116 research outputs found
Introduction des micro-ordinateurs dans lâĂ©laboration des donnĂ©es au programme de recherche en dĂ©mographie historique
Le Programme de recherche en dĂ©mographie historique (P.R.D.H.) du DĂ©partement de dĂ©mographie de lâUniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al sâest donnĂ© pour tĂąche de reconstituer, Ă partir des registres paroissiaux, la population du QuĂ©bec, de ses origines Ă 1850. Contraint dâutiliser les ordinateurs puisquâune telle entreprise implique la manipulation de masses considĂ©rables dâinformations, le P.R.D.H. a dĂ» mettre au point un processus dâĂ©laboration des donnĂ©es qui soit adaptĂ© Ă lâinformatique. Ce processus comprend une sĂ©rie dâopĂ©rations distinctes : le dĂ©pouillement, le contrĂŽle de lâintĂ©gralitĂ© du dĂ©pouillement, le codage, la mise en ordre chronologique, la perforation, la dĂ©tection des erreurs et leur correction. Quoique livrant des donnĂ©es dâune excellente qualitĂ©, ce processus sâest montrĂ© trop lent et onĂ©reux pour ĂȘtre utilisĂ© sur de trĂšs grandes quantitĂ©s de donnĂ©es. Heureusement lâavĂšnement des micro-ordinateurs a permis au P.R.D.H. dâamĂ©liorer le processus en Ă©liminant certaines Ă©tapes et en facilitant les autres. Cette expĂ©rience est dâun grand intĂ©rĂȘt puisquâelle constitue la premiĂšre utilisation sur une grande Ă©chelle de micro-ordinateurs dans un processus dâĂ©laboration des donnĂ©es tirĂ©es de documents trĂšs anciens
Hérédité et longévité au Québec ancien
Par lâentremise du Registre de la population du QuĂ©bec ancien (RPQA), banque de donnĂ©es Ă©laborĂ©e dans le cadre du Programme de recherche en dĂ©mographie historique, nous avons observĂ© lâexistence dâune composante familiale de la longĂ©vitĂ©. En effet, lâĂąge au dĂ©cĂšs des parents semble influencer lâĂąge au dĂ©cĂšs de leurs fils et filles, particuliĂšrement pour les parents dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s aprĂšs 70 ans. Nous avons aussi observĂ© une convergence significative de lâĂąge au dĂ©cĂšs dans les fratries. Cependant, il existe Ă©galement une relation entre les Ăąges au dĂ©cĂšs des conjoints, ce qui laisse supposer que la composante familiale est due Ă la part environnementale de lâhĂ©ritabilitĂ© plutĂŽt quâĂ la part gĂ©nĂ©tique.For a long time, people have had a belief in a form of heritability in regard to longevity. According to this belief, reaching very great ages would be specific to some families. By using the Registre de la population du QuĂ©bec ancien (RPQA), a database put together by the Programme de recherche en dĂ©mographie historique (PRDH), we have established the existence of a familial component of human longevity. Indeed, our results suggest that the parentsâ ages at death could have had a significant influence on their childrenâs ages at death, particularly for parents who died at age 70 or over. Moreover, our analysis revealed a significant association between brothersâ and sistersâ ages at death. However, there is also a clear relationship between spousesâ ages at death, which implies that the familial component of longevity could be more strongly related to the environmental component of heritability than to its genetic component
Origines et contributions génétiques des fondatrices et des fondateurs de la population québécoise
Cette Ă©tude prĂ©sente une analyse des origines gĂ©ographiques et de la contribution gĂ©nĂ©tique des ancĂȘtres fondateurs de la population du QuĂ©bec. Ă lâaide de donnĂ©es tirĂ©es du ficher BALSAC et du Registre de la population du QuĂ©bec ancien, un corpus de 2223 gĂ©nĂ©alogies ascendantes couvrant lâensemble du territoire quĂ©bĂ©cois a Ă©tĂ© construit. Ces gĂ©nĂ©alogies remontent jusquâau 17e siĂšcle et couvrent en moyenne plus de neuf gĂ©nĂ©rations. Tous les liens gĂ©nĂ©alogiques unissant lâensemble des individus identifiĂ©s dans les ascendances ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablis. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent quâenviron 81 pour cent du pool gĂ©nique quĂ©bĂ©cois sâexplique par des fondatrices et fondateurs venus de France au 17e siĂšcle. Des diffĂ©rences importantes existent toutefois selon le lieu dâorigine en France et selon le sexe des fondateurs. Les rĂ©sultats ont aussi mis en Ă©vidence la prĂ©sence de nombreux liens dâapparentement Ă©loignĂ© dans cette population.This study analyzes the geographic origins and genetic contributions of the founding ancestors of the QuĂ©bec population. The authors used data from the BALSAC population register and the Early Quebec population register to build a corpus of 2,223 ascending genealogies covering the entire territory of QuĂ©bec. These genealogies go back to the 17th century and on average include more than 9 generations. Genealogical links between all individuals identified in the genealogies were established. Results show that approximately 81% of QuĂ©becâs gene pool derives from the founders who came from France in the 17th century. There are however important differences in foundersâ genetic contribution according to gender and place of origin in France. Genealogical analyses also reveal the existence of many distant kinship ties within this population
Post-reproductive Longevity in a Natural Fertility Population
Fertility patterns may be useful markers for rates of biological aging. Based on evolutionary and socio-demographic approaches to historical data from the population of QuĂ©bec (taken from the Registre de population du QuĂ©bec ancien at the University of Montreal), we examine the effects of reproduction on longevity. Using Cox hazard models on about 2,000 couples married in the colony before 1740, we show that women bearing their last child late in life had longer post-reproductive lives, suggesting that late menopause is associated with an overall slower rate of aging. Increased parity had an opposite, detrimental effect on womenâs post-reproductive survival. On the other hand, husbandâs longevity was less sensitive to parity and reproductive history. For husbands increased effective family size (EFS; the number of children who survived up to age 18) in a âcompressedâ reproductive time-span meant higher chances for survival past age 60. Children may serve as strong economical assets on farmstead during colonization, which would mostly benefit fathers. In a collaborative effort to unveil post-reproductive aging patterns in historical populations, the results are compared to previous analyses conducted on the Utah population database and evolutionary and socio-demographic theories addressed in light of the results
Is There a Trade-off between Fertility and Longevity? A Comparative Study of Three Large Historical Demographic Databases Accounting for Mortality Selection
Frontier populations provide exceptional opportunities to test the hypothesis of a tradeâoff between fertility and longevity. In such populations, mechanisms favoring reproduction usually find fertile ground, and if these mechanisms reduce the chances for survival in old age, demographers should observe higher postâreproductive mortality rates among highly fertile women. We test this hypothesis using complete female reproductive histories from three large demographic databases: the Registre de la population du QuĂ©bec ancien (UniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al), which covers the first centuries of settlement in Quebec; the BALSAC database (UniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă Chicoutimi), including comprehensive records for the region of SaguenayâLacâStâJean (SLSJ) in the 19th and 20th centuries; and the Utah Population Database (University of Utah), including all individuals who experienced a vital event on the Mormon Trail since the early 1800s. From these databases, we extracted, respectively, 5447, 1610, and 11395 women who survived married to age 50. Together, the three samples allow for comparisons over time (Old Quebec versus more recent Quebec and Utah) and space (Quebec versus Utah), and represent the largest data collection used to assess the impact of female reproduction on postâreproductive survival in a natural fertility context. Using survival analyses controlling for observed and unobserved factors we found a negative influence of parity and a positive influence of age at last child on postâreproductive survival in the three populations, with remarkably similar effect sizes in the three samples. However, we found little evidence of early fertility effects. We used Heckmanâs twoâstage procedure to assess the impact of mortality selection during reproductive years, with no appreciable alteration of the main results. We conclude our empirical investigation by discussing the needs and the advantages of collaborative and comparative approaches
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