APPLIED ASPECT OF PRAKRITI SAMASAVETA AND VIRITIVISAMASAVETA SIDDHANTA

The ancient Indian science of life, Ayurveda has successfully thrived since its inception till today due to its strong foundation in the form of basic principle. Ayurveda consists of not only science but also the philosophy. Ayurveda has evolved with the inputs from the then existing philosophical thoughts and has modified so as to suit its purpose. Philosophy in Ayurveda indicates the love for truth and truth in Ayurveda is the pure existence of a person. To know a science properly one should have the thorough knowledge of all the fundaments. Acharyas also states that one who wants to comprehend the science completely needs to take the help of the basic science which existed during the time when Ayurveda was evolved. There are many fundaments in Ayurvedic literature till to be proved and to know its practical utility. Prakriti samasamaveta and Vikriti visamasamaveta are the two siddhanta given by Acharya Charak while describing relation between Rasa-Dravya and Dosha-Vyadhi. This study is carried out with a view to know the applicability of this siddhanta in treatment purpose

Bio-Fabrication of <i>Euryale ferox</i> (Makhana) Leaf Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential

Bio-fabrication of green or plant extract-based silver nanoparticles has garnered much praise over the past decade as the methodology is environment-friendly, undemanding, non-pathogenic, and economical. In the current study, leaves of Eurale ferox (Makhana), considered as waste, were used for the bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles (ELAgNPs). Various analytical techniques including UV–VIS spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (FESEM-EDX), Particle size analyzer (PSA), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used for their characterization. Their antibacterial efficacy was examined against gram positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis and gram negative bacterium, Escherichia coli. The antioxidant potential of the ELAgNPs was compassed by 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH; λmax = 517 nm) assay, H2O2 (λmax = 230 nm) and OH− (λmax = 520 nm)-based radical scavenging assays. The cytotoxicity was checked against the VERO cell line using 3-[4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A mean particle size of 26.51 ± 8.87 nm with a size distribution of 7.08–53.94 nm was obtained using HRTEM. The ELAgNPs exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial efficacy with a maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 21.98 ± 0.59 mm against B. subtilis and of 16.46 ± 0.22 mm against E. coli at 500 ppm after 24 h of incubation. The median lethal concentration for the cytotoxicity analysis was found to be 9.54 ± 0.35 ppm, 120.9 ± 6.31 ppm, and 20.74 ± 0.63 ppm for ELAgNPs, commercial silver nanoparticles (CAgNPs), and silver nitrate (SN), respectively. The ordinary one-way ANOVA results exhibited a significant decrease in cell viability after 72 h of incubation at p < 0.05, α = 0.05. In conclusion, the ELAgNPs showed good antibacterial, radical scavenging and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against the VERO cells. Therefore, these could be used for biomedical applications. Phyto-constituents present in the plant not only act as reducing agents but also as stabilizing and coating agents, and the availability of a wide range of metabolites makes the green approach more promising

In-silico Identification of Potential Inhibitors of Human Dihydrouridine Synthase 2 for Cancer Therapy

789-792The formation of dihydrouridine from uridine substrate is catalysed by the human tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase (hDus2) enzyme. The abundance of dihydrouridine, possibly accumulated due to the aberrant function of hDus2, is linked with carcinogenesis. In this study, we focused on hDus2 enzyme, in hopes of discovering novel molecule with affinity for its tRNA binding site. Using the computational method, we performed virtual screening of a natural compound library (NPACT) with Autodock Vina, followed by validation using Smina and Idock. The top hits ZINC08219592, ZINC44387960, and ZINC95098958 were further investigated for their ADME properties to assess their potential as drug candidates. Additionally, the electronic structure properties of the lead molecules were investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Our findings suggest that the identified natural molecules may act as potential hDus2 binders, opening new possibilities for the development of targeted anticancer drugs. This study provides a foundation for further research and the potential advancement of cancer therapeutics targeting on hDus2

Nematicidal Potential of Green Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aqueous Root Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra

Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) is a devastating soil-borne pathogen which can infect almost all cultivated plants around the globe, expediting huge pecuniary losses. The purpose of current study was to use the aqueous root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (GRAgNPs) and assess their nematicidal potential against M. incognita by in vitro methods, including hatching inhibition and mortality assays. The active uptake of FITC labeled GRAgNPs by the nematode and their effect on the expression of selected genes involved in oxidative stress and DNA damage repair were also studied. An HRTEM micrograph confirmed their spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 9.61 nm to 34.735 nm. Complete inhibition of egg-hatching was observed after 48 h of treatment with as low as 10.0 ppm of GRAgNPs. In addition, 100% mortality was recorded at the lowest dose of 6.0 ppm, after 12 h of treatment. The LC-50 for GRAgNPs was found to be 0.805 &plusmn; 0.177 ppm at p &lt; 0.0001, R2 = 0.9930, and &alpha; = 0.05. The expression of targeted genes (skn-1, mev-1, sod-3, dhs-23, cyp-450, xpa, cpr-1, gst-n, and ugt) was significantly enhanced (1.09&ndash;2.79 folds), at 1.0 ppm (&alpha; = 0.05, 95% CI) GRAgNPs treatment. In conclusion, GRAgNPs performed efficaciously and considerably in contrast to chemical nematicide and commercial silver nanoparticles (CAgNPs) and might be used as a promising alternative as relatively lower concentration and short exposure time were enough to cause higher mortality and nanotoxicity in nematodes

Identification of Potential Dipeptide Inhibitors for PfENR Enzyme in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathway II: A Computational Study for Developing Novel Antimalarials

803-806Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium that are transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The essential role of fatty acids in the malarial parasite's liver and blood stages makes it a promising target for combating P. falciparum. However, the emergence of strains of the malarial parasite has limited the efficacy of currently available drugs against malaria. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new drugs that can target the parasite and overcome drug resistance. This study aimed to identify potential dipeptide inhibitors for the PfENR enzyme using in-silico methods. Virtual screening was performed using thelibrary of 400 dipeptides to identify lead dipeptides with an affinity towards PfENR. We observed dipeptides Trp-Trp, Trp-Phe, Trp-Tyr, Tyr-Phe are showing the best affinity against PfENR. Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis was used to reveal the electronic structure and reactivity of the top dipeptides by calculating the HOMO-LUMO gap. Additionally, we assessed the pharmacokinetic and other relevant properties of the lead dipeptides. All the lead dipeptides followed Lipinski's rule of five (Ro5). Our findings suggest that the identified dipeptides have significant potential as inhibitors of PfENR and could lead to the development of a novel class of antimalarial drugs. This research provides valuable insights into developing effective drugs to combat malaria

Multidisciplinary approach in the management of ectodermal dysplasia: A case report

Ectodermal dysplasias are rare hereditary disorders characterized by abnormal development of certain tissues and structures of ectodermal origin. The condition is of importance to dentists as it affects the teeth resulting in hypodontia or anodontia, and a dentist plays an important role in the rehabilitation of the patient. Apart from having difficulties in eating and speaking, young affected individuals can also feel that they look different from their contemporaries resulting in low self-esteem. Well-fitting and functioning prosthesis could be a great help during their schooling years, as it will improve appearance and thus boost their self-confidence. We report a case of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in a 12-year-old girl who exhibited partial anodontia, and a multidisciplinary approach comprising restorative, orthodontic, surgical, and prosthetic treatment was planned to rehabilitate the girl.The aim of the treatment was to improve psychological development apart from promoting better functioning of the stomatognathic system

Identifying novel small molecule antagonists for mLST8 protein using computational approaches

<p>Mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8 (mLST8), is an indispensable protein subunit of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway that interacts with the kinase domain of mTOR protein, thereby stabilizing its active site. Experimental studies reported the over expression of mLST8 in human colon and prostate cancers by activation of both mTORC1/2 complexes and subsequent downstream substrates leading to tumor progression. Considering its role, targeting mLST8 protein would be a therapeutic approach against tumor progression in colon and prostate cancers. Hence, using <i>in silico</i> structure based drug design approach, the comparative binding patterns of 1,1′-binapthyl-2,2′diol (BINOL), 1-(2-carboxynaphth-1yl)-2-naphthoic acid (SCF-12) and their analogs in the cavity of mLST8 were explored. ADME and binding energy calculations led to the identification of five compounds with favorable Glide (G) scores and implicated the importance of Asn132 and Gln225 as key binding residues. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy landscape (FEL) approaches helped in elucidating the binding mechanism and suggested the possibility of ligands 1–3 namely, ZINC01765622, ZINC62723702 and ZINC02576980 to be promising antagonists for mLST8. Thus, this study substantiates the prospect of targeting mLST8 protein using potent hits which could hinder tumor progression in colon and prostate cancers.</p