Application of Legal Entities to the European Court of Human Rights: a Significant Disadvantage as the Condition of Admissibility

This article lists the content and deals with the criteria for assessing the presence or absence of material damage suffered by the applicant to the European Court of Human Rights, the subject of entrepreneurship, as a new condition for the admissibility of an individual application. The article establishes that the list and content of the criteria for assessing the presence or absence of material damage suffered by the applicant to the European Court of Human Rights are different for individuals and for legal entities – business entities. Moreover, the article initiates a discussion on the list and content of these criteria for the subjects of entrepreneurship – the applicants to the European Court of Human Rights. In the light of the Court\u27s practice, the author reveals their content as well as legal categories such as ‘substantial harm’, ‘financial harm’, ‘pecuniary damage’, ‘non-pecuniary damage’ incurred by the applicant, the subject of entrepreneurship, and highlights the issues to which objectives may be caused by ‘moral harm’ in case of violation of the rights of the subject of entrepreneurship

CRITERIA FOR THE COURT’S COMPLIANCE WITH THE OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE JUSTIFICATION OF ITS DECISIONS

The article aims to identify the criteria of ‘the court’s compliance with the obligation to provide justification of its decisions. The following criteria have been identified: a court accepted the party’s (parties’) argument that has the following features: is concrete; is relevant; is appropriate; in case of court’s refusal to accept the evidence provided by the party (parties), the court provides detailed and compelling reasons for this refusal listed in its decision document; the evidence was admitted in a fair way; the evidence was examined in a fair way; implications of evidence examination and application of judicial norms are in compliance with CPHRFF; the procedural decision-making is fair

SOME ASPECTS OF HIV-IMMUNOPATOLOGY IN INFECTED PERSONS LIVING IN THE FAR NORTH

The specific features of immune dysfunction in HIV-infected persons were studied, taking into account the stage of disease, the route of infection and climatic conditions of residence. Three hundred and. twenty-two HIV-infected patients aged from 17 to 57 years were examined. Of those with sexual transmission were 185 (Group II), with the parenteral route of transmission - 137 (Group I). The findings suggest that there are pronounced and. significant cellular and. humoral changes: decreases in the level of CD4-!ymphocytes, in the immunoregulatory index (IRI), B-lymphocytes and. increased the content of CD3, CD8-lymphocytes, a rise in the concentration of IgG, IgM, IgE, and. increased formation of circulating immune complexes (CIC). These changes were observed in all subjects, but most pronounced in the group with the parenteral route of transmission, as well as in stage 4 A-B HIV infection. The degree of damage the immune system is more pronounced in comparison with the data obtained in other territories

Модель теплового комфорту людини для аналізу енергетичних характеристик будівлі

Despite numerous studies devoted to a comprehensive analysis of buildings as complex energy systems and, in particular, human thermal comfort, an attempt to combine these two aspects to solve the problems of energy conservation and comfort has been made for the first time. The designed comfort model serves to determine the structure of the human body exergy balance and calculate the minimum exergy consumption and comfortable air temperature. The paper presents a structure of the exergy balance in winter and summer, the dependence of the human body exergy consumption on the mean radiant temperature and room air temperature in winter. We have analyzed various models of human thermal comfort and devised a model of a comprehensive analysis of the system “heat source – human being – building envelope”. We have calculated the standard deviation of comfortable room air temperature for different values of the mean radiant temperature, for the exergy model of thermal comfort and the model for which the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index of human sensation equals to zero. It is found that the standard deviation equals to 1.4 °C. Using thermal comfort models in a comprehensive analysis allows constructing buildings with low energy or exergy consumption and with high­quality thermal comfort.Представлена структура эксергетического баланса тела человека для зимнего и летнего периода. Получена зависимость потребления эксергии человеческим телом средней радиационной температуры и температуры воздуха в комнате для зимнего периода. Проанализированы различные модели теплового комфорта человека и разработана комплексная модель на базе енергетического и ексергетического подходов для анализа сложной системы источник тепла – человек – ограждающие конструкции. С помощью модели определены минимальное потребление эксергии человеческим телом, структура эксергетического баланса и температурные условия комфортностиПредставлена структура ексергетичного балансу тіла людини для зимового та літнього періоду. Отримана залежність споживання ексергії людським тілом від середньої радіаційної температури та температури повітря в кімнаті для зимового періоду. Проаналізовано різні моделі теплового комфорту людини та розроблено комплексну модель на базі енергетичного та ексергетичного підходів для аналізу складної системи джерело тепла – людина – огороджувальні конструкції. За допомогою моделі визначено мінімальне споживання ексергії людським тілом, структура ексергетичного балансу та температурні умови комфортност

Spectroscopy and micro-luminescence mapping of Xe-implanted defects in diamond

Ion implantation in diamond creates optically active defects which have emission lines in broad spectral regions, and may be used in advanced photonics and optical communication applications. A brief review of the photoluminescence properties of Xe⁺ ion implanted diamond is presented. The Xe-related center is of particular interest as this center is one of a few centers (Ni, Si, Cr) in diamond having sharp emission lines in the infrared spectral region, specifically at 813 and 794 nm. The paper discusses an approach to determine an important and difficult to measure conversion efficiency of implanted ions into emitting optical centers. The method uses a micro-luminescence confocal mapping and statistical analysis based on a compound Poisson distribution, accounting for both the implanted centers and the optically excited centers statistics. Results of numerical simulations and experimental measurements are presented