Introduction of Reference Design 2 for the NED 15 t Large Aperture Dipole

In this report, the results of the electromagnetic design study for the cos θ-layer-type dipole are presented. The final configuration is referred to as Reference Design 2 for NED. The studied dipole is an 88 mm large bore, single aperture dipole surrounded by an iron yoke. It relies on the specifications for the Nb$_{3}$Sn strand and the Rutherford-type cable as well as on the material properties, the agreed dimensions and the maximum forces agreed upon by the collaboration. This design study is in the framework of CERN contributions to NED

2D Magnetic Design and Optimization of a 88-mm Aperture 15 T Dipole for NED

The Next European Dipole (NED) activity supported by the European Union aims at the development of a high-performance Nb$_{3}$Sn conductor ( c = 1500A mm 2 @15 T, 4.2 K) in collaboration with European industry and at the design of a highfield dipole magnet making use of this conductor. In the framework of the NED collaboration which coordinates the activity of several institutes,CERNhas contributed to the electromagnetic design study of a cos , layer-type superconducting dipole with an 88 mm aperture that is able to reach 15 T at 4.2 K. Part of the optimization process was dedicated to the reduction of the multipole coefficients so as to improve field quality while keeping an efficient peak-field to main-field ratio. In this paper, we present the optimization of the coil cross-section and of the shape of the iron yoke to reduce saturation-induced field errors during ramp. The effects of persistent magnetization currents are also estimated and different methods to compensate persistent-current-induced field distortions are presented

Argumentation Frameworks as Constraint Satisfaction Problems

This paper studies how to encode the problem of computing the extensions of an argumentation framework (under a given semantics) as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). Such encoding is of great importance since it makes it possible to use the very efficient solvers (developed by the CSP community) for computing the extensions. We focus on three families of frameworks: Dung’s abstract framework, its constrained version and preference-based argumentation frameworks

Low-field Instabilities in Nb3_{3}Sn Multifilamentary Wires: the Possible Role of Unreacted Nb

We report an experimental study aiming to demonstrate the not negligible role of unreacted Nb on the magnetic instabilities in superconducting Nb$_{3}$Sn multifilamentary wires, observable through partial flux jumps at magnetic field values below 0.5 T. The analysed wires were recently developed for use as dipoles required in future high-energy proton accelerators and are based on powder-in-tube technology. We studied both unreacted (only involving Nb filaments) and reacted wires, finding flux jump instabilities in both cases when performing magnetic measurements. The results can be interpreted on the basis of the critical state model and are coherent with the intrinsic stability criterion

First Computation of Parasitic Fields in LHC Dipole Magnet Interconnects

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), now under construction at CERN, will rely on about 1600 main superconducting dipole and quadrupole magnets and over 7400 superconducting corrector magnets distributed around the eight sectors of the machine. Each magnet type is powered by dedicated superconducting busbars running along the sectors and mounted on the iron yokes of the main dipole and quadruple magnets. In the numerous magnet interconnects, the busbars are not magnetically shielded from the beam pipes and produce parasitic fields that can affect beam optics. We review the 3-D models that have been developed with ROXIE to compute the parasitic fields and we discuss their potential impacts on machine performance

Test Results of the Third LHC Main Quadrupole Magnet Prototype at CEA/Saclay

The construction of the third second-generation main quadrupole magnet prototype for LHC has been completed at CEA/Saclay in November 2000. The magnet was tested at 1.9 K. Similarly to the two first ones, this prototype has exceeded the operating current in one training step and exhibited excellent training memory after a thermal cycle. This paper describes the quench performance and quench start localization determined by means of voltage-taps and a quench antenna system developed in collaboration with KEK. As this magnet was equipped with capacitive gauges, the stresses during cool-down and powering have been recorded and are in agreement with FE computations. The newly designed quench heaters have improved efficiency and reproducibility compared to those of the first generation. Magnetic measurements have been performed at various stages. The cold measurements show minor differences with those at room temperature and are similar to those of the two first magnets of this design. These results prove that the magnets are mechanically stable and confirm the design retained for the series production of the 400 LHC main quadrupoles

Test Results from the PF Conductor Insert Coil and Implications for the ITER PF System

In this paper we report the main test results obtained on the Poloidal Field Conductor Insert coil (PFI) for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), built jointly by the EU and RF ITER parties, recently installed and tested in the CS Model Coil facility, at JAEA-Naka. During the test we (a) verified the DC and AC operating margin of the NbTi Cable-in-Conduit Conductor in conditions representative of the operation of the ITER PF coils, (b) measured the intermediate conductor joint resistance, margin and loss, and (c) measured the AC loss of the conductor and its changes once subjected to a significant number of Lorentz force cycles. We compare the results obtained to expectations from strand and cable characterization, which were studied extensively earlier. We finally discuss the implications for the ITER PF system

Tensile Properties of the Individual Phases in Unreacted Multifilament Nb3_{3}Sn Wires

The room temperature elastic and plastic properties under uniaxial tensile loading of the different phases of an un-reacted, internal-tin process, Nb$_{3}$Sn wire have been determined by tensile tests of whole wires and of extracted Ta, Nb and Nb alloy filaments, as well as by indentation hardness measurements in metallographic wire cross sections

θ13\theta_{13}, δ\delta and the neutrino mass hierarchy at a γ=350\gamma=350 double baseline Li/B β\beta-Beam

We consider a $\beta$-Beam facility where $^8$Li and $^8$B ions are accelerated at $\gamma = 350$, accumulated in a 10 Km storage ring and let decay, so as to produce intense $\bar \nu_e$ and $\nu_e$ beams. These beams illuminate two iron detectors located at $L \simeq 2000$ Km and $L \simeq 7000$ Km, respectively. The physics potential of this setup is analysed in full detail as a function of the flux. We find that, for the highest flux ($10 \times 10^{18}$ ion decays per year per baseline), the sensitivity to $\theta_{13}$ reaches $\sin^2 2 \theta_{13} \geq 2 \times10^{-4}$; the sign of the atmospheric mass difference can be identified, regardless of the true hierarchy, for $\sin^2 2 \theta_{13} \geq 4\times10^{-4}$; and, CP-violation can be discovered in 70% of the $\delta$-parameter space for $\sin^2 2 \theta_{13} \geq 10^{-3}$, having some sensitivity to CP-violation down to $\sin^2 2 \theta_{13} \geq 10^{-4}$ for $|\delta| \sim 90^\circ$.Comment: 35 pages, 20 figures. Minor changes, matches the published versio