Looking back while moving forward:How past responses to climate change can inform future adaptation and mitigation strategies in the Arctic

Modern Arctic Indigenous peoples face many interconnected pressures, not the least of which is anthropogenic climate change, which is emerging as one of the most dramatic drivers of social and economic change in recent memory. In this paper, we investigate whether or not insights into premodern strategies for coping with climate change—and especially the “deeper histories” of traditional ways-of-knowing—can play a useful role in future planning, management and mitigation efforts. We do this in two ways. First, we assess this special issue's 17 archaeological case studies, in order to determine whether they are conducted within a framework that is consistent with approaches to resilience in studies of modern Arctic communities. Second, we focus on three climate-driven challenges faced by Canadian Arctic Inuit: safe travel, food security and food safety. For each, we identify specific ways in which studies of past social-ecological systems intersect with modern climate adaptation. We conclude that since archaeological insights highlight the operation of decision-making processes within long-term culture-adaptive trajectories, they can offer unique insights into the much shorter-term processes currently underway. While we highlight many potential directions for productive collaboration, much more work is required in local and regional settings to demonstrate the full potential of archaeology for future-oriented planning and mitigation efforts

Exploring X-ray Binary Populations in Compact Group Galaxies with ChandraChandra

We obtain total galaxy X-ray luminosities, $L_X$, originating from individually detected point sources in a sample of 47 galaxies in 15 compact groups of galaxies (CGs). For the great majority of our galaxies, we find that the detected point sources most likely are local to their associated galaxy, and are thus extragalactic X-ray binaries (XRBs) or nuclear active galactic nuclei (AGNs). For spiral and irregular galaxies, we find that, after accounting for AGNs and nuclear sources, most CG galaxies are either within the $\pm1\sigma$ scatter of the Mineo et al. (2012) $L_X$ - star formation rate (SFR) correlation or have higher $L_X$ than predicted by this correlation for their SFR. We discuss how these "excesses" may be due to low metallicities and high interaction levels. For elliptical and S0 galaxies, after accounting for AGNs and nuclear sources, most CG galaxies are consistent with the Boroson et al. (2011) $L_X$ - stellar mass correlation for low-mass XRBs, with larger scatter, likely due to residual effects such as AGN activity or hot gas. Assuming non-nuclear sources are low- or high-mass XRBs, we use appropriate XRB luminosity functions to estimate the probability that stochastic effects can lead to such extreme $L_X$ values. We find that, although stochastic effects do not in general appear to be important, for some galaxies there is a significant probability that high $L_X$ values can be observed due to strong XRB variability.Comment: Accepted by Ap

Научные подходы к диагностике социо-эколого-экономической устойчивости приморских регионов

На основе научных подходов предложена методика, позволяющая опреде-лить уровень социо-эколого-экономической устойчивости приморских ре-гионов. На основе использования системы показателей, характеризующих уровень социо-эколого-экономической устойчивости региона, сформули-рованы и предложены основные направления реализации методики опре-деления интегрального показателя уровня устойчивости приморской территории в социальном, экономическом и экологическом развитии.Based on the scientific approaches proposed technique allows to deter-mine the level of social, ecological and economic sustainability of coastal re-gions. On the basis of a system of indicators characterizing the level of social, ecological and economic sustainability of the region, formulate and propose guidelines implementation methodology for determining the integral indicator of the sustainability of the coastal territory in the social, economic and envi-ronmental development

Петрологічні дослідження в Україні: досягнення останніх десятиліть та нагальні проблеми

Викладено основні досягнення за останні 30–35 років українських геологів, в першу чергу — наукових працівників ІГМР ім. М. П. Семененка НАН України в області петрології. Висвітлені такі проблеми: 1 — метаморфізм, співвідношення грануліто-гнейсових і граніт-зеленокам’яних терейнів; 2 — чарнокіти; 3 — гранітоутворення та гранітоїдні формації; 4 — анортозит-рапаківігранітна формація; 5 — лужні породи; 6 — коматиїти; 7 — санукітоїди; 8 — метасоматоз; 9 — породоутворювальні та акцесорні мінерали; 10 — формаційний аналіз, петрологія та стратиграфія докембрію; 11 — фанерозойський магматизм; 12 — магматизм морського та океанічного дна; 13 — деякі нагальні проблеми.Изложены основные достижения за последние 30–35 лет украинских геологов, в первую очередь — научных сотрудников ИГМР им. Н. П. Семененко НАН Украины в области петрологии. Освещены такие проблемы: 1 — метаморфизм, соотношение гранулито-гнейсовых и гранит-зеленокаменных террейнов; 2 — чарнокиты; 3 — гранитообразование и гранитоидные формации; 4 — анортозит-рапакивигранитная формация; 5 — щелочные породы; 6 — коматииты; 7 — санукитоиды; 8 — метасоматоз; 9 — породообразующие и акцессорные минералы; 10 — формационный анализ, петрология и стратиграфия докембрия; 11 — фанерозойский магматизм; 12 — магматизм морского и океанического дна; 13 — некоторые насущные проблемы.Main achievements of Ukrainian geologists for the recent 30–35 years have been stated. In the first place the scientific results of petrologists of M. P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of NAS of Ukraine. The following problems have been elucidated: 1 — metamorphism; interrelation of granulite-gneissic and granite-greenstone terrains; 2 — charnokites; 3 — granite formation and granitoid formations; 4 — anorthosite-rapakivi-granite formation; 5 — alkaline rocks; 6 — komatiites; 7 — sanukitoids; 8 — metasomatosis; 9 — rock-forming and accessory minerals; 10 — formation analysis, petrology and Precambrian stratigraphy; 11 — Phanerozoic magmatism; 12 — magmatism of the sea and ocean bottom; 13 — some current problems

Atomic and Nuclear Effects in the Slow-Neutron Total Cross Section of Terbium

The total cross section of terbium has been measured for neutron energies En from 0.003 to 1.78 eV. For neutron energies above the Be cutoff a new method employing two crystal monochromators in series was used. For En ≲ 0.005 eV a single-crystal monochromator in conjunction with a Be filter was employed. Using earlier measurements of the radiative-capture cross section, the experimental results have been analyzed to include the contributions due to paramagnetic scattering, coherent scattering, and phonon effects. The analysis shows that the experiment and the calculations are consistent everywhere except 0.015 ≲ En ≲ 0.10 eV. In this energy range inelastic coherent scattering is not accurately accounted for with the use of Placzek\u27s incoherent approximations. In addition crystalline-field effects give rise to further complications. The comparison between the experiment and the calculations for 0.015 ≲ En ≲ 0.10 eV suggests that studies of coherent inelastic scattering and crystalline-field effects in terbium metal are needed. The experimental results for En ≳ 0.12 eV yield the potential scattering cross section as 7.5 ± 0.5 b. This corresponds to a spin-independent nuclear radius of 7.73 ± 0.27 fm and to a radius parameter of 1.43 ± 0.05 fm. The results suggest that the incoherent scattering cross section, if present, is very small (≲ 1.0 b)

A Chandra−SwiftChandra-Swift View of Point Sources in Hickson Compact Groups: High AGN fraction but a dearth of strong AGNs

We present $Chandra$ X-ray point source catalogs for 9 Hickson Compact Groups (HCGs, 37 galaxies) at distances $34 - 89$ Mpc. We perform detailed X-ray point source detection and photometry, and interpret the point source population by means of simulated hardness ratios. We thus estimate X-ray luminosities ($L_X$) for all sources, most of which are too weak for reliable spectral fitting. For all sources, we provide catalogs with counts, count rates, power-law indices ($\Gamma$), hardness ratios, and $L_X$, in the full ($0.5-8.0$ keV), soft ($0.5-2.0$ keV) and hard ($2.0-8.0$ keV) bands. We use optical emission-line ratios from the literature to re-classify 24 galaxies as star-forming, accreting onto a supermassive black hole (AGNs), transition objects, or low-ionization nuclear emission regions (LINERs). Two-thirds of our galaxies have nuclear X-ray sources with $Swift$/UVOT counterparts. Two nuclei have $L_{X,{\rm 0.5-8.0 keV}}$~$> 10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$, are strong multi-wavelength AGNs and follow the known $\alpha_{\rm OX}-\nu L_{\nu,\rm near UV}$ correlation for strong AGNs. Otherwise, most nuclei are X-ray faint, consistent with either a low-luminosity AGN or a nuclear X-ray binary population, and fall in the "non-AGN locus" in $\alpha_{\rm OX}-\nu L_{\nu,\rm near UV}$ space, which also hosts other, normal, galaxies. Our results suggest that HCG X-ray nuclei in high specific star formation rate spiral galaxies are likely dominated by star formation, while those with low specific star formation rates in earlier types likely harbor a weak AGN. The AGN fraction in HCG galaxies with $M_R \le -20$ and $L_{X,{\rm 0.5-8.0 keV}} \ge 10^{41}$ erg s$^{-1}$ is $0.08^{+0.35}_{-0.01}$, somewhat higher than the $\sim 5$ fraction in galaxy clusters.Comment: 77 pages (emulateapj), 28 tables, 11 figures. Accepted by ApJS on March 5, 201

A Kato type Theorem for the inviscid limit of the Navier-Stokes equations with a moving rigid body

The issue of the inviscid limit for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations when a no-slip condition is prescribed on the boundary is a famous open problem. A result by Tosio Kato says that convergence to the Euler equations holds true in the energy space if and only if the energy dissipation rate of the viscous flow in a boundary layer of width proportional to the viscosity vanishes. Of course, if one considers the motion of a solid body in an incompressible fluid, with a no-slip condition at the interface, the issue of the inviscid limit is as least as difficult. However it is not clear if the additional difficulties linked to the body's dynamic make this issue more difficult or not. In this paper we consider the motion of a rigid body in an incompressible fluid occupying the complementary set in the space and we prove that a Kato type condition implies the convergence of the fluid velocity and of the body velocity as well, what seems to indicate that an answer in the case of a fixed boundary could also bring an answer to the case where there is a moving body in the fluid