5,370 research outputs found
A comparison of the radial distribution of molecular gas and non-thermal radio continuum in spiral disks
The present study includes 65 spiral galaxies selected from the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory (FCRAO) Extragalactic CO Survey for which the major axis distributions of CO emission and 1.49 GHz radio continuum emission are well determined. The radial distribution of the CO emission has been measured with the FCRAO at positions along the major axis that are spaced by one half power beam width (HPBW) (45 seconds). The radial profile of the 1.49 GHz radio continuum emission was constructed by determining the radio emission at the location of the CO measurements from the 1.49 GHz maps of Condon (1987). Large, greater than a factor of ten, radially decreasing gradients in the star formation efficiency are observed for a small percentage, approx. 10 percent, of the spirals in this sample. The majority of spirals, however, are associated with small gradients in the star formation efficiency that do not systematically increase or decrease with radius. That the star formation efficiency does not systematically decrease with radius tends to argue against a global dynamical mechanism, such as a spiral density wave, for being the dominant mechanism triggering disk star formation for the majority of spirals in this sample. The results tend to support the view that the star formation in spiral disks is dominated by a local process that depends more on the molecular cloud properties than the dynamical structure of a galaxy
The More the Merrier? The Effect of Family Size and Birth Order on Childrens Education
There is an extensive theoretical literature that postulates a trade off between child quantity and quality within a family. However, there is little causal evidence that speaks to this theory. Using a rich dataset on the entire population of Norway over an extended period of time, we examine the effects of family size and birth order on the educational attainment of children. While we find a negative correlation between family size and children's education, when we include indicators for birth order and/or use twin births as an instrument, family size effects become negligible. In addition, birth order has a significant and large negative effect on children's education. We also study adult earnings, employment, and teenage childbearing, and find strong evidence for birth order effects with these outcomes, particularly among women. These findings suggest the need to revisit economic models of fertility and child 'production', focusing not only on differences across families but differences within families as well.
1861-06-10 S.R. Devereux writes to Governor Washburn about discharge for Senator Bridges\u27 son
https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_2nd_regiment_corr/1048/thumbnail.jp
Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 6q25.3-qter and monosomy 10q26.12-qter by array CGH in a fetus with an apparently normal karyotype.
We present the prenatal case of a 12.5-Mb duplication involving 6q25-qter and a 12.2-Mb deletion encompassing 10q26-qter diagnosed by aCGH, while conventional karyotype showed normal results. The genotype-phenotype correlation between individual microarray and clinical findings adds to the emerging atlas of chromosomal abnormalities associated with specific prenatal ultrasound abnormalities
Corporate tax harmonization in the EU
This paper explores the economic consequences of proposed EU reforms for a common consolidated corporate tax base. The reforms replace separate accounting with formula apportionment as a way to allocate corporate tax bases across countries. To assess the economic implications, we use a numerical CGE model for Europe. It encompasses several decision margins of firms,such as marginal investment, FDI decisions, and multinational profit shifting. The simulations suggest that consolidation does not yield substantial welfare gains for Europe. The variation of effects across countries is large and depends on the choice of the apportionment formula. Consolidation with formula apportionment does not weaken incentives for tax competition. Tax competition instead offers a rationale for rate harmonisation, in addition to base harmonisation.
The Future of Social Protection â Where Next?
Social protection is one of the success stories of development policy in the early
twenty-first century, leading to questions about its future direction. Evidence
suggests that social protection is likely to experience further expansion in the
future, becoming a response to income inequality and social inequities as well
as to poverty and vulnerability. It will become increasingly systems-based, with
national governance receiving more attention, and it will continue to be shaped
by economic shocks and political crises. Ultimately, however, the direction of
social protection will vary across countries and evolve over time, as capacities to
deliver fluctuate and as governments and political ideologies change. In light of
these developments, the Centre for Social Protection has identified several
important recommendations for policymakers.UK Department for International Developmen
Famine: Lessons Learned
Famine: Lessons Learned was produced as the world was responding to four potential famines simultaneously â in Nigeria, South Sudan, Yemen and Somalia. Much has been written and researched on famine, and many lessons on how to best prevent and respond to famine have been learned the hard way. This paper therefore draws on lessons learned from the last 30-plus years of famine crises and response, going back to famines in Ethiopia and Sudan in the 1980s, up to the most recent famine in Somalia in 2011
Environmental path-entropy and collective motion
Inspired by the swarming or flocking of animal systems we study groups of
agents moving in unbounded 2D space. Individual trajectories derive from a
``bottom-up'' principle: individuals reorient to maximise their future path
entropy over environmental states. This can be seen as a proxy for keeping
options open, a principle that may confer evolutionary fitness in an uncertain
world. We find an ordered (co-aligned) state naturally emerges, as well as
disordered states or rotating clusters; similar phenotypes are observed in
birds, insects and fish, respectively. The ordered state exhibits an
order-disorder transition under two forms of noise: (i) standard additive
orientational noise, applied to the post-decision orientations (ii)
``cognitive'' noise, overlaid onto each individual's model of the future paths
of other agents. Unusually, the order increases at low noise, before later
decreasing through the order-disorder transition as the noise increases
further.Comment: Accepted Phys. Rev. Lett. 28 March 202
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