Accuracy Matters for the Benefits of Sleep After Retrieval Practice

Previous research suggests that while sleep and retrieval practice can each improve memory on their own, their benefits cannot be combined to produce an additive effect unless feedback is given during the initial test. These previous findings would seem to support a retrieval-as-consolidation of the testing effect, which states that the benefits of retrieval are the result of memory consolidation, a process that normally occurs during the sleep cycle. The present study sought to determine whether the retrieval-as-consolidation account held true when initial test accuracy was considered as a factor. Using foreign language word pairs, we examined the combined effects of sleep, corrective feedback, and initial test accuracy on memory retention after a 12-hour delay. Results suggest that corrective feedback is not necessary to produce a benefit of sleep after a successful retrieval. Feedback only mattered when there was a failure to retrieve during the initial test. These findings suggest that the benefits of retrieval are likely not the result of a memory consolidation process

Collective remembering and future forecasting during the COVID-19 pandemic: How the impact of COVID-19 affected the themes and phenomenology of global and national memories across 15 countries

The COVID-19 pandemic created a unique set of circumstances in which to investigate collective memory and future simulations of events reported during the onset of a potentially historic event. Between early April and late June 2020, we asked over 4,000 individuals from 15 countries across four continents to report on remarkable (a) national and (b) global events that (i) had happened since the first cases of COVID-19 were reported, and (ii) they expected to happen in the future. Whereas themes of infections, lockdown, and politics dominated global and national past events in most countries, themes of economy, a second wave, and lockdown dominated future events. The themes and phenomenological characteristics of the events differed based on contextual group factors. First, across all conditions, the event themes differed to a small yet significant degree depending on the severity of the pandemic and stringency of governmental response at the national level. Second, participants reported national events as less negative and more vivid than global events, and group differences in emotional valence were largest for future events. This research demonstrates that even during the early stages of the pandemic, themes relating to its onset and course were shared across many countries, thus providing preliminary evidence for the emergence of collective memories of this event as it was occurring. Current findings provide a profile of past and future collective events from the early stages of the ongoing pandemic, and factors accounting for the consistencies and differences in event representations across 15 countries are discussed

Modeling Preform Manufacture and Mold Filling for Resin Transfer Molding

269 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1997.These mathematical models for preform manufacture and mold filling should help engineers to design parts and tooling, optimize operating conditions, and shorten the time required to produce low-cost, high-quality net-shape RTM parts.Ope

Modeling Preform Manufacture and Mold Filling for Resin Transfer Molding

269 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1997.These mathematical models for preform manufacture and mold filling should help engineers to design parts and tooling, optimize operating conditions, and shorten the time required to produce low-cost, high-quality net-shape RTM parts.Ope

Ideal Forming Analysis for Random Fiber Preforms

In resin transfer molding, the manufacture of the fiber preform controls many aspects of part quality