRANDIAL BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS OF DIABETIC MALE RATS

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by blood glucose levels greater than normal - hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose ? 126 mg / dl or post prandial blood glucose ? 200 mg / dl or blood glucose ? 200 mg / dl) caused by insulin deficiency and or insulin resistance. One way to control blood glucose levels can be done in a traditional way using natural ingredients. Belimbing wuluh fruits (Averrhoa bilimbi Lin.) has been widely used by the community because containing many active substances, including flavonoids. Flavonoids found in Belimbing wuluh fruit are dihydromyricetin. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectivity of belimbing wuluh fruit ethanolic extract on decreasing 2-hour post prandial blood glucose of male rats compared to acarbose. This type of study is in vivo laboratory experimental (pre and posttest only). The research was done from July to September 2020 in the Biochemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Laboratory and Animal House, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang. The population of study were white male rats. Statistical data analysis used SPSS version 22. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the ethanolic extract of belimbing wuluh fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) was effective on decreasing 2-hour post prandial blood glucose levels of diabetic male white rats

Pengaruh kualitas produk, diskon harga, dan promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian

This study aims to determine the effect of product quality, discounts, and promotions on purchasing decisions: an empirical study on Griya Department Stores. The method used in this study is multiple regression analysis. The data used is primary data collected through collecting questionnaires from 100 Griya Department Store customers. Empirical investigations show that product quality and promotional power have a strong influence on purchasing decisions. While the price discount has no relationship with the purchase decision, Good product quality accompanied by proven promotional power strengthens the customer's decision to buy. High price discounts do not always affect the customer's decision to buy the product. This research is useful for encouraging department store management to pay attention to their promotions so that they are right on target and reach their market. Excellent product quality, management must pay attention to give customers confidence that they are purchasing from the right place

Pengaruh kualitas produk, diskon harga, dan Promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian

Competition between retail store owners is now unavoidable because many companies are competing to increase market share and reach new customers. This study aims to determine the effect of product quality, discounts, and promotions on purchasing decisions: an empirical study on Griya Department Stores. The method used in this study is multiple regression analysis. The data used is primary data collected through collecting questionnaires from 100 Griya Department Store customers. Empirical investigations show that product quality and promotional power have a strong influence on purchasing decisions. While the price discount has no relationship with the purchase decision, Good product quality accompanied by proven promotional power strengthens the customer's decision to buy. High price discounts do not always affect the customer's decision to buy the product. This research is useful for encouraging department store management to pay attention to their promotions so that they are right on target and reach their market. Excellent product quality, management must pay attention to give customers confidence that they are purchasing from the right place

Pengaruh ekspor impor terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi pada tahun 2009 – 2019 di Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to determine how exports and imports affect economic growth in Indonesia. The type of data used in this study is statistical data from BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics) 2009 - 2019 in Indonesia which is descriptive verification and quantitative in nature and is used to obtain empirical evidence of the influence of independent variables to process data using multiple linear regression analysis in which several assumption tests are processed using Eviews 10 software. The results of the study found that exports have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia. While imports have a negative and significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia

Cepstrum Analysis: An Advanced Technique in Vibration Analysis of Defects in Rotating Machinery

Conventional frequency analysis in machinery vibration is not adequate to find out accurately defects in gears, bearings, and blades where sidebands and harmonics are present. Also such an approach is dependent on the transmission path. On the other hand, cepstrum analysis accurately identifies harmonics and sideband families and is a better technique available for fault diagnosis in gears, bearings, and turbine blades of ships and submarines. Cepstrum represents the global power content of a whole family of harmonics and sidebands when more than one family of sidebands are presents at the same time. Also it is insensitive to the transmission path effects since source and transmission path effects are additive and can be separated in cepstrum. The concept, underlying theory and the measurement and analysis involved for using the technique are briefly outlined. Two cases were taken to demonstrate advantage of cepstrum technique over the spectrum analysis. An LP compressor was chosen to study the transmission path effects and a marine gearbox having two sets of sideband families was studied to diagnose the problematic sideband and its severity

Nilai Pendidikan Akhlaq tentang Sikap dalam Persfektif Islam

The Qur'an not only provides guidelines for the life of a particular group, but also covers all aspects of human life, both related to Allah SWT, the relationship between humans and the universe. The Koran contains many values ​​about moral education, such as God's command for justice in Surah An-Nahl verse 90, and Surah Al-Maidah verse 8. Law, health, family, including education. Therefore, the writer is interested in analyzing these two surahs about justice. The formulation of the problem raised in this study is about the value of moral education of the Koran (explanatory research on the Koran surah an Nahl verse 90 and al maidah verse 8). The method used in this research is library research with qualitative descriptive analysis technology, namely by obtaining data or materials related to the topic of discussion and the problem from the library, then using the Tahlili Method analysis, which is a method of interpretation to explain the contents of the Koran from all aspects. aspect. The results showed that Surah an Nahl verse 90 contains the value of moral education about justice, including all forms of justice, including justice for oneself, law, justice for family, relatives and enemies. At the same time, in verse 8 of Surah al-Maidah, Allah's command is a just witness for the enemy

Visually guided grasping to study teleprogrammation within the BAROCO testbed

This paper describes vision functionalities required in future orbital laboratories; in such systems, robots will be needed in order to execute the on-board scientific experiments or servicing and maintenance tasks under the remote control of ground operators. For this sake, ESA has proposed a robotic configuration called EMATS; a testbed has been developed by ESTEC in order to evaluate the potentialities of EMATS-like robot to execute scientific tasks in automatic mode. For the same context, CNES develops the BAROCO testbed to investigate remote control and teleprogrammation, in which high level primitives like 'Pick Object A' are provided as basic primitives. In nominal situations, the system has an a priori knowledge about the position of all objects. These positions are not very accurate, but this knowledge is sufficient in order to predict the position of the object which must be grasped, with respect to the manipulator frame. Vision is required in order to insure a correct grasping and to guarantee a good accuracy for the following operations. We describe our results about a visually guided grasping of static objects. It seems to be a very classical problem, and a lot of results are available. But, in many cases, it lacks a realistic evaluation of the accuracy, because such an evaluation requires tedious experiments. We propose several results about calibration of the experimental testbed, recognition algorithms required to locate a 3D polyhedral object, and the grasping itself