Les organisations rurales au cœur de la transformation des campagnes africaines ?

Le rôle des "organisations rurales" (OR) est au cœur des interrogations sur les transformations des campagnes africaines. Au‑delà des propos pessimistes portés sur les évolutions de l'agriculture africaine, il est incontestable que de multiples changements sont en cours sur le terrain, et en premier lieu que les OR se multiplient et se diversifient. Il est proposé d'essayer de s'y retrouver dans ce foisonnement, à partir de ce qui peut être appréhendé en Afrique francophone au Sud du Sahara ..

Les organisations rurales au cœur de la transformation des campagnes africaines ?

Le rôle des "organisations rurales" (OR) est au cœur des interrogations sur les transformations des campagnes africaines. Au‑delà des propos pessimistes portés sur les évolutions de l'agriculture africaine, il est incontestable que de multiples changements sont en cours sur le terrain, et en premier lieu que les OR se multiplient et se diversifient. Il est proposé d'essayer de s'y retrouver dans ce foisonnement, à partir de ce qui peut être appréhendé en Afrique francophone au Sud du Sahara ..

Cambios en la posición del cóndilo con uso de elásticos intermaxilares

Propósito: En la actualidad el ortodoncista ha evolucionado en muchas áreas de su profesión, una de ellas es el uso de diversas técnicas, nuevos aparatos y aditamentos para corregir los diferentes problemas de sus pacientes; al usar estos nuevos aditamentos el ortodoncista debe ser consciente de que efectos causa cada uno, he aquí la importancia de nuestro estudio, pues hasta ahora no existe ninguna investigación que muestre que tanto movimiento condilar cause el uso de elásticos intermaxilares y que otras afecciones provoquen a la articulación temporomandibular. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 12 pacientes de 18-56años, que fueron sometidos al tratamiento de ortodoncia y que utilizaron elásticos intermaxilares por tres meses o más. Se tomó un Cone Beam de la ATM al inicio del uso de dichos elásticos y otro a los tres meses después de haberlos utilizado sin interrupción. Resultados: No existió diferencia significativa estadísticamente, solo en la comparativa del cóndilo izquierdo en el punto superior. Conclusiones: El cóndilo si tiene ligero movimiento no solo en sentido horizontal, sino puede ser de rotación

Accidental Removal of a Carotid Endovascular Stent during Oropharyngeal Mass Biopsy

A 54-year-old male patient, with a history of a right mandibular adenocarcinoma, previously excised, and treated with post operative chemo- and radio-therapy, presented with a right oropharyngeal necrotic mass of several months duration. His history is pertinent for a right internal carotid endovascular stenting 2 years prior to presentation. During biopsy of his oropharyngeal lesion, a specimen of tissue was retrieved, with the carotid stent within. There was no bleeding. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such case reported in the literature. We present this case as a reminder on the importance and risks of radiation-induced necrosis and its distortion of the surrounding anatomy, especially in the presence of foreign bodies or protheses

Non-Functional Parathyroid Adenoma Presenting as a Massive Cervical Hematoma: A Case Report

Parathyroid adenoma usually manifests with symptoms related to hypercalcemia, such as urinary stone and bone fracture. It may also present with asymptomatic hypercalcemia. However, spontaneous cervical hematoma may occur very rarely as a result of extracapsular hemorrhage of a cervical parathyroid adenoma causing acute painful cervical swelling, bruising, dyspnea, hoarseness and dysphagia. We report a 44-year-old woman who manifested as a spontaneous cervical hematoma without any clinical evidence of hyperparathyroidism

Effects of Sewage Discharge on Trophic State and Water Quality in a Coastal Ecosystem of the Gulf of California

This paper provides evidence of the effects of urban wastewater discharges on the trophic state and environmental quality of a coastal water body in a semiarid subtropical region in the Gulf of California. The concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients and organic matter from urban wastewater primary treatment were estimated. La Salada Cove was the receiving water body and parameters measured during an annual cycle were temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, orthophosphate, and chlorophyll a. The effects of sewage inputs were determined by using Trophic State Index (TRIX) and the Arid Zone Coastal Water Quality Index (AZCI). It was observed that urban wastewater of the city of Guaymas provided 1,237 ton N yr−1 and 811 ton P yr−1 and TRIX indicated that the receiving water body showed symptoms of eutrophication from an oligotrophic state to a mesotrophic state; AZCI also indicated that the environmental quality of the water body was poor. The effects of urban wastewater supply with insufficient treatment resulted in symptoms of eutrophication and loss of ecological functions and services of the coastal ecosystem in La Salada Cove

Amélioration de la détermination des propriétés de résistance de l'interface béton-rocher et des discontinuités des fondations rocheuses des barrages poids

CIGB 2018, 26è Congrès des Grands Barrages, Vienne, AUTRICHE, 01-/07/2018 - 07/07/2018La détermination des caractéristiques mécaniques régissant la stabilité d'un barrage existant peut s'avérer complexe notamment en ce qui concerne les discontinuités présentes en fondation et à l'interface barrage-fondation. Ces caractéristiques sont la résistance à la traction, la cohésion et l'angle de frottement. Fort de ce constat, IRSTEA et EDF ont lancé des travaux de recherche ces dernières années de manière d'une part à créer des données utiles à la compréhension des mécanismes de rupture et d'autre part à proposer des méthodologies d'estimation des caractéristiques mécaniques utilisables directement par l'ingénierie. Le présent article donne les principaux résultats des essais de traction et de cisaillement sur des interfaces béton-rocher. Ces résultats pourraient faire l'objet d'échange et de partage avec les ingénieries intéressées par le sujet. L'article présente également des méthodologies de détermination des caractéristiques de discontinuités rocheuses en cisaillement ainsi que des caractéristiques de résistance à la traction de l'interface béton-rocher. Des perspectives sont proposées quant à de futures actions de recherche prometteuses telles que la caractérisation de la cohésion apparente des discontinuités rocheuses et l'estimation de la géométrie du contact barrage-fondation par des méthodes non-destructives

Elevated visual dependency in young adults after chemotherapy in childhood

Chemotherapy in childhood can result in long-term neurophysiological side-effects, which could extend to visual processing, specifically the degree to which a person relies on vision to determine vertical and horizontal (visual dependency). We investigated whether adults treated with chemotherapy in childhood experience elevated visual dependency compared to controls and whether any difference is associated with the age at which subjects were treated. Visual dependency was measured in 23 subjects (mean age 25.3 years) treated in childhood with chemotherapy (CTS) for malignant, solid, non-CNS tumors. We also stratified CTS into two groups: those treated before 12 years of age and those treated from 12 years of age and older. Results were compared to 25 healthy, age-matched controls. The subjective visual horizontal (SVH) and vertical (SVV) orientations was recorded by having subjects position an illuminated rod to their perceived horizontal and vertical with and without a surrounding frame tilted clockwise and counter-clockwise 20° from vertical. There was no significant difference in rod accuracy between any CTS groups and controls without a frame. However, when assessing visual dependency using a frame, CTS in general (p = 0.006) and especially CTS treated before 12 years of age (p = 0.001) tilted the rod significantly further in the direction of the frame compared to controls. Our findings suggest that chemotherapy treatment before 12 years of age is associated with elevated visual dependency compared to controls, implying a visual bias during spatial activities. Clinicians should be aware of symptoms such as visual vertigo in adults treated with chemotherapy in childhood

Consensus Statement on Bone Conduction Devices and Active Middle Ear Implants in Conductive and Mixed Hearing Loss

Nowadays, several options are available to treat patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss. Whenever surgical intervention is not possible or contra-indicated, and amplification by a conventional hearing device (e.g., behind-the-ear device) is not feasible, then implantable hearing devices are an indispensable next option. Implantable bone-conduction devices and middle-ear implants have advantages but also limitations concerning complexity/invasiveness of the surgery, medical complications, and effectiveness. To counsel the patient, the clinician should have a good overview of the options with regard to safety and reliability as well as unequivocal technical performance data. The present consensus document is the outcome of an extensive iterative process including ENT specialists, audiologists, health-policy scientists, and representatives/technicians of the main companies in this field. This document should provide a first framework for procedures and technical characterization to enhance effective communication between these stakeholders, improving health care