20 research outputs found

    Tradução da escala de desejo de aceitação social de Marlowe & Crowne para a língua portuguesa

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    Social desirability can bias the parameters measured by self-report. The aims of this study were: a) to translate into Portuguese the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, which quantifies social desirability and; b) to evaluate its precision. The version was obtained through a process of translation and back translation. A test-retest was conducted, in which the scale was administered twice, with one-month interval, to Dietetics students (n = 57). A Wilcoxon matched pairs test verified if there was difference between the two applications. The Spearman correlation coefficient between the applications was calculated. The scores obtained were 13.6 ± 4.4 (median 13) in the first application, and 13.4 ± 5.3 (median 13) in the second application. There was no difference between the means of the two applications (z = 1.66; p = 0.10) and correlation between them was 0.82 (p = 0.0000001). The score obtained was similar to those obtained by students in developed countries, which suggests that translation did not modify the scale's original meaning. Precision was high and compatible with that one obtained with the original version. These results indicate that the Brazilian version of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale is precise and adequate.O desejo de aceitação social (social desirability) pode enviesar os parâmetros medidos por auto-relato. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: a) traduzir para a língua portuguesa a Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, que quantifica o desejo de aceitação social e; b) analisar sua precisão. A versão da escala foi obtida por meio de tradução e retrotradução. Foi feito o teste-reteste, no qual o instrumento foi aplicado duas vezes, com intervalo de um mês, em estudantes de Nutrição (n = 57). O teste pareado de Wilcoxon verificou se havia diferença entre as duas aplicações. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman entre as duas aplicações foi calculado. Foi obtida pontuação de 13, 6 ± 4,4 (mediana 13) na primeira aplicação e de 13,4 ± 5,3 (mediana 13) na segunda aplicação. Não houve diferença significativa entre as médias das duas aplicações (z = 1,66; p = 0,10) e a correlação entre elas foi de 0,82 (p = 0,0000001). A pontuação foi semelhante à de estudantes de países desenvolvidos, sugerindo que a tradução não alterou o sentido original da escala. A precisão foi alta e compatível com a obtida na versão original. Estes resultados indicam que a versão final da escala é adequada e precisa

    “É lá, perto da moça gorda”: estudo qualitativo sobre as percepções de mulheres gordas acerca de seus corpos e discriminações relacionadas ao peso corporal

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    We investigated fat women’s perceptions of their own bodies and their experiences with weightrelated discriminations, and how these situations affected their well-being. Thirty-nine obese women were interviewed, and three axes of analysis were identified: (1) repercussions of being fat, (2) living with a fat body, and (3) am I a person or just a fat body? These axes were composed of eight themes which had similar meaning or complemented each other. The results showed our participants had mechanisms to diminish the magnitude of their stigmatized bodies (e.g., attempting to lose weight and changing their current food choices). Participants also reported being fat had physical and psychological consequences for them. Most notably, their larger bodies influenced their self-evaluation, making them feel devalued, unlovable, incapable, and incomplete. They reported stigmatizing experiences in familiar situations, at the workplace and in public spaces, and reported being stigmatized by both close and unknown individuals, including healthcare professionals. These professionals were reported to treat patients disrespectfully, which urges attention to health care inequalities for obese people. Our results stress stigmatizing attitudes towards fat people and their own considerations about themselves have negative consequences in their physical and mental well-being.Investigamos a percepção de mulheres gordas sobre seu próprio corpo e suas experiências com discriminações relacionadas ao peso e como essas situações afetavam seu bem-estar. Trinta e nove mulheres obesas foram entrevistadas, sendo identificados três eixos de análise: (1) repercussões de ser gorda, (2) vivendo com um corpo gordo, e (3) eu sou uma pessoa ou apenas um corpo gordo? Esses eixos eram compostos por oito temas que se complementavam ou tinham significado semelhante. Os resultados mostraram que nossas participantes utilizavam mecanismos para diminuir a magnitude de seus corpos estigmatizados (por exemplo, tentando perder peso e modificando suas escolhas alimentares atuais). As participantes também relataram que ser gorda teve consequências físicas e psicológicas para elas. É importante ressaltar que seus corpos maiores influenciaram sua autoavaliação, fazendo com que se sentissem desvalorizadas, incapazes, incompletas e sem possibilidade de se sentirem amadas. Elas relataram experiências estigmatizadoras em situações familiares, no local de trabalho e em espaços públicos, e relataram serem estigmatizadas por pessoas próximas e desconhecidas, bem como por profissionais de saúde. Foi relatado que esses profissionais tratam os pacientes com desrespeito, o que exige atenção quanto às desigualdades na assistência à saúde de pessoas obesas. Nossos resultados enfatizam que atitudes estigmatizadoras em relação às pessoas gordas e suas próprias considerações sobre si mesmas têm consequências negativas para seu bem-estar físico e mental

    The role of different dietary fatty acids on lipectomy and inflammatory bowel diseases.

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    A presente tese foi dividida em dois estudos. O primeiro teve objetivou avaliar os efeitos da lipectomia visceral, em ratos submetidos a diferentes dietas hiperlipídicas. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos: dieta saturada (SAT), poli-insaturada (PUFA) e controle (CON). Oito semanas depois, foram submetidos à cirurgia e subdivididos entre grupo lipectomia (L) ou falso operado (FO). Quando associada a SAT, L ocasionou crescimento compensatório do depósito retroperitoneal e de TNF-alfa, resultando em piora da sensibilidade à insulina, concentrações de colesterol e aumento do conteúdo hepático de gordura. Porém, L não ocasionou este efeitos quando associada a PUFA, devido ao aumentado depósito marrom e um melhor perfil inflamatório. O segundo estudo avaliou os efeitos dessas dietas em camundongos com retrocolite ulcerativa. PUFA piorou os escores inflamatórios e de lesão, tendo taxa de óbito de 43%. Já SAT apresentou perfil pró-inflamatório, mas com melhor resposta à doença, nos levando a concluir que a inflamação é necessária para a regeneração tecidual. Assim, os dois estudos demonstram que, mais importante que o conteúdo total de lipídios, é a qualidade e que é necessário se verificar a necessidade de cada um deles em função do perfil metabólico.The present thesis is divided into two studies. The aim of the first study was to investigate the effects of lipectomy in rats submitted to different high-fat diets. The rats were allocated into three groups; a high-saturated fat diet (SAT), a high-polyunsaturated fat diet (PUFA) and a control diet (CON). Following eight weeks, rats were allocated to lipectomy (L) or a sham operation (S); and euthanized three weeks after. SAT-L occasioned a compensatory growth of the retroperitoneal depot and increased TNF-a levels resulting in decreased insulin sensitivity, increased cholesterol levels and increased fatty liver. PUFA-L did not shown these effects probably due to increased brown adipose depot. The second study aimed to evaluate the effects of the SAT and PUFA in mice with ulcerative colitis. PUFA increased inflammatory scores and tissue lesions, resulting in increased death rate. SAT increased MPO and cytokine mRNA expression. However, the histological analyses showed an improved tissue response suggesting that inflammation is necessary. Therefore, it can be concluded that the type of fat is more important than the total amount according to the disease state

    Effects of seven consecutive days of aerobic training and lipectomy on insulin sensitivity and aiposity of rats fed a high-fat diet

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    O acúmulo de tecido adiposo visceral (TAV) está relacionado com a piora da sensibilidade à insulina (SI) e, por isso, tem sido hipotetizado que a retirada de parte deste depósito, lipectomia (L), poderia melhorar este quadro. No entanto, a L pode ocasionar um aumento compensatório ou uma regeneração do tecido retirado. Para investigar se a L e o exercício afetam ou não a SI e a adiposidade, 36 ratos machos Wistar foram submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica e divididos em 4 grupos: LT (treinado), LS (sedentário), FT (falso operado) e FS, sendo submetidos à L e/ou treinamento aeróbio. O peso corporal e consumo de ração foram medidos semanalmente. A glicemia de jejum e tolerância à glicose foram avaliados pré e pós-intervenções. Índice HOMA, adiposidade e expressão gênica (mRNA) PPAR, PPAR e TNF- e expressão protéica do PGC1- foram analisados pós-intervenções. O grupo L apresentou maior consumo de ração após L (p0,1). Os grupos LT e FS apresentaram maior expressão gênica do PPAR no TAV comparados aos LS e FT, já no músculo o LT apresentou menor expressão gênica comparado ao FS (p0,1). EL and CL groups showed higher PPAR mRNA on VAT compared to CL and ES, EL showed decreased PPAR mRNA on skeletal muscle compared to CS (p<0,05). CL group showed greater TNF- mRNA (p<0,05) and greater PGC1- protein expression compared to EL and CS (p<0,05). Our results showed that short-term swimming training improved insulin action and, in association with L improve IS. Moreover, lipectomy has induced increased food intake which may be related with an increase in adiposity at this grou

    Effects of seven consecutive days of aerobic training and lipectomy on insulin sensitivity and aiposity of rats fed a high-fat diet

    No full text
    O acúmulo de tecido adiposo visceral (TAV) está relacionado com a piora da sensibilidade à insulina (SI) e, por isso, tem sido hipotetizado que a retirada de parte deste depósito, lipectomia (L), poderia melhorar este quadro. No entanto, a L pode ocasionar um aumento compensatório ou uma regeneração do tecido retirado. Para investigar se a L e o exercício afetam ou não a SI e a adiposidade, 36 ratos machos Wistar foram submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica e divididos em 4 grupos: LT (treinado), LS (sedentário), FT (falso operado) e FS, sendo submetidos à L e/ou treinamento aeróbio. O peso corporal e consumo de ração foram medidos semanalmente. A glicemia de jejum e tolerância à glicose foram avaliados pré e pós-intervenções. Índice HOMA, adiposidade e expressão gênica (mRNA) PPAR, PPAR e TNF- e expressão protéica do PGC1- foram analisados pós-intervenções. O grupo L apresentou maior consumo de ração após L (p<0,05). Foi verificada pior tolerância à glicose no grupo LS (p<0,03) e diminuída insulina de jejum nos grupos LT e FT (p<0,00). O grupo LT apresentou melhor SI (p<0,04). Não houve diferença na adiposidade dos animais (p>0,1). Os grupos LT e FS apresentaram maior expressão gênica do PPAR no TAV comparados aos LS e FT, já no músculo o LT apresentou menor expressão gênica comparado ao FS (p<0,05). O grupo LS apresentou maior mRNA do TNF- comparado aos demais grupos (p<0,05) e maior expressão protéica de PGC1- que o grupos LT e FS (p<0,05). Nossos resultados demonstram que o treinamento melhorou a ação da insulina e em associação à L melhorou a SI. Além disso, a L ocasionou aumento no consumo de ração que pode ter colaborado com a recuperação da adiposidade neste grupoIncreased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may account for the impairment in peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity (IS). It has been hypothesized that the partial removal of VAT known as lipectomy (L) could result in the improvement, while a re-growth of the excised tissue and/or a compensatory growth of non-excised depots seem to occur. To investigate whether or not VAT removal and exercise affect IS and adiposity 36 male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet and assigned to 4 experimental groups: EL (exercised), ES (sham-lipectomized), CL (control-sedentary), and CS; animals were submitted to L and/or exercise training. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly. Fasting glucose and glucose tolerance were assessed pre and post-interventions. HOMA Index, body fat content, PPAR, PPAR e TNF- mRNA and PGC1- protein expression were assessed post-interventions. L group showed increased food intake post-L (p<0,05). CL group presented worsening on glucose tolerance (p<0,03). ET and ES showed lower fast insulin (p<0,00) and EL group showed better IS (p<0,04). There were no significant difference on body fat (p>0,1). EL and CL groups showed higher PPAR mRNA on VAT compared to CL and ES, EL showed decreased PPAR mRNA on skeletal muscle compared to CS (p<0,05). CL group showed greater TNF- mRNA (p<0,05) and greater PGC1- protein expression compared to EL and CS (p<0,05). Our results showed that short-term swimming training improved insulin action and, in association with L improve IS. Moreover, lipectomy has induced increased food intake which may be related with an increase in adiposity at this grou

    Effect of Short-term High-Dose Creatine Supplementation on Measured GFR in a Young Man With a Single Kidney

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    It currently is unknown whether creatine supplementation is safe for people with or at risk of kidney disease. We report on the short-term effects of creatine supplementation on kidney function in a young man with a single kidney and mildly decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). A 20-year-old man who had undergone unilateral nephrectomy and presented with mildly decreased GFR without kidney damage underwent a trial with 35 days of creatine supplementation (20 g/d for 5 days followed by 5 g/d for the next 30 days) and had his kidney function monitored. After the intervention, (51)Cr-EDTA clearance (pre, 81.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2); post, 82.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), proteinuria (protein excretion: pre, 130 mg/d; post, 120 mg/d), and electrolyte levels were unchanged. Albuminuria, serum urea level, and estimated creatinine clearance were decreased (pre, 4.6 mg/d; post, 2.9 mg/d; pre, 37 mg/d; post, 28 mg/dL; and pre, 88 mL/min/1.73 m(2); post, 71 mL/min/1.73 m(2), respectively), whereas serum creatinine level was slightly increased (pre, 1.03 mg/dL; post, 1.27 mg/dL), falsely suggesting kidney function impairment. This prospective report suggests that short-term creatine supplementation may not affect kidney function in an individual with a single kidney, mild decreased GFR, and ingesting a high-protein diet (ie, 2.8 g/kg/d). This finding has great relevance considering that creatine-induced kidney disease has been a growing concern, even for healthy people. Am J Kidney Dis 55: e7-e9. (C) 2010 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.CNPq Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

    Tradução da escala de desejo de aceitação social de Marlowe & Crowne para a língua portuguesa Translation into Portuguese of the Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale

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    O desejo de aceitação social (social desirability) pode enviesar os parâmetros medidos por auto-relato. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: a) traduzir para a língua portuguesa a Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, que quantifica o desejo de aceitação social e; b) analisar sua precisão. A versão da escala foi obtida por meio de tradução e retrotradução. Foi feito o teste-reteste, no qual o instrumento foi aplicado duas vezes, com intervalo de um mês, em estudantes de Nutrição (n = 57). O teste pareado de Wilcoxon verificou se havia diferença entre as duas aplicações. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman entre as duas aplicações foi calculado. Foi obtida pontuação de 13, 6 &plusmn; 4,4 (mediana 13) na primeira aplicação e de 13,4 &plusmn; 5,3 (mediana 13) na segunda aplicação. Não houve diferença significativa entre as médias das duas aplicações (z = 1,66; p = 0,10) e a correlação entre elas foi de 0,82 (p = 0,0000001). A pontuação foi semelhante à de estudantes de países desenvolvidos, sugerindo que a tradução não alterou o sentido original da escala. A precisão foi alta e compatível com a obtida na versão original. Estes resultados indicam que a versão final da escala é adequada e precisa.<br>Social desirability can bias the parameters measured by self-report. The aims of this study were: a) to translate into Portuguese the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, which quantifies social desirability and; b) to evaluate its precision. The version was obtained through a process of translation and back translation. A test-retest was conducted, in which the scale was administered twice, with one-month interval, to Dietetics students (n = 57). A Wilcoxon matched pairs test verified if there was difference between the two applications. The Spearman correlation coefficient between the applications was calculated. The scores obtained were 13.6 &plusmn; 4.4 (median 13) in the first application, and 13.4 &plusmn; 5.3 (median 13) in the second application. There was no difference between the means of the two applications (z = 1.66; p = 0.10) and correlation between them was 0.82 (p = 0.0000001). The score obtained was similar to those obtained by students in developed countries, which suggests that translation did not modify the scale's original meaning. Precision was high and compatible with that one obtained with the original version. These results indicate that the Brazilian version of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale is precise and adequate

    Dual effects of a high-protein diet on DSS-treated mice during colitis resolution phase

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    International audienceThe impact of the dietary protein level on the process of colonic mucosal inflammation and subsequent recovery remains largely unknown. In this study, we fed DSS-treated mice with either a normoproteic (NP) or a high-protein (HP) isocaloric diet from the beginning of the 5-day dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment to 14 days later. Measurements of colitis indicators (colon weight: length ratio, myeloperoxidase activity, cytokine expressions) showed a similar level of colonic inflammation in both DSS groups during the colitis induction phase. However, during the colitis resolution phase, inflammation intensity was higher in the DSS-HP group than in the DSS-NP group as evidenced by higher inflammatory score and body weight loss. This coincided with a higher mortality rate. In surviving animals, an increase in colonic crypt height associated with a higher number of colon epithelial cells per crypt, and TGF-beta 3 content was observed in the DSS-HP vs. DSS-NP group. Moreover, colonic expression patterns of tight junction proteins and E-cadherin were also different according to the diet. Altogether, our results indicate that the HP diet, when given during both the induction and resolution periods of DSS-induced colitis, showed deleterious effects during the post-induction phase. However, HP diet ingestion was also associated with morphological and biochemical differences compatible with higher colonic epithelium restoration in surviving animals, indicating an effect of the dietary protein level on colonic crypt repair after acute inflammation. These data highlight the potential impact of the dietary protein amount during the colitis course

    Mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: is there a place for nutritional supplementation?

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    Advanced mucosal healing (MH) after intestinal mucosal inflammation coincides with sustained clinical remission and reduced rates of hospitalization and surgical resection, explaining why MH is increasingly considered as a full therapeutic goal and as an endpoint for clinical trials. Intestinal MH is a complex phenomenon viewed as a succession of steps necessary to restore tissue structure and function. These steps include epithelial cell migration and proliferation, cell differentiation, restoration of epithelial barrier functions, and modulation of cell apoptosis. Few clinical studies have evaluated the needs for specific macronutrients and micronutrients and their effects on intestinal MH, most data having been obtained from animal and cell studies. These data suggest that supplementation with specific amino acids including arginine, glutamine, glutamate, threonine, methionine, serine, proline, and the amino acid-derived compounds, polyamines can favorably influence MH. Short-chain fatty acids, which are produced by the microbiota from undigested polysaccharides and protein-derived amino acids, also exert beneficial effects on the process of intestinal MH in experimental models. Regarding supplementation with lipids, although the effects of v-3 and v-6 fatty acids remain controversial, endogenous prostaglandin synthesis seems to be necessary for MH. Finally, among micronutrients, several vitamin and mineral deficiencies with different frequencies have been observed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and supplementation with some of them (vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin C, and zinc) are presumed to favor MH. Future work, including clinical studies, should evaluate the efficiency of supplementation with combination of dietary compounds as adjuvant nutritional intervention for MH of the inflamed intestinal mucosa
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