An N4-Tetradentate Hydrazone Ligand That Binds in a Neutral, Mono- and Bisdeprotonated Form to Iron(II) and Zinc(II) Metal Ions

The coordination chemistry of butane-2,3-dione bis (2′-pyridylhydrazone) towards the divalent first-row transition metals zinc and iron has been explored. Depending upon the conditions, the ligand in the six complexes was found to be either neutral, mono, or doubly deprotonated. The zinc(II) and iron(II) complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction methods

An N4-Tetradentate Hydrazone Ligand That Binds in a Neutral, Mono- and Bisdeprotonated Form to Iron(II) and Zinc(II) Metal Ions

The coordination chemistry of butane-2,3-dione bis (2′-pyridylhydrazone) towards the divalent first-row transition metals zinc and iron has been explored. Depending upon the conditions, the ligand in the six complexes was found to be either neutral, mono, or doubly deprotonated. The zinc(II) and iron(II) complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction methods

Mono- and dinuclear metal complexes containing the 1,5,9-triazacyclododecane ([12]aneN3) unit and their interaction with DNA

The ability of mononucleating and dinucleating macrocylic polyamines and their novel nickel, copper and zinc complexes to induce the left-handed form of poly d(GC) was evaluated. The influence of the nuclearity, the presence or absence of metals ions, the linker length in the case of dinucleating ligands and the metal ion was determined. Almost all dinuclear metal complexes efficiently induced Z-DNA, the zinc ones being the least and the copper ones the most efficient ones. Additionally, the X-ray structures of three dinuclear metal complexes and one partially protonated ligand could be determined

Lipid nanoemulsions and liposomes improve photodynamic treatment efficacy and tolerance in CAL-33 tumor bearing nude mice

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments works by irradiation of a photosensitizer (PS) with light, which creates reactive oxygen species and singlet oxygen (1O2), that damage the tumor. However, a routine use is hindered by the PS’s poor water solubility and extended cutaneous photosensitivity of patients after treatment. In our study we sought to overcome these limitations by encapsulation of the PS m-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC) into a biocompatible nanoemulsion (Lipidots). Results In CAL-33 tumor bearing nude mice we compared the Lipidots to the existing liposomal mTHPC nanoformulation Foslip and the approved mTHPC formulation Foscan. We established biodistribution profiles via fluorescence measurements in vivo and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. All formulations accumulated in the tumors and we could determine the optimum treatment time point for each substance (8 h for mTHPC, 24 h for Foslip and 72 h for the Lipidots). We used two different light doses (10 and 20 J/cm2) and evaluated immediate PDT effects 48 h after treatment and long term effects 14 days later. We also analyzed tumors by histological analysis and performing reverse transcription real-time PCR with RNA extracts. Concerning tumor destruction Foslip was superior to Lipidots and Foscan while with regard to tolerance and side effects Lipidots were giving the best results. Conclusions We could demonstrate in our study that nanoformulations are superior to the free PS mTHPC. The development of a potent nanoformulation is of major importance because the free PS is related to several issues such as poor bioavailability, solubility and increased photosensibility of patients. We could show in this study that Foslip is very potent in destroying the tumors itself. However, because the Lipidots' biocompatibility is outstanding and superior to the liposomes we plan to carry out further investigations and protocol optimization. Both nanoformulations show great potential to revolutionize PDT in the future

MOESM1 of Lipid nanoemulsions and liposomes improve photodynamic treatment efficacy and tolerance in CAL-33 tumor bearing nude mice

Additional file 1: Fig.S1. CAL-33 tumor model in CD1-Foxn1 nu nude mice. Tumor growth after injection with 1 x 106 CAL-33 cells (A), 1.5 x 106 CAL-33 cells (B) and 2 x 106 CAL-33 cells. Table S1. Physicochemical characterization data of Lipidots

Phytochemical Screening, GCMS and FTIR Profile of Bioactive Compounds in Solanum lycopersicum Wild Fruits collected from Palani Hill Ranges of the Western Ghats

Tomatoes are consumed worldwide as fresh vegetables because of their high contents of essential nutrients and antioxidant-rich phytochemicals. Tomatoes contain minerals, vitamins, proteins, essential amino acids (Leucine, Threonine, Valine, Histidine, Lysine, Arginine), monounsaturated fatty acids (Linoleic and Linolenic Acids), Carotenoids (Lycopene and β-Carotenoids) and Phytosterols (β-Sitosterol, Campesterol and Stigmasterol). GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 3-methylheptane, Ethylcyclohexane, 2-Methyl-4,6-octadiyn-3-one, 5,6-Dimethylundecane, (3E)3-Hexen-2-one, 2,2-Dimethylbutane, 1,2-Diphenyl-1-butanone, Isopropylbenzene (2-phenylpropane), 3,5-Dimethyloctane, 2-Phenyl-3-buten-1-ol, 2,4,4-Trimethylhexane, Benzoylcarboxaldehyde (Phenylglyoxal), Cis-3-Methyl-Endo-Tricyclo [5.2.1.0(2.6)] Decane, 2,4-Dimethylhexan-3-One, Benzene acetic acid,2-phenylethyl ester, Cyclopentacycloheptene, 2,3-Heptanedione, 1,6-Methano[10] annulene, 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid, methyl ester, N,N-Dimethylmethanesulfonamide, Methyl tridecanoate, Cis 9-Octadecanoic acid, Methyl 15-methylheptadecanoate, 9-Octadecenoic acid, Methyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate, (Z)-octadec-9-enamide, Methyl 2-ethyl-2-methylicosanoate, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a-tetradecahydrobenzo [10] annulene Caffeic acid, Catechin, Chlorogenic acid, Chrysin, Cinnamic acid, Epicatechin, Ferulic acid, Kaempferol, Luteolin, Lycopene, Naringenin, P-coumaric acid, Phloretic acid, Quercetin, Resveratrol, Rutin, Sinapic acid, Vanillic acid. Lycopene, the main dietary carotenoid in tomato and tomato-based food products and lycopene consumption by humans has been reported to protect against Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cognitive function and Osteoporosis. Among phenolic compounds present in tomato, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Naringenin, Caffeic Acid and Lutein are the most common. These compounds have significant antioxidant properties and are effective in protecting human body against oxidative stress-related diseases. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum; Phytochemical Screening; GCMS; FTI